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In Hinduism, the purusarthas (Sanskrit: पà¥à¤°à¥à¤·-अरà¥à¤¥) are the four main aims of life for Twice-born Hindu males. These teleological life-goals include both mundane and spiritual aspects providing a holistic understanding of life in all its capacities. The aims start from lower to higher thereby providing a graduated scheme of aspirations for Hindus to regulate and structure their ethical behavior and life direction. In living tradition, the notion of the four purusarthas represents a comprehensive approach to the satisfaction of a person's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.
In China, girls' feet were bound so the arch was forced upward, resulting in a "lotus foot" (source: Foot binding)