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Federalist Paper No. 54 is an essay by James Madison or Alexander Hamilton, the fifty-fourth of The Federalist Papers. It was first published by The New York Packet on February 12, 1788 under the pseudonym Publius, the name under which all The Federalist papers were published. The primary concern of the paper regards the inclusion of slaves in the proposed apportionment, defending the Three-fifths Compromise adopted by the Constitutional Convention that slaves should be represented with mixed characteristics, as both property and person.

Women's History Month is an annual declared month that highlights the contributions of women to events in history and contemporary society. It is celebrated during March in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, corresponding with International Women's Day on March 8, and during October in Canada, corresponding with the celebration of Persons Day on October 18. The commemoration began in 1978 as "Women's History day" and was recognized as a national week (1980) and then month (1987) in the United States, and finally spreading internationally.