Search results for "Chinese civilization" - New World Encyclopedia

assimilated to various extents with Chinese civilization. It is sometimes translated ... assimilated to various extents with Chinese civilization. It is sometimes translated ...

Giles: Fung Yu-lan) (1895–1990) was a Chinese philosopher who was important ... Dewey. After publication of History of Chinese Philosophy Feng continued ...

of) Korean Peninsula. Most of the Chinese and Korean scholars consider ... Koreans point to Gija as a co-founder of Korean civilization along ...

and Sarah Allan, The Formation of Chinese civilization: an archaeological ... Sarah Allan. 2003. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological ...

Jizi (chinese:箕 子) (Gija in Korean)The character "zi" ... Jizi a Chinese sage who had brought Chinese civilization to Korea. During the ...

one of the most public leaders in Chinese history. Burdened with many ... * Gernet, Jacques, et. al., A History of Chinese Civilization. Cambridge: ...

on Mount Emei had long been the home of Chinese martial arts. ... tall. Chinese monk Hai Tong and his disciples carved the Buddha statue ...

Heaven and Earth on the behalf of the Chinese empire, especially responsible ... variation of Tai Chi. Developed by Chinese Olympic boxing coach Bai ...

the bureaucratic political ladder of the Chinese government and served as ... sending embassies to China to study Chinese civilization in depth. These embassies ...

, 429–500), courtesy name Wenyuan (文遠), was a prominent Chinese ... Chinese mechanical engineer Ma Jun (c. 200-265 C.E.) originally invented ...

In Chinese mythology, Fu Xi or Fu Hsi ( c=伏羲|p=fúxī ... sānhuáng) of ancient China. According to Chinese mythology, he is a cultural ...

, courtesy name Zixian (子先), was a Chinese bureaucrat, agricultural ... de Rocha. He became the most influential Chinese Christian before the twentieth ...

to be one of the many points where Chinese civilization first developed. A ... As one of the oldest areas of Chinese civilization, there are numerous ...

| image = chinese jadeite buttons.jpg | imagesize = ... the most valuable of the jades by the Chinese, known for their carefully ...

in ancient China, Egypt, and the Minoan civilization. Tightrope walkers were ... Western perceptions of acrobatics; the Chinese stressed lightness more ...

Christianity and Western ideas to the Chinese Empire in the sixteenth ... Christianity in China, he showed Chinese scholars that foreign countries ...

system and regarded itself as the only civilization in the world; the emperor ... in the sense that they regarded Chinese civilization to be universal in ...

) were a group of Chinese Taoist Qingtan scholars, writers, and musicians ... * Balazs, Etienne. Chinese Civilization and Bureaucracy: Variations ...

(Northeast China) in the tenth century. Chinese historians classified the ... the Khitan's had little creative civilization to offer the regions defeated ...

is considered a high point in Chinese civilization. It was able to expand ... is regarded as another zenith of Chinese civilization. The term survives ...

ancient Unified Silla dynasty reveal a civilization rich in spirituality, ... In the seventh century, Silla allied itself with the Chinese Tang ...

敬仲), is conventionally regarded as the Chinese inventor of paper and the ... Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. In 751, some Chinese paper makers were captured ...

is included among the Four Great Novels of Chinese literature. ... A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization]. *[http://www-chaos.umd ...

became the preferred stone of post-1800 Chinese imperial scholars and rulers ... From about the earliest Chinese dynasties until present, the jade ...

*Metal (Chinese:金, pinyin: jīn, "gold") *Wood (Chinese: 木, pinyin: mù) *Water (Chinese: 水, pinyin: shuǐ) ...

The Culture of China (Chinese: 中國文化) is home to one of the ... Chinese culture underwent several turning points and renewals throughout ...

, 531–591) was a Chinese scholar, calligrapher, painter, musician ... to the Tuoba people (拓跋), a non-Chinese nation. Adopting Confucianism ...

Chinese mythology starts with Pangu, the creator of the universe, ... It was during this period that Chinese civilization developed a ruling ...

gairyaku" (An Outline of a Theory of Civilization) (1875). ... and Fukuzawa, intrigued with Western civilization, traveled to Kanagawa ...

Satori (悟 Korean oh; Japanese satori; Chinese Wù) is a Japanese ... by extending his criticism to modern civilization rooted in antiquity. The ...

Zhejiang was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization ... The link between Zhejiang and the center of Chinese civilization was ...

and the turning away from communism by the Chinese government that followed ... the Korean Kingdom "Goguryeo" civilization and the last feudal dynasty—Manchu ...

Jiao Yu (Traditional and Simplified Chinese: 焦玉, Wade-Giles: Chiao ... military treatise that outlined the use of Chinese military technology during ...

- Sùtè) was the ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a ... - Sùtè) was the ancient civilization of an Iranian people and a ...

2006. Retrieved July 10, 2008. As civilization advanced, creating cities ... Pictograms were also used by the ancient Chinese culture since around ...

is an unusual surname and the common Chinese word for "ink," ... He was well-educated and versed in the Chinese classics. He held public ...

Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years; its origins ... influence on the history of Chinese civilization. Some scholars consider ...

all have phonetic components (such as Chinese Pinyin or Hanyu Pinyin) ... The main logographic system in use today is Chinese characters, used ...

China" and "the Cradle of Chinese Civilization." Thousands of ... is considered the birthplace of Chinese civilization. Thousands of archaeological ...

The Chinese began to use these explosives as a form of incendiary ... with shrapnel. By the late 1200s the Chinese had developed these into ...

Jacques Gernet. A History of Chinese Civilization. 2. (New York: Cambridge ... == Contribution to Chinese Civilization == During the Yuan and Ming ...

worked against the advancement of civilization, there are historical ... and uncivilized. When the Greek civilization and culture was threatened ...

Chinese mythology is a collection of cultural history, folktales, ... Chinese myths are thought to have originated around the twelfth century ...

remote from the centers of power in Chinese civilization, enjoyed a measure ... Guangdong was far away from the center of ancient Chinese civilization ...

differently. Though the qilin (麒麟, Chinese), a creature in Chinese ... a common symbol during the Indus Valley Civilization, appearing on many seals ...

the members of the ethnic majority of Chinese people to this day still ... were established. The Han gave the Chinese a sense of unity and bequeathed ...

it remained the capital of Japanese civilization until Emperor Kammu (桓武天皇 ... The Nara court aggressively imported Chinese civilization by sending ...

Chinese polity developed a bias towards centralization and unity, ... Zhejiang) were also brought into the Chinese cultural sphere during this ...

The similarity of the Roman abacus to the Chinese one suggests that ... Another possible source of the suanpan are the Chinese counting rods ...

Chūnqiū Shídài) was a period in Chinese history, which roughly corresponds ... A Visual Sourcebook of Chinese Civilization]. *[http://www.travelchinaguide ...

to protect the northern borders of the Chinese Empire from raids by Hunnic ... to the technological achievement of Chinese civilization, but also to both ...

records suggest that the origins of Chinese civilization started with city ... Some basic religious concepts of early Chinese civilization continued ...

The Ming Dynasty Tombs (Chinese: 明朝十三陵; pinyin: Míng cháo ... at the northern foot of Purple Mountain (Chinese: 紫金山; pinyin: Zĭjīn ...

for much of Christian culture in Chinese society today. Members of ... Xavier, however, died the same year on the Chinese island of Shangchuan, without ...

attained its first continuous peak of civilization, complexity, and achievement ... principles of Maat have been compared with Chinese ideas of order and justice ...

Avalokitesvara.R.A. Stein, Tibetan Civilization (1962). Translated into ... to live in Dharmasala, India following the Chinese invasion of Tibet. Today ...

Chinese ceramics or Chinese porcelain is a form of fine art developed ... to create a three-dimensional appearance. Chinese artisans have always borrowed ...

23, 1873 – January 19, 1929) was a Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher ... influenced an entire generation of Chinese young people. Liang returned ...

The Gandhara civilization peaked during the reign of the great Kushan ... Hinduism was revived but the Gandharan Civilization declined. The Sassanids ...

Jiangxi was outside the sphere of influence of early Chinese civilization ... became one of the earliest bases for the Chinese communists, and many peasants ...

This later became a Chinese idiom (覆巢之下，安有完卵), used ... *Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. Chinese civilization and society a sourcebook ...

ago and has been used by nearly every civilization around the world. The ... Chinese and other East Asian flutes come in many varieties. Chinese ...

From the earliest stages of civilization, people have used various ... the gods. As far back as 1000 B.C.E., the Chinese had I Ching, an oracle which ...

informed the public of the laws of the civilization, while in Asia, stelae ... is written exclusively in Classical Chinese and has 1802 characters. ...

positional decimal systems in ancient civilization: the Chinese counting ... * c. 2600 B.C.E.: Indus Valley Civilization includes the earliest ...

(shih) Wen-ti, was the second son of the Chinese politician and poet Cao ... *Ebrey, Patricia Buckley. 1981. Chinese civilization and society a ...

to their degree of distance. Traditional Chinese world maps show China in ... because they recognized elements of Chinese civilization as being of value. ...

all foundations that underlie current civilization came into being. Some ... Confucius and Lao Tse, all the trends in Chinese philosophy arose... In India ...

can be traced to the ancient Indian civilization. These numbers were adopted ... ==As lucky or unlucky number, Chinese culture== Nine (九 pinyin jiǔ ...

is based on the genealogy of the Chen Chinese school of Buddhism, and ... two comprises the thoughts of their later Chinese counterparts, touching on ...

and the Korean Peninsula. Several Chinese texts record the people ... also appears as a prosperous bronze age civilization, with a complex social ...

in the south were forced to recognize Chinese suzerainty. Commerce continued ... and came to power after defeating the Chinese Ming dynasty and taking ...

H. Lee, 1991, Sourcebook of Korean Civilization, 180-182, Columbia University ... He combined the depth of the Chinese scholarship and the study ...

Liu Pang), was the first Emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty (漢朝). He ... to prominence. Under Gaozu’s reign, the Chinese imperial system assumed ...

was far removed from the center of Chinese civilization, which was predominantly ... far removed from the centers of civilization in the North China Plain ...

role in the history of human civilization. The Yuanmou Man, a Homo ... and his followers initiated the influx of Chinese influence into Yunnan, which ...

to trigger the downfall of the Minoan civilization is under intense debate ... winter from the Minoan eruption with Chinese records documenting the ...

the Koreans unambiguously triumphed over the Chinese. ==Background== ... The campaign was unsuccessful for the Chinese, who failed to capture strategic ...

during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history. ... result it has felt the influence of Chinese civilization since its very beginnings ...

an open hand (five digits displayed). The Chinese word numeral for ten is ... * In Chinese astrology, the 10 Heavenly Stems refer to a cyclic number ...

the Hindu idea of kingship in Khmer civilization. 3) Weakening of the empire ... principalities collectively known to the Chinese by the names Funan (modern ...

the border between North Korea and the Chinese provinces of Jilin and Liaoning ... Japanese defeat and at the onset of the Chinese Civil War. The province ...

vases as early as 3000 B.C.E. The civilization also made use of sistra ... the area begins with the Indus Valley Civilization that emerged around 3000 ...

it was itself an extension of the Chinese civilization that had emerged some ... increasingly Sinicized) north and a Han Chinese-ruled south. Hubei, which ...

them benevolent rather than malevolent. In Chinese society, for example, the ... The Qingming Festival is a traditional Chinese festival usually occurring ...

, and categorizes them as Yang and Yin (in Chinese). Although some consider ... (It is still written that way in modern Chinese and Japanese.) The Gupta ...

numerous ambitious soldiers and refuges of Chinese governments throughout history ... The plan is hailed by some as a Chinese effort to shift towards ...

administrators, began calling himself the Chinese title of "wang" ... into the Liaodong Peninsula, the last Chinese commandery at Lelang was ...

also built. The peak of Hindu-Javanese civilization was the Majapahit Empire ... situation happened with Indonesians with Chinese ethnicity, who mostly were ...

II, many of the gardens lay in ruins. The Chinese government launched a project ... with that conquest. Remnants of the civilization include the ruins of the ...

Göktürks (Kokturks, known in medieval Chinese sources as Tujue (突厥 ... c. 200 B.C.E., contemporary with the Chinese Han Dynasty( 漢朝). ...

seized the throne (the first and only Chinese Empress to rule in her own ... by historians as a high point in Chinese civilization—equal to or surpassing ...

book to survive is a sixteen foot long Chinese Buddhist copy of the Diamond ... The Chinese invented and perfected "Indian Ink" for use ...

Thomas. The Origin of Culture and Civilization. Austin, TX: TurnKey Press ... Population pressures throughout certain periods of Chinese history ...

that link individuals together. Civilization, also, is closely connected ... Edward Burnett Tylor wrote, in 1871, that "culture or civilization ...

India.Joseph Needham. 1986. Science and Civilization in China: Volume 3. (Taipei: ... as a product of ancient Rome or Arabia (Chinese: Daqin). Although documentation ...

centers of human civilization. Chinese civilization was also one of the ... B.C.E.Jacques Gernet, A History of Chinese Civilization (Cambridge University ...

The music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization with documents and artifacts providing evidence of a well-developed musical ...

as well as the discovery of the Minoan civilization that inhabited it. Cretan ... using Geba (a script more similar to Chinese character writing) or a ...

#039;s Zongli Yamen (foreign office). The Chinese were reluctant to get involved ... speaking to the delegation through their Chinese-speaking interpreter, told ...

(beginning with the Indus Valley civilization), which began along the ... on several voyages to the Western Ocean (Chinese name for the Indian Ocean ...

in exile from his homeland due to the Chinese takeover of the country ... to negotiate a peaceful resolution to the Chinese occupation of Tibet. He ...

Suhas Chatterjee, Indian Civilization and Culture (New Delhi: M.D ... Records made by the Chinese pilgrim Fa Xian were also used in the ...

The province is contiguous with many other Chinese provinces, including Hebei ... regarded as the cradle of Chinese civilization. ==History== ...

invasion with the Malgal against Chinese outposts along the border ... end constituted one of the greatest in civilization according to the Book ...

The Aztec civilization used the heart as a sacrificial token during ... heart are also reflected in the East. The Chinese character for "spiritual ...

a horizontal line, as is still the case in Chinese script. The Gupta wrote ... of Numbers: How Mathematics Has Shaped Civilization. New York: Fawcett Columbine ...

In ancient Western civilization, the Golden Mean is found in the mythological ... ===Doctrine of the Mean in Chinese Society=== In China prior to the ...

Army Intelligence Corps where he learned Chinese (via Confucian texts) mainly ... obvious that as we move toward a world civilization, in which so many cultures ...

Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions ... believed that the best qualities of Chinese civilization should never be abandoned ...

of an embassy sent to the West by the Chinese Emperor Ming (58-75 C.E ... The eastern part of Central Asia (Chinese Turkestan (Tarim Basin ...

in the Mongolian classical alphabet. In Chinese, the region is known as ... failed to match their values and civilization, with succeeding empires ...

knowledge of saltpeter, calling it "Chinese snow." They knew of ... Some scholars have claimed that the Chinese only developed saltpeter ...

characteristics of Western civilization. His goal was to find reasons ... Chinese civilization had no religious prophecy nor a powerful priestly ...

A Chinese character ( t=漢字|s=汉字|汉字|p=Hànzì ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean ...

and giving rise to a blossoming of civilization. Some scholars even credit ... that after their decisive defeat by the Chinese in 428-431, some of the ...

on the 8th day of the 4th month of the Chinese calendar. ... * The Eight Immortals are Chinese deities. ==In music== ...

human nature, but pessimists regarding civilization's potential to bring ... Starting with Confucius, Chinese civilization puts great stress ...

the impact of Korean upon Japanese civilization has been hotly contested ... Baekje in 18 B.C.E. According to the Chinese record San Guo Zhi, during ...

a cultural hero and a favorite subject of Chinese folk tales, poetry, and ... His unique abnormality was known to the Chinese political world from the ...

said to have sailed to the Indus Valley Civilization area of India in 240 or ... in the Central Asian kingdom of Saman. Chinese documents record that the ...

itself in government policy with the U.S. Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, which was prompted by the fear that the mass immigration of Asians threatened ...

Spencer began developing his view of civilization as a natural and organic ... Spanish, French, Russian, Japanese and Chinese, and he was offered honors ...

believed to have been the progenitor civilization of later Mesoamerican ... _ancient_world_olmec.htm Olmec Civilization Rises] Salem Press, 2004 ...

order, morality, the true religion and civilization, and have even claimed ... the notion of that a great nation and civilization had the right to a breathing ...

) (CE 78–139) was a Chinese polymath, being a astronomer, mathematician ... Reconstruction Designs of Lost Ancient Chinese Machinery. (Dordrecht: Springer ...

Chinoiserie is the catch-all term for decorations involving Chinese ... Westerners appear in many works of Indian, Chinese, and Japanese artists. In ...

and developed, at least initially, with Chinese help. Korea developed a ... Korea, see below), a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated ...

to a bright supernova recorded by Chinese and Arab astronomers in 1054. ... SN 1054 supernova that was recorded by Chinese and Arab astronomers in ...

Chinese architecture refers to a style of architecture that has taken ... grander scale. Since the Tang Dynasty, Chinese architecture has had a major ...

The Inca Civilization incorporated, and in many cases perfected, many ... Cusco, the major cultural and population center of the Incan civilization ...

offense.Lewis and Reinhold, Roman Civilization Volume I (Columbia University ... === Chinese agriculture === The unique tradition of Chinese agriculture ...

revolutions of 1919, but also later the Chinese Revolution of 1927) which ... Revolution, Lenin wrote: You say that civilization is necessary for the building ...

movement and by people who rejected civilization and its injustices and ... and left a remarkable collection of Chinese porcelain. Dana's Reminiscences ...

=== Developments in Chinese === Due to the place of its first appearance ... * The earliest Chinese literary reference to magnetism lies in a fourth ...

Siberia, western Manchuria and the modern Chinese provinces of Inner Mongolia ... Relations between the Han Chinese and the Xiongnu were complicated ...

was made out of exotic animals such as rhinoceros. Chinese influence in Japan would result in the Japanese adopting Chinese styles, their famous "samurai ...

art and in the decorative work of the Chinese and Japanese, and others ... * Glyphs and artwork of the Maya civilization, low relief ...

(poorer groups living outside the borders of a civilization). ... like Russia and China. During the Chinese revolution, the concept ...

The Mayan civilization spread over Belize between 1500 B.C.E. and ... The rest of the population of Belize is Chinese, East Indian, and North American. ...

durable and cheap silk, and A. pernyi, the Chinese tussah moth, is a major ... mulberry silk. A. pernyi is known as the Chinese tussah moth, is a major ...

*The kanji and Chinese character for five are both 五, and its formal ... printed mixed calendars combining Western, Chinese-Buddhist and Japanese names ...

Beyond the logographic Chinese writing, many phonetic scripts are ... used to phonetically transcribe Mandarin Chinese in the Republic of China ...

sent by God or the gods to destroy civilization as an act of divine retribution ... The ancient Chinese civilization was concentrated at the bank of Yellow ...

properties, thus influencing human civilization. Total solar eclipses ... The ancient Chinese astronomer Shi Shen (fl. fourth century B.C.E ...

the local capital of the Imperial Chinese Tang Dynasty (618 – 907 ... The first imperial palace was built in the Chinese style. The most prosperous ...

users that Murphy wrote about were "Chinese, [[Assyrian Empire|Assyrians ... into “disproportionate contact with Chinese people” in her courtroom ...

history, it was written both in classical Chinese and in Korean, first using ... have access to culture but by that time Chinese characters were essential ...

more than a thousand workers a day. The Chinese iron industry was also expanded ... * Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China: Volume 5, Part ...

held the upper hand, creating Korean civilization from 30 B.C.E. until the ... has remained a vital force in Korean civilization from 2333 B.C.E. until ...

In Greco-Roman civilization, possible sites of human sacrifice has ... The ancient Chinese are known to have made sacrifices of young men ...

*Caral-Supe Civilization (ca. 2500 B.C.E. - ) *Chavin (1000 to 500 B.C.E.) ... that were the precursors of the Inca civilization. Not all Andean cultures ...

has a long history of settlement and civilization, including the Indus Valley ... As one of the cradles of human civilization, the Pakistani region ...

The earliest known South American civilization was at Norte Chico ... From their capital city of Cusco, the Inca civilization dominated ...

and anticipates Niccolò Machiavelli. Ancient Chinese and Indian civilization resembled that of Ancient Greece in that there was a unified culture ...

Chinese religious devotees, See Chinese Rites Controversy. See also ... to enjoy himself. By the end of his civilization he had discovered that ...

insights from Taoism and other ancient Chinese traditions. Nevertheless ... Walden is often seen as a rejection of civilization. However Thoreau neither ...

the ravages of time and the advances of civilization, particularly the agricultural ... miles in length is only exceeded by the Chinese wall, which makes a considerable ...

The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro in the Indus Valley Civilization ... The collapse of Roman civilization saw the end of their urban planning ...

that the East was home to a great civilization and that Europe were not ... he made use of siege engines, much as the Chinese troops had in earlier campaigns ...

of typography are at least as old as civilization and the earliest writing ... The Chinese invention of paper and woodblock printing produced the ...

sacrifice described in a sixth century Chinese text. The identification ... * Higham, Charles. 2001. The Civilization of Angkor. Berkeley: University ...

to make a soft drink. Bamboo is used in Chinese medicine for treating infections ... first emerge from the soil, are called in Chinese, zhú sǔn (simplified: ...

*The Six Dynasties form part of Chinese history *6 is a lucky number in Chinese culture *"Six" is used as ...

the family shrines of his Nepalese and Chinese wives, who were both Buddhists ... Chinese painting had a profound influence on Tibetan painting. Starting ...

In addition to the ruins of Gandhara civilization and ancient Buddhist/Hindu ... Taxila Museum, dedicated mainly to the remains of Gandhara civilization ...

diverged from the ancestors of the Han Chinese about 5,000–6,000 years ... China to constitute the Zhonghua Minzu or Chinese nation, although in anthropological ...

on understanding how the evolution of civilization came about, later being ... with findings of the Indus Valley Civilization at Harappa, China with ...

were developed by the Indus Valley Civilization in Pakistan and North ... By the first century C.E., during the Han Dynasty, the Chinese also ...

is part of the cradle of Polynesian civilization (along with Samoa and ... on Tongatapu, have become dominated by Chinese immigrants who arrived under ...

ago. The first written records of a civilization in the area appear in ... which is one the major entrepots for Chinese goods imported into CIS ...

state he organized. He is cited in Chinese history as one of the greatest ... *Ebrey, Patricia B. Chinese civilization and society a sourcebook ...

Micronesians with a considerable civilization, were estimated at 40 ... control has resulted in a large number of Chinese migrant workers employed ...

that key trade route, named after the caravans of Chinese silks that traversed it to be sold in the West, effected what McNeill calls the "closure ...

thousand years ago, to the Greek civilization. The word gymnastics comes ... For instance, in 1998, world-class Chinese artistic gymnast Sang Lan ...

specification, language code 4 is for the Chinese language. Codes for regional ... sì) is considered an unlucky number in Chinese and Japanese cultures because ...

projects with the goal of restarting civilization in "Year Zero." ... in 1925 to a moderately wealthy family of Chinese-Khmer descent. In 1935, ...

*Johnson, David G. 1977. The medieval Chinese oligarchy. Boulder, ... oligarchy; the founding of American civilization. New York: C. Scribner ...

*Ng, Mary W. 2006. Chinese Fables. Maple Ridge, BC: Aim Pub. ISBN 0968763731 *Thurber, James. 1991. Further Fables for our Time. Mandarin. ISBN ...

skills, such as hunting. Later, the ancient Chinese, Indian, and Egyptian civilizations had traditions of physical education and activity, most commonly ...

American professor in Japan, whose work on Chinese characters was developed ... and in particular his notes on the Chinese ideogram: Pound gives a ...

to the existence of a medieval Bantu civilization in the region. Linked ... * Asian ethnic groups (mostly Indian and Chinese): 0.5 percent. ...

variant known as "socialism with Chinese characteristics." and balances on power, which human civilization has learned is necessary ...

Japan’s diplomatic relations with the Chinese Qing Dynasty. ... Studies in Japanese History and Civilization). University Publications ...

Settlements in the Indus Valley Civilization were often fortified ... The Minoan civilization on Crete probably relied more on the defense ...

Although large Chinese bridges existed in wooden construction since ... bridge, were used by the Inca civilization in the Andes mountains ...

The first sculptures in India date back to the Indus Valley civilization ... Modern skilled Chinese artisans can trace their roots back to artifacts ...

sushi. Dried scallop is known in Cantonese Chinese cuisine as conpoy (乾瑤柱 ... Ocean, itself named after the Dying Civilization of Atlantis). The reference ...

and taught his people the elements of civilization during his thousand-year ... still conducting their written work in Chinese, the early Catholics used ...

church buildings. Spanish culture and civilization played a major role in ... the Philippines, including a fusion with Chinese style. The Church's ...

Primitive kilns date back to the early days of civilization and are ... The Chinese developed a climbing kiln in the fourth century C.E., ...

In geometry, a polyhedron (plural polyhedra or polyhedrons) is often defined as a three-dimensional object with flat, polygonal faces and straight ...

The Babylonians, Egyptians, Sumerians, Chinese, and Aztecs all held somewhat ... transmission from an alien civilization involves searching through ...

(Abrams, 1979), 62. Fernand Braudel, Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th ... might favor things Turkish at one time, Chinese at another, and Japanese ...

art treasures created by Far Eastern civilization. The grotto is found ... from granite. Although the Indian and Chinese influences are pronounced ...

historians consider the Dong Son civilization that covered much of Southeast ... because some historians consider it a Chinese occupation while others ...

Seodang, spending nine years studying Chinese classic literature and neo ... In the PC game Civilization IV expansion pack, Beyond the Sword, An ...

1717, but were expelled by the armies of Chinese Emperor Kangxi in 1720. ... *Stein, R. A. Tibetan Civilization. Stanford University Press, 1972 ...

to be held as a "sacred trust of civilization" by the countries ... The Japanese claim to Shandong was disputed by the Chinese. In 1914 ...

being both part of the Indo-European civilization have interacted, with ... Philosophy has had a tremendous effect on Chinese civilization, and ...

though usually on the outskirts of civilization. Communities of virgins ... Chinese Buddhist monks have been traditionally linked with the practice ...

the Greek Zeus, the Norse Odin and the Chinese Shang-di. These celestial ... With the extension of the Sumerian civilization into surrounding areas ...

of Kant and in 1923 The Philosophy of Civilization, a comprehensive historical ... entire life. His believed that Western civilization was in decay because it ...

(not dissimilar to those of Sun Tzu, the Chinese author of the Art of War ... heartland. It would take a different civilization, that of the Seljuk Turks ...

Micronesians, with a considerable civilization, were estimated at 40 ... for Japanese (90 percent), Korean, and Chinese tourists. With over 20 large ...

Negatively, attitudes of racial, cultural, religious and civilization ... and Taiwan), and the emerging Indian and Chinese powers. ...

form of book in the Hellenistic, Roman, Chinese and Hebrew cultures. The ... The Chinese inventor Pi Sheng made movable type of earthenware circa ...

filters, tents, and in bookbinding. The first Chinese paper was made of cotton fiber, as is the modern United States dollar bill and federal stationery. ...

to materially alter the direction of civilization. Milton is one of those ... of lectures under the auspices of the Chinese government; one in 1988 ...

Tibet, called “Bod” by Tibetans, or 西藏 (Xīzàng) by the Chinese ... By virtue of its claim over all mainland Chinese territory, Tibet also has ...

Greece, Ancient Rome, Indus Valley Civilization, and China. Each of these ... accessible manifestation of a complex civilization that often seems enigmatic ...

Sea Peoples who threatened the Aegean civilization in the thirteenth century ... pirate fleets of East Asia were those of Chinese pirates during the mid-Qing ...

250 px|Mohenjo-daro of the Indus Valley Civilization in present-day Pakistan.]] Eridu, Uruk, and Ur. The Indus Valley Civilization and China are two other ...

be traced back to the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, which was succeeded in ... for the swans received as a gift from the Chinese government), Abdi Ipekci ...

Libraries have played a historic role in the advance of civilization ... of topics. Collections of Hebraica and Chinese and Japanese works were ...

Slavery has been a part of human civilization for thousands of years ... exchange for the blessings of European civilization, including Christianity. ...

in Ptolemaic Egypt were called koinon. The Chinese hanghui probably existed ... Islamic civilization evidenced the notion of guilds for the artisan—most ...

renovation and expansion. In 1984, Chinese-American architect Ieoh ... and expansion when the first plans by the Chinese-American architect Ieoh ...

structured ritual. Especially in the Chinese Chán Buddhism school (which ... (among other texts), many indigenous Chinese practices have been concerned ...

characteristics of Western civilization. His goal was to find ... Chinese civilization had no religious prophecy, nor a powerful priestly ...

role in the development of human civilization. Human scientific and ... air, water, and earth. For the ancient Chinese, there were five basic elements: ...

Nancy Steinhardt, Chinese Architecture (Princeton University Press ... * Knapp, Ronald G. Chinese Bridges: Living Architecture From China ...

in Korean society, an adoption of Chinese culture, and a golden age ... Korean dynasties, similar to Chinese dynasties, pass through a birth ...

The city was at the heart of a Buddhist civilization for centuries, with life ... countries. The statue of Buddha in the Chinese Temple is 200 years old ...

(Mozambique) and Mombasa, where he found Chinese traders, and Malindi (both ... had destroyed the Afro-Muslim Zendj civilization of East Africa that competed ...

JPG |thumb|Seals from the Indus Valley Civilization preserved at the British ... is often part of a repeating pattern. In Chinese, Korean, and Japanese art ...

by extensive adaptations from the Chinese, and also Chagatay Literature ... period as well as the Safavid dynasty, Chinese art and artists had a significant ...

and Greek thought. Conversely, Chinese society was founded on men ... Jr., eds. Technology in Western Civilization, Oxford University Press ...

For the civilization of China and its history see China ... control of Taiwan. The resumption of the Chinese Civil War led to the loss ...

and the countries of eastern Asia subject to Chinese cultural influence, such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam, use a naming system based on the five ...

and consequential artifacts of human civilization. It has played an enormous ... According to a Chinese court chronicle, in 105 C.E., the court official ...

), a Chinese immigrant entrepreneur who sailed to the Philippines ... Aside from indigenous Filipino and Chinese ancestry, recent genealogical ...

and seals found in the Indus Valley Civilization depict what appears to ... a new supplement on the Northern School of Chinese Zen. (Nanzan studies in ...

Bisexual behavior appears to have been common among Roman and Chinese ... *Crompton, Louis. Homosexuality and Civilization. London, 2003. ISBN ...

be defined as “spreading western civilization”—other problems emerge ... The attempt to spread western [i.e. donor] civilization across the ...

a cremation and burial. The role of a Chinese prince held hostage by Shapur ... * Lewis, Naphtali, and Meyer Reinhold. 1990. Roman civilization: selected ...

How The Catholic Church Built Western Civilization (Washington, DC: Regnery ... mathematical and astronomical works into Chinese and aroused the interest ...

Wu Hu (Chinese: 五胡; pinyin: Wǔ Hú; literally "Five Hu" ... 304, which resulted in the sacking of the Chinese capitals at Luoyang (311 ...

where she earned a diploma in French civilization at the Université de ... French President François Mitterrand, Chinese President Li Xiannian; Romanian ...

the highest achievement of Persian civilization, constituting the last ... from Persia frequently traveled to China. Chinese documents report on thirteen ...

by the rise of the Khmer Empire, a civilization which flourished in the ... official language. The remainder include Chinese one percent, Vietnamese ...

2007, there were an estimated 750,000 Chinese nationals working or living ... promotion of Western values and civilization, increasing conversion ...

For the civilization of China and its history see China. ... (PRC) officially, often called China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó; ...

the Tiananmen Square protest of 1989, Chinese student demonstrators in ... have used it as a setting, including Civilization II, Civilization IV, Rise ...

consider the "golden age" of Swahili civilization. ... Indian and Zanzibari cuisine, as well as Chinese, Thai, Turkish, Italian ...

*the Confucian canon of Chinese classic texts Thus the concept of a ... of human culture since the beginning of civilization. From the dawn of humanity ...

Budha, after the son of Chandra (the Moon). The Chinese, Koreans, Japanese, and Vietnamese cultures refer to the planet as the water star, based on ...

of their own, and our people and their civilization as a nation of savages ... lack of fairness or her contempt of our civilization and the principles on ...

or even on the timescale of human civilization, and the slow loss of ... habitats instead. They argue that a civilization that knows how to live ...

Korean tombs exhibit many styles borrowed by and from the Chinese, such as the styles of how the tombs were built and the use of the four guardian ...

Although only the United States, Soviet Union/Russian, and Chinese ... that promotes a spacefaring civilization. *[http://www.russianspaceweb ...

in the town of Yeha. The origin of this civilization is a point of contention ... This theory of the origin of Ethiopian civilization is being challenged ...

The highest peaks are in the Kakshaal-Too range, forming the Chinese ... ago. The first written records of a civilization in the area appear in ...

frontier in the north with the invading Chinese army of the Qing Dynasty ... to be stopped by negotiation with their Chinese counterparts. The Qing Dynasty ...

plague, but deliberately infected Chinese civilians and prisoners ... Manchuria, Unit 731 deliberately infected Chinese civilians and prisoners ...

as early as 100 B.C.E. - 50 B.C.E. The Chinese ”Nine Chapters on the ... as losses (in Flos). At the same time, the Chinese were indicating negative ...

should be noted, however, that Yang Hui, a Chinese mathematician of the Qin ... Will Durant, in his 11-volume, comprehensive The Story of Civilization ...

spans 4,000 years of Asian art. Every Asian civilization is represented in the Met's Asian department, and the pieces on display include every ...

It goes back to a very remote period of human civilization. There ... of the Aryan pantheon and the primitive Aryan civilization. ...

Arthur Waley's A Hundred and Seventy Chinese Poems, and at age seventeen ... the entire structure of what we call civilization, the scaffolding that ...

Greek religion, as well as Hinduism and Chinese folk religion. ... make use of the concept of Tao/Dao (in Chinese) or Do (in Japanese or Korean ...

Much of the extant evidence for Mahayana origins comes from early ... as evidenced by records left by three Chinese visitors to India. ...

to be written as three lines in Roman and Chinese numerals. This was the way ... third wave of change in post-industrial civilization after the Neolithic and ...

Mao Zedong, a Chinese communist leader developed what is called Maoism ... synthesis in the 1954 work Eros and Civilization). Their emphasis on the ...

items excavated from the Indus valley civilization include small carts, whistles ... [https://india.mrdonn.org/indus-dailylife.html Indus Valley Civilization ...

over his areas from neighboring Bactria. Chinese chronicles (the Hou Hanshu ... An indirect testimony by the Chinese explorer Zhang Qian, who visited ...

related to the Cumans or the Kipchaks. The Chinese term is Dada and is a comparatively ... or less cut off from the politics and civilization of the rest of the Islamic ...

has been purported to have been discovered by the Chinese emperor Shen Nung in 2737 B.C.E. Traditional stories tell that monks drank tea to stay awake ...

The Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang, who spent several months in Kanchipuram ... Chinese Song Dynasty reports record that an embassy from Chulian ...

of the astronomer Percival Lowell. In the Chinese, Japanese, and Korean languages ... the origin of the probes to any alien civilization that might in the future ...

rise of literacy in the Pharaonic-ruled civilization of ancient Egypt, which ... speak Arabic) who developed an ancient civilization in northeast Africa. ...

serpent nāga was equated with the lóng or Chinese dragon. The Aztec and Toltec serpent god Quetzalcoatl also has dragon like wings, like its equivalent ...

by living beyond the fringe of civilization. This almost biblical exile ... O'Keeffe's deep pleasure in Chinese and Japanese art and, indeed ...

quot; and eventually to modern civilization, Tylor believed that they ... to lure back this vagrant spirit. In Chinese tradition, when a person ...

found in present-day Sichuan. Most Chinese material is exported, but ... Dynasty.The Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences ...

this culture makes to modern civilization. [[Image:Lindisfarne StJohn ... astrological systems such as Western, Chinese or Vedic astrology.Peter ...

faith. Ancient Turks called it Sakit. The Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese ... human explorers find a dying Martian civilization, as well as Burroughs ...

archaeological site built by the Maya civilization located in the northern ... topped mound tombs in China. Most of these Chinese pyramids are ancient mausoleums ...

at least the second century. The Mayan civilization began a marked decline ... industry, and politics. Asians mostly of Chinese descent, and to a lesser ...

groups are the French, Germans, Lebanese and Chinese. ===Languages=== There is no official language at the federal level in Mexico. Spanish, however ...

A period follows in which the dominant civilization combines Greek ... html Weilue, by Yu Huan. A Third Century Chinese Account Composed between ...

*Nezha, Sun Wukong (the Monkey King) in Chinese mythology *Reynard the Fox in French folklore *Saci-Pererê in Brazilian folklore *San Martin ...

Greeks, Indian, Native Americans, and Chinese, who warmed their buildings ... source for heating is much older than civilization and is assumed to have ...

quot;). Venus was important to the Mayan civilization, who developed a religious calendar based in part upon its motions, and held the motions of Venus ...

America was part of the Mesoamerican civilization. The Native American societies ... the remainder claiming descendency from Chinese and East Indian indentured ...

In traditional Chinese history, history begins with three semi-mystical ... and sea cucumber are used in traditional Chinese medicine. ...

first written records of Japan appear in Chinese history texts from the first ... ==== Chinese chronicles ==== The Japanese first appear in written history ...

*Kenchoji Temple – Founded in 1253, Kenchoji highlights a Chinese ... shogunate, 1180-1185. Records of civilization: sources and studies, ...

[[Image:Tumbas ming1.JPG|thumb|250px|left|Traditional Chinese architecture inside the Ming Tombs]] The Ming Dynasty Tombs (Míng cháo shí sān ...

limited by the boundaries of Christian civilization, that it passes over the ... to convert many of the Native Americans, Chinese, and Indians to Catholicism ...

Middle Ages, and the importation of the Chinese-invented moldboard plow ... Middle East: Introduction to Islamic Civilization. Cambridge University ...

expedition to communicate with an alien civilization that devolves into a major ... English. Title translates to Mystery of the Chinese Room. ...

and by its contemporary Indus valley civilization, perhaps as early as the ... [[Image:ChineseIronPlow1637.jpg|thumb|A Chinese iron plow with curved ...

*Chinese astrology *Kabbalistic astrology *Mesoamerican astrology ... India through the classical Mayan civilization to medieval Europe. Given ...

Civilization has historically flourished around rivers and major waterways ... one of the five elements in traditional Chinese philosophy, along with earth ...

values and to construct a new world civilization permeated by tolerance ... Tagore (center, at right) visits with Chinese academics at Tsinghua University ...

and made Buddhism the state religion. The Chinese translation of the Buddhist ... "urban" center of Vedic civilization, as its focus moved east ...

Ancient Chinese and Indian texts talk of flying vehicles that are driven by either deities or people from far off lands.The UFO Phenomenon (Alexandria: ...

W. Meri, (ed.) 2005. Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia, vol ... (Iris) between Earth and Heaven. In Chinese mythology, the rainbow was ...

are an extension of Spanish culture and civilization, centered on Catholicism ... descent, but Koreans, Vietnamese, and Chinese soon followed. There are ...

5% South Asian, Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Chinese, Filipino, Thai, Westerners (2009)url=http://www.arabianbusiness.com/569648 |title=UAE population ...

In his Dream Pool Essays of 1088 C.E., the Song Dynasty polymath Chinese scientist Shen Kuo (1031-1095) wrote of the natural phenomenon of lightning ...

on a pair of male lovers, Qing Dynasty. Chinese Sexual Culture Museum in ... not identities. In more recent times, the Chinese society adopted the term ...

in Upper Egypt. The tree has been introduced into Chinese agriculture, and has become an important addition to Australia's farmers, and there are ...

Caribbean cultures. The Mesoamerican civilization was strengthened upon ... transplanted from the Americas by the Chinese during their great voyages ...

mostly descended from Réunionnaise. Chinese peoples are also present on Mayotte and parts of Grande Comore (especially Moroni). The islands are ...

the Silk Road. Before the Mongol invasion, Chinese dynasties reportedly had approximately 120 million inhabitants; after the conquest was completed ...

in view of these new crimes of Turkey against humanity and civilization ... would investigate whether seven former Chinese officials, including the ...

be a way back to the defence of western civilization against these things. ... Twitter, of Scruton talking about Soros, Chinese people and Islam, among ...

and religions, believing that their civilization and faith was superior ... Portuguese and the East] (in Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese and Thai) with ...

of fortune. Even a casual visit to a Chinese take-away will end with ... between the various positions found in Chinese Confucianism and those found ...

Garden: Thoreau and a New Vision for Civilization and Nature (Washington ... development of agriculture and further civilization allowed humans to affect ...

In this regard, some apologists cite the Chinese Ming Dynasty "Treasure ... wiped out the entire human race and its civilization, as the Bible teaches ...

as an allegory on the progress of civilization. These held a wide range ... by Leon Bakts' designs for ballet and Chinese scroll painting and after ...

to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which ... " The patterned Byzantine and Chinese silks available through ...

| Chinese numeral || 七，柒 |- | Devanāgarī || ७ ... of Numbers: How Mathematics Has Shaped Civilization. New York: Fawcett Columbine ...

*Chinese Garden, Zürich [http://www.stadt-zuerich.ch/internet/chg/home ... Documentary history of Western civilization. New York: Harper & ...

an important role in classical Greek civilization and came to be known as ... Nigerians, Indians, Romanians, Russians, Chinese and Gypsies from the Balkans. ...

them farther and farther away from the civilization into mountain solitudes ... housed around 15,000 monks prior to the Chinese invasion in 1959. Today ...

Gorgias and Plato in ancient Greek civilization. Thinkers such as Jean ... called allophones), whereas in Mandarin Chinese, the same difference in ...

There have been accusations that Chinese labor camps products have been sold in foreign countries with the profits going to the PRC government ...

led by Leif Eriksson c. 1000 C.E. and the Chinese to South America c. 1421 ... and religions within Western Civilization. Puritans settled in New ...

recovered form the Indus Valley Civilization suggest that goddess worship ... versa. Thus, at a very early period, the Chinese developed an empathetic ...

Sialk, Shahr-e Sukhteh, the Marlik civilization, the Luristan civilization ... 3200 B.C.E. with the Proto-Iranian civilization, followed by the Elamites ...

Moholo, mentioned by the seventh century Chinese traveler Xuanzang, may be ... century B.C.E. (the Indus Valley Civilization being the first wave) ...

only by the Persian Empire and by the Chinese Empire. At an early period ... military, and architecture upon Western civilization remains to the present day. ...

|right|250px|The distinctive civilization of Sri Lanka can be traced ... has studied documentation that shows Chinese admiral Zheng He and his ...

flutes or recorders have been found in Chinese archeological sites. ... Around 500 C.E., western civilization was plunged into the "The ...

In spite of the apparent immutability of the heavens, Chinese astronomers were aware that new stars could appear.D.H. Clark and F.R. Stephenson ...

Furthest") bordering today's Chinese Turkestan. ... with the flourishing of Hellenistic civilization throughout the Middle ...

The Slavs: Their Early History and Civilization] (Boston, MA: American ... Principally simplified Chinese encodings, but there are also the basic ...

the “Hun” and the threat to world civilization, against which God had ... the German coaling port of Qingdao in the Chinese Shandong peninsula. Within ...

Archaic Complexes] Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation. Retrieved ... German populations, and smaller numbers of Chinese, Italian, First Nations ...

lavatore in Italian, huànxióng (浣熊) in Chinese, and mieshta mechka (миеща мечка) in Bulgarian. In French and Portuguese (in Portugal ...

robbed the Tashilhunpo Monastery. Alarmed, the Chinese emperor Qianlong dispatched a sizeable army which forced the Nepalese to retreat and pay heavy ...

), which holds a seminal place in Chinese literature, has a Buddhist ... providing transport on its Soyuz and the Chinese Shenzhou being the only ...

Fisk, Robert. The Great War for Civilization, Fourth Estate, 2005, p794. ... victory resulted in an overall change in Chinese military thinking and began ...

form of "tu-kin", name given by the Chinese to the people living south of the Altay Mountains of Central Asia as early as 177 B.C.E.; and ...

Foucault in his book Madness and Civilization documented the history ... Michel Foucault's Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity ...

(122 C.E.-130 C.E.) marked the frontier of Roman civilization. ... English diet was transformed. Indian and Chinese cuisine in particular were ...

numbers of Asian-Spaniards, most of whom are from Chinese, Filipino, Middle Eastern, Pakistani and Indian origins; Spaniards of Latin American descent ...