Search results for "President of the People's Republic of China" - New World Encyclopedia

, also known as Madame Sun Yat-sen, was one of the most prominent women in ... In September, 1949, when the Communists founded the People’s Republic ...

1969) was a Chinese Communist leader and President of the People's Republic ... Liu Shaoqi was a main ideologue of the Chinese Communist Party, and ...

Mínzú), is a Chinese term that refers to the modern notion of a Chinese ... The roots of the Zhonghua minzu lie in the multi-ethnic Qing Empire ...

; ca 1897 – October 23, 2003) was the youngest of the three Soong ... Her experiences in the United States made her an able spokeswoman ...

politician. From 1946 to 1952 he was the first official Secretary-General ... organize multinational troops to respond to the invasion of Korea in 1950 ...

His philological works include Wen Shi (文始 "The Origin of ... An activist as well as scholar, he produced a great amount of political ...

The Temple of Heaven, literally the Altar of Heaven ( t=天壇|s=天坛 ... ; Manchu: Abkai mukdehun) is a complex of Taoist buildings situated ...

leader and statesman. He is regarded as the founder of the Chinese Red ... Zhu De participated in the Revolution of 1911, then became an officer ...

The Allied Powers were a group of countries (also known as the Allies ... The Second World War's opposing alliances pitted strong democracies ...

Chinese playwright, often regarded as China's most important of ... and Peking Man (1940). It is largely through the efforts of Cao Yu that modern ...

relationship with North Korea, Russia, China, Japan, and the United States ... In the midst of that awful tension, shrugging off a humiliating experience ...

known under various other names, including the stage name Lan Ping (Chinese: ... On November 22, 1966, Jiang Qing was named first vice-chairwoman of ...

military official and politician during the late Qing Dynasty and the ... Yuan is criticized in Chinese culture for taking advantage of both ...

The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT), also often translated ... Together with the People First Party ( 親民黨) and Chinese New ...

*For the history of the Korea before its division, see History of Korea. The History of South Korea formally begins with the establishment ...

The Gang of Four ( s=四人帮|t=四人幫|p=Sì rén bāng ) was a group of Chinese Communist Party leaders in the People's ...

and government official from Sichuan, China. Guo Moruo studied at Sixth Higher School and the Medical School of ...

and political leader often referred to as the "father of modern China ... Although Sun Yat-sen is considered one of the greatest leaders of ...

Resolution 82 was a measure adopted by the United Nations Security Council ... The Korean Peninsula had been divided between occupation forces of ...

laureate, statesman, scholar, and author of books and articles on U.S. ... A proponent of realpolitik (or the realist school of international ...

22, 1951) was an American sociologist, one of first sociologists who pursued ... human beings as essential socially beings, the understanding of whose interactions ...

A former Portuguese colony, Angola, known formally as the Republic ... reserves. Angolan culture reflects centuries of Portuguese influence, namely ...

Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan (February 4, 1917 – August 10, 1980) was ... to maintain national unity or to resolve the ongoing dispute with India ...

Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was one of the ... During the Chinese Civil War (1926–1949), Chiang attempted to eradicate ...

military leader who was instrumental in the communist victory in the Chinese ... After the establishment of the People's Republic in October 1949 ...

– January 12, 1983) was a Soviet statesman who served as the Chairman ... In 1930, Podgorny became a member of the ruling Communist Party of ...

(April 13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania (previously ... He also battled the International Monetary Fund over the issue of ...

The World Factbook (ISSN 1553-8133 ; also known as the CIA World Factbook)Central Intelligence Agency ...

Thelma Catherine Ryan Nixon (March 16, 1912 – June 22, 1993) was ... Nixon was always supportive of her husband even during the troubled ...

The division of Korea into North Korea and South Korea stems from ... The Korean War (1950-1953) and its Armistice Agreement left the two ...

Immediately following the truce ending the Korean war, South Korea ... North Koreans have continued to defect, with many being caught during ...

| image =Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon 1960 (cropped ... | order =Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | term_start = | term_end = ...

The Historic Center of Macau ( O Centro Histórico de Macau ... ) is a collection of more than twenty monuments and sites in Macao ...

The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville or the ... offshore reserves has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, which ...

diplomat and conservative politician. He was the fourth secretary-general of ... Prior to serving as UN secretary general, Waldheim was a member of ...

politician and reformer, and a recent leader of the Communist Party of China ... Inheriting the social and institutional problems left over from the ...

authority, is an entity responsible for the money of its country or of ... Though the primary purpose of a central bank is to act as a financial ...

philosopher and reformist who is considered the foremost intellectual leader ... Liang believed that journalism had an important role in educating ...

The Prague Spring (Czech: Pražské jaro, Slovak: Pražská jar) was ... The term Prague Spring was coined by Western media after the event ...

The Republic of Benin is a sliver of a country in West Africa, the ... The history of the tribes and peoples who inhabited this gateway to ...

Sukarno (June 6, 1901 – June 21, 1970) was the first President of ... The spelling "Sukarno" has been official in Indonesia since ...

The Chinese Civil War ( t=國共內戰|s=国共内战|p=Guógòng Neìzhàn ... ), which lasted from April 1927 to May 1950, was a war in China between ...

North Korea claims to possess nuclear weapons, and the CIA asserts ... The world community left the MAD (Mutually Assured Destruction) world ...

, Hanyu Pinyin: bào'ēnsì, English: Temple of Thanksgiving ... were added. In addition, features making the temple convenient and safe ...

The Republic of Palau is located in the Pacific Ocean some 300 miles ... The Republic of Palau consists of eight principal islands and more ...

) is the largest city, and the administrative, communications, and ... textiles and soap. Bujumbura, situated on the northeastern shore of Lake ...

Botswana, officially the Republic of Botswana, is a landlocked nation ... The original inhabitants of southern Africa were the Bushmen (San ...

The Axis Powers is a term for those participants in World War II opposed ... On September 18, 1931, Manchuria was an object of Japanese invasion ...

The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 was a conference organized by the ... . Much of the work of the Conference involved deciding which of the ...

The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, better known simply as ... The Cultural Revolution was initiated by Party Chairman Mao Zedong ...

located in East Asia with a population of nearly three million. Mongolia ... Mongolia was the center of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century ...

was a Korean independence activist and one of the early leaders of the Korean ... Many consider Ahn Chang-ho to be one of the key moral and philosophical ...

:For the history of Korea before its division, see History of Korea. The history of North Korea formally begins with the establishment ...

; born June 13, 1944) is a South Korean diplomat who was the eighth ... On October 13, 2006, he was elected as the eighth Secretary-General ...

Kenneth David Kaunda, (April 28, 1924 - June 17, 2021) served as the ... From the time he became President until his fall from power in 1991 ...

with Chang Ta-ch'ien, he was one of the last of the great traditional ... He is perhaps the most noted contemporary Chinese painter for the ...

The City of Vigan is the capital city of the province of Ilocos Sur ... Vigan constitutes the best example of a Spanish colonial town in the ...

The Juche Ideology (Juche Sasang 주체사상 in Korean; or Chuch ... Juche theory is a type of Marxism ideology, but it is built upon the ...

politician, and stateswoman. She was the first woman in Canadian history ... Sauvé's main objective was to see to the fulfillment of national ...

East Timor, officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-L'este ... Despite its natural resources, East Timor has the lowest per capita ...

The Republic of Costa Rica ("Rich Coast") is a country in ... Costa Rica is also at the forefront of conservation and environmental ...

The Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM Treaty or ABMT) was a treaty ... Only two ABM systems have previously been operational against ICBMs: ...

Extradition is the official process by which one nation or state requests ... not be considered such in another. However, the basic effort on the part of ...

The Central African Republic is a landlocked country in Central Africa ... The Central African Republic that is one of the poorest countries ...

Tenzin Gyatso (born July 6, 1935) is the fourteenth Dalai Lama, and ... After the collapse of the Tibetan resistance movement in 1959, Tenzin ...

:"Fall of Communism" redirects here. For the fall of the ... The Revolutions of 1989 refers to the collapse of Communism in Eastern ...

revolutionary. Although he was successful in the traditional Confucian system ... Chen was a founder of the Chinese Communist Party (1920) and was selected ...

South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK), (Korean: 대한민국, ... ) has existed for nearly 60 years, built on the foundation of a 5 ...

Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern ... slaves and later contract laborers from the Dutch East Indies and India ...

Rwanda, officially the Republic of Rwanda, is a small landlocked country ... The country is infamous for the 1994 genocide that resulted in the ...

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen ... The protests were sparked by the death of pro-market and pro-democracy ...

The foreign policy of the United States is officially conducted by ... The officially stated goals of the foreign policy of the United States ...

Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 – April 22, 1994) was the ... Nixon is noted for his diplomatic foreign policy, especially with ...

Myanmar - swift and strong (from the native words, myan meaning swift ... this nation is the largest in Southeast Asia, and has a population ...

thumb|200px|The Paramore family mausoleum in the [[Bellefontaine and Calvary ... constructed as a monument that encloses the interment space or burial ...

Vietnam officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a nation in ... American involvement in the war between the communist North Vietnamese ...

Détente is a French term, meaning a relaxing or easing; the term ... The two sides in the Cold War, the NATO powers and the Warsaw Pact ...

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked ... On taking power, the communist government imposed a Soviet-style command ...

The White House is the residence and official office of the president ... The White House is well known throughout the world as a symbol of ...

; Tamil: கொழும்பு) is the largest city and commercial ... than 2,000 years. However, it only became the capital of the nation after ...

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of ... Senegal, though poor, has a tradition of political stability and peaceful ...

The American Anti-Imperialist League was established in the United ... Was U.S. intervention in 1898 disinterested altruism in support of ...

Gwangjong (광종 光宗) (949 – 975) was the fourth Emperor of ... Gwangjong eliminated many of his powerful rivals by sending them to ...

The Marshall Islands, officially the Republic of the Marshall Islands ... The country consists of twenty-nine atolls and five isolated islands ...

(June 4, 1867 – January 28, 1951) was the Commander-in-Chief of Finland ... Mannerheim is given much of the credit for successfully steering the ...

Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin (February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007) was ... Yeltsin was blamed for many of the problems of this period. By the ...

Djibouti, officially the Republic of Djibouti, is a small country ... Djibouti's main advantage is its strategic location near the ...

crime and its penalty; or grant clemency, or the lessening of the punishment ... Public debate invariable surrounds the pardoning of a criminal, despite ...

Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelago ... to rule, dominating politics by its control of every aspect of the society ...

known as a tank tactician and an advocate of the concentrated use of armored ... 1958, he inspired a new constitution and was the Fifth Republic's first ...

company, headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company's businesses ... Toshiba was formed in 1939, by the merger of Toshiba of Shibaura Seisakusho ...

Réunion is an island, located in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar ... It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which are volcanic in origin; ...

The March First Movement, or the Samil Movement (in Korean, samil ... The March First demonstrations established the high-water mark in ...

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island nation ... did not cease until he threw his crown into the water. He sailed to the closest ...

The Panama Canal ( Canal de Panamá ) is a major ship canal that traverses the Isthmus of Panama in Central ...

This article focuses on the civilization of China and its history ... China ( t=中國|s=中国|hp=Zhōngguó|tp=Jhongguó ) is a cultural ...

impressions thereof that are used in lieu of signatures in personal documents ... Seals are typically made of stone, sometimes of wood, bamboo, plastic ...

Mayotte is an overseas department and region of France consisting ... Mayotte is located at the northern end of the Mozambique Channel in ...

Guinea-Bissau, officially the Republic of Guinea-Bissau, is one of ... After a protracted war for independence, then decades of socialist ...

(January 1, 1907 – November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet ... However, the USSR may have over-reached itself during his watch. While ...

body or creed officially endorsed by the state. In some countries more ... The degree and nature of state backing for a denomination or creed ...

” or “Kirghizia”), officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked ... The name "Kyrgyz," both for the people and for the nation ...

The Czech Republic also known by its short-form name, Czechia, is ... As Czechoslovakia, independence was gained after World War I, but ...

fish, shellfish, or other aquatic organisms. The activity of catching the aquatic ... The focus of a fishery may be fish, but the definition is expanded ...

Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay, is a landlocked country ... A small, landlocked country located in the heart of South America ...

- ) is an American politician who served as the 52nd speaker of the United ... With her election as Speaker, Pelosi became the first female Speaker ...

The term enemy of the people or enemy of the nation, is a term used ... Totalitarian governments like the Soviet Union made extensive use ...

The Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized Church ... From its headquarters in Independence, Missouri, the church places ...

Cloud seeding, a form of weather modification, is the attempt to change ... Silver iodide and dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) are the most commonly ...

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country ... Yet the nation is on the verge of collapse. Under the leadership of ...

The Islamic Republic of Mauritania, or Mauritania, is a country in ... Mauritania is a land dominated by sand and barren soil located on ...

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is the most populous ... On October 1, 1960, Nigeria declared its independence from the United ...

) is a Japanese trading company and one of the largest sogo shosha ... Marubeni's name combines the Japanese words for "circle ...

The Qing Dynasty; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu ... During its reign, the Qing Dynasty consolidated its grip on China ...

Shanghai, situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is China ... and parking lots for automobiles, north of the foreign concessions. During ...

| order=38th President of the United States | date1=August 9, 1974 ... | date of birth=July 14, 1913 | place of birth=Omaha, Nebraska ...

and leader, a Yoruba Chief, and native of Ikenne in the Ogun State of ... Awolowo was well aware that the challenge of holding Nigeria's ...

Nauru (pronounced “now-roo”), officially the Republic of Nauru ... economic activity since 1907 has been the export of phosphate mined ...

Ludwig Gumplowicz is believed to have coined the term "ethnocentrism" ... Ethnocentrism is the tendency to look at the world primarily from ...

George Herbert Walker Bush (June 12, 1924 - November 30, 2018) was ... During the final days of the Cold War, he was responsible for managing ...

Niger, officially the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked sub-Saharan ... Niger was an important economic crossroad, and the empires of Songhai ...

Middle school, also known as Junior High school, is a school in the ... The middle school years are a significant time in compulsory schooling ...

The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, commonly referred ... depth and has been subjected to a number of external influences and migrations ...

The Philippines, officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ... Philippine culture has many affinities with the West: It is one of ...

Guyana, officially the Cooperative Republic of Guyana, is the only ... Guyana is the third smallest country on the mainland of South America ...

The Korean War is the name given to a civil war between the nations ... Each side wanted to unite the Korean peninsula under its own political ...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, [http://www.aseansec.org/64 ... AH-see-ahn in English (the official language of the bloc) ...

politician and scientist who served as the chancellor of Germany from ... Merkel was considered by Forbes Magazine to be the "most powerful ...

New Caledonia, or Nouvelle-Calédonie, is an overseas territory of ... New Caledonia's capital, Nouméa, is the seat of the Secretariat ...

– May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress ... As the son of the wealthy Indian barrister and politician Motilal ...

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was created after World ... The Security Council requires all five permanent members to agree ...

national, ethnic, racial, or religious group of people either entirely or a ... Genocide has been deemed criminal by the United Nations, as well as ...

Kiribati, officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation ... Some of the bloodiest fighting of the Pacific campaign of the Second ...

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country ... From 1991 to 2002, the country suffered greatly under the devastating ...

Zambia, officially the Republic of Zambia, is a landlocked country ... In 1895 the name "Rhodesia" was applied to the Ndebele territory ...

For the Republic of China see Taiwan. For the civilization of China and its history see China. ...

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, or Pakistan, is a country located ... Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world. It also ...

January 25, 1982) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served ... Born in rural Russia in 1902, Suslov became a member of the All-Union ...

Not to be confused with the People's Republic of China For the civilization of China and its history see China ...

Censorship is the editing, removing, or otherwise changing speech ... While humankind remains self-centered and unable to develop a world ...

(April 20, 1808 – January 9, 1873) was the first President of the French ... been solely due to his own moral failings. The leaders and the people of ...

28, 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.) is one of the world's foremost exemplary ... Confucius taught personal and public morality, correctness of social ...

has led to violent attacks against the clergy, vandalism against ... Often directed against the Catholic Church and clergy, anti-clericalism ...

The Second Sino-Japanese War (July 7, 1937-September 9, 1945) was ... Although the two countries had fought intermittently since 1931, full ...

The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (香港特別行政區 ... (香|香 港|港), is one of the two special administrative regions ...

Helen Elizabeth Clark (born February 26, 1950) was the 37th Prime ... Loosing the 2008 election, she was appointed foreign affairs spokeswoman. ...

Luanda (formerly spelled Loanda) is the capital and largest city of ... came under Portuguese rule in 1575, and was the Atlantic slave trade center ...

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is an island nation in the Windward ... The islands' proximity to South America has influenced its culture ...

Neoconservatism is a political philosophy that emerged in the United ... The term neoconservative was originally used as a criticism against ...

(Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ... The location of human and pre-human habitation dating back two million ...

This article deals with the government-funded school provided for ... or local government agencies as part of public education, are the most ...

non-governmental organization (NGO) with the stated purpose of campaigning ... and was shocked and angered to come across the story of two Portuguese students ...

The Berlin Wall (German: Berliner Mauer), an iconic symbol of the ... Conceived by the East German administration of Walter Ulbricht and ...

, earlier known as Saloth Sar, was leader of the Communist movement known ... After joining the Communist movement while a student in France and ...

The terms Hmong (IPA: [m̥ɔ̃ŋ] ) and Mong ( [mɔ̃ŋ] ) both refer to an Asian ethnic group in the mountainous regions of ...

was a North Korean politician who served as the second Supreme Leader of North ... In the early 1980s, Kim had become the heir apparent for the leadership ...

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly-landlocked ... Located in the heart of Central Asia between the Amu Darya (Oxus) ...

March 2, 1931 - August 30, 2022) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 ... Gorbachev was wildly popular in the West, largely because of the way ...

The Comoros (officially the Union of the Comoros) is an island nation ... The Comoros is notable for its diverse culture and history, as a nation ...

The Soviet War in Afghanistan was a nine-year period involving the ... The initial Soviet deployment of the 40th Army in Afghanistan began ...

The term digital divide refers to the gap between people with effective ... Various organizations and institutions including the United Nations ...

Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy, which studies fundamental ... existing or possible theories and practices of social, political matters, ...

Seoul, the capital of South Korea, sits on the Han River (Korea) in ... Seoul, one of the world's most densely populated major cities ...

Freedom of speech is the ability to speak without censorship or limitation ... Freedom of speech is a key factor in the spread of information in ...

who served as Bundeskanzler (Chancellor) of West Germany from 1974 to 1982 ... Through such international bodies as the Inter Action Council, Schmidt ...

29, 1932 - September 26, 2019) served as the President of France from May ... His internal policies included lower tax rates, the removal of price ...

Neocolonialism is a term used by post-colonial critics of developed ... ) and a critique of modern capitalist businesses involvement in nations ...

(May 21, 1944 - ) was the first female President of Ireland, serving ... political office. Robinson resigned the presidency four months ahead ...

At the Fifteenth Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet ... To oversee the radical transformation of the Soviet Union, the party ...

French Guiana is an overseas department of France, located on the ... Its population of 202,000, most of whom live along the coast, is very ...

), is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand ... Samarkand revolted against its Mongol rulers in 1365, and became the ...

; a metropolis in northern China, is the capital of the People's ... Since its establishment in 723 B.C.E., Beijing has served as the capital ...

The Bangladesh War of Independence or the Bangladesh Liberation War ... Pakistan's partition from India in 1947 had arisen from the ...

East Asia was one of the last areas to receive Christianity, beginning ... Korean history has long included elements of Shamanism, Confucianism ...

Christianity in China (called 基督教 Jī dū jiào, or Christ religion ... The Nestorians were accepted in China because of their ability to ...

different Republican presidents and is one of only two people to have held ... In 1970, he became the first director of the Office of Management ...

goff), was an Australian former politician and 21st Prime Minister ... However, despite the brevity of his premiership, his government left ...

organization based on common control of the means of production as ... A major force in world politics since the early twentieth century ...

The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the ... French Union forces included colonial troops from the whole former ...

discrimination baring his advance in the department of agriculture ... Woo Jang-choon was born at a difficult time in Korean history, at ...

as "Kan-Yu" which means 'The Law of Heaven and Earth.’ ... Feng shui is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement ...

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ... Arab geographers, for over a thousand years the island was ruled by independent ...

monthly) since August 28, 1845, making it the oldest continuously published ... are explained to a wider audience. In the past, scientists interested ...

The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a lunar ... After Jesuits introduced Western astronomy into China during the seventeenth ...

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island nation ... attract upscale tourists. Though it was once the home of the extinct dodo bird ...

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in South America ... power from September 1973 to March 1990, the country has been relatively ...

Leroy Eldridge Cleaver (August 31, 1935 – May 1, 1998) was a leader ... In his book, Soul on Fire, he renounced many of his former attitudes ...

in Eastern Europe that borders Russia to the north and east, Ukraine to ... The history of Belarus is a story of domination by foreign powers ...

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country that ... Historians believe the vast steppes of Kazakhstan were where humans ...

– September 11, 1971) assumed leadership of the Soviet Union during the ... Khrushchev is remembered for his rejection of the “personality cult” ...

The Oriental Republic of Uruguay, or Uruguay, is a country located ... Its geographic position as a small, wedge-shaped country between the ...

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a mountainous ... An Islamic nation, it is home mainly to the Tajiks, who share culture ...

The Vietnam War was a military conflict in which communist forces ... The chief cause of the war cause was Ho Chi Minh’s desire to establish ...

) is the capital and the largest city of Nepal, and is situated in ... Founded in 723, Kathmandu was ruled by the Malla Dynasty from the ...

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest ... among different ethnic groups has been part of the country's history ...

) (June 28, 1921 – December 23, 2004) presided as the twelfth Prime ... He led one of the most important administrations in India's modern ...

The Rhodesian Bush War, also known as the Second Chimurenga or the ... policy that has rewarded veterans of the Bush War with farms previously ...

The Democratic Republic of the Congo, often referred to as DRC or ... Formerly the colony of Belgian Congo, the country's post-independence ...

The Law Library of the United States Congress was established in 1832 ... The Libray has been guided by the "belief that universal access ...

ethnic or religious groups, civilians of a critical war-zone, or other ... Ever since the Nazi concentration camps were discovered, the term ...

This article is an overview of the history of Korea, up to the division ... The Korean peninsula has been inhabited since Lower Paleolithic times ...

Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions ... There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, ...

was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from ... Bhutto was executed in 1979 for allegedly authorizing the murder of ...

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ... The history of North Korea formally began with the establishment of ...

Operation Gibraltar, the name given to Pakistan's failed plan ... The operation proved significant as it sparked a large scale military ...

Latvia (historically Lattonia, Lettonia, or Lettland), officially ... Latvia shares land borders with Estonia to the north and Lithuania ...

Omar Nelson Bradley KCB (February 12, 1893 – April 8, 1981) was ... Bradley was the first official Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff ...

KaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|right|250px|A rally of the trade union UNISON in Oxford ... Strikes are suspensions of work against an employer, factory, industry ...

Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements ... Socialism developed as a political ideology in the nineteenth century ...

France had colonial possessions, in various forms, from the beginning ... Currently, the remnants of this large empire are various islands and ...

was a Polish-born Israeli statesman. He was the ninth President of Israel ... First elected to the Knesset in November 1959, Peres served continuously ...

[[File:Ghetto (Venice) Panorama.jpg|thumb|400px|The main square of ... commonly involuntarily with varying degrees of enforcement by the dominant ...

located in Houston, Texas. It is the fifth largest private sector ... The history of ConocoPhillips encompasses the entire history of the ...

11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was President of the Philippines from ... Marcos initially had laudable intentions: to improve the economy, ...

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island nation ... The adjective (language, ethnicity and citizenship) derived from Madagascar ...

director, actor, and composer. He received the Nobel Prize for Literature ... Fo was associated with liberal and socialist causes. His most famous ...

The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia, the successor ... extraction begins in 2009 or early 2010, the oil revenues could have a ...

Nepal, known officially as the State of Nepal, is a landlocked Himalayan ... Although the country is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, who ...

Education City, Qatar. Cornell is a member of the Ivy League, and prides ... Established in 1865, Cornell was non-sectarian from the beginning ...

The Suez Crisis (known as the Suez War or 1956 War, commonly known ... The Suez Canal had been important in Iran and the colonial penetration ...

The League of Nations was an international organization founded as ... After a number of notable successes and some early failures in the ...

The Second Sudanese Civil War started in 1983, largely a continuation ... Roughly two million people died as a result of war, famine, and disease ...

a person or organization as an expression of protest or as a means of economic ... ==Origin of the term== The word boycott entered the English language ...

Herbert Clark Hoover (August 10, 1874 – October 20, 1964), the 31st ... Hoover took office in 1929, amid high hopes for the country and his ...

A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader, is the veneration ... A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis, except that it is ...

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country located ... Colombia is the 26th largest nation in the world and the fourth-largest ...

Dublin is both the largest city and capital of the Republic of Ireland ... Long the seat of culture within Ireland, it has been at the center ...

Liberty Enlightening the World (French: La liberté éclairant le ... The statue depicts a woman, standing upright, dressed in a flowing ...

Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), ... The country, which by the end of the twentieth century resembled that ...

Gaborone is the capital and largest city of the landlocked nation ... Gaborone lies in a flat valley between Kgale and Oodi Hills, on the ...

The Sudan (officially Republic of Sudan) is a country in Northeast ... Military regimes have dominated Sudanese politics since the country ...

April 28, 1889 – July 27, 1970), served as the Prime Minister and de facto ... Franco, some regard him as champion of traditional values, including ...

The Communist Party USA, formally known as the Communist Party United ... In the late 1920s, the party was shaken by internal factionalism when ...

entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( December 1, 1918,–April 17, 1941), also ...

31, 1984) nee Nehru) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 ... Daughter of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and ...

Sunda Kelapa, Jayakarta and Batavia is the capital and largest city of ... Jakarta faces many of the challenges of large cities in developing ...

James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) was ... As President, his major accomplishments included the consolidation ...

and politician, who, in 1957, became the first Canadian to receive ... universal health care, student loans, the Canada Pension Plan and Canada ...

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty ... Truman, whose personal style contrasted sharply with that of the patrician ...

The political integration of India established a united nation for ... When the Indian independence movement succeeded in ending the British ...

for over 61 years, writing a wide variety of plays, including The Crucible ... Miller was often in the public eye, most famously for refusing to ...

in Central Asia that until 1991, was part of the Soviet Union as the Turkmen ... With one-half of its irrigated land planted in cotton, Turkmenistan ...

The Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), constitute an elite group ... program with a successful implimentation of that plan to create one of ...

political leader in East Pakistan and the founding leader of Bangladesh ... rose in East Pakistani politics and within the ranks of the Awami League ...

A poll tax, or head tax, is a tax of a uniform, fixed amount per ... There are several famous cases of poll taxes in history, notably a ...

The Laotian Civil War (1962-1975) was an internal fight between the ... The fighting in Laos included significant participation by North Vietnamese ...

compact automobiles, a full range of motorcycles, All-Terrain Vehicles ... Suzuki, begun in 1909 as a manufacturer of wooden looms, has been ...

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic, is a Southern European ... The Italian Republic shares its northern alpine boundary with France ...

physician, Marxist, politician, and leader of Cuban and internationalist ... Some time later, Guevara became a member of Fidel Castro's paramilitary ...

The United Nations (or simply UN) is an international organization ... As an organization of governments designed to prevent war between ...

Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a coastal Alpine ... Slovenia has been part of the Roman Empire, the Duchy of Karantania ...

The Japanese city of Hiroshima|広島市|Hiroshima-shi is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the ...

The City of Manila (Filipino: Lungsod ng Maynila), or simply Manila ... The name Manila comes from may nilad, Tagalog for "there is nilad ...

|caption =Keating Hall with Edwards Parade in the foreground ... Fordham University is a private university in the United States, with ...

military leader, and from 1967 to 1998 the second President of Indonesia ... and died at 86 years old in Jakarta in 2008. The legacy of Suharto's presidency ...

was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as the Premier ... During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Kosygin was a member ...

Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment ... Partly, decolonization was overseen by the United Nations, with UN ...

1916 – July 17, 2005) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1970 ... Although he refused appointment as Ambassador to the United States ...

revolutionary and a founding father of the People's Republic ... Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a ...

13, 1925 - April 8, 2013) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 ... One of the most significant British politicians in recent political ...

Jeep is an automobile marque (and registered trademark) of Chrysler ... It was use by the United States military during World War I that brought ...

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (abbreviated UDHR) is a ... Eleanor Roosevelt, first chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights ...

New Year's, is observed on January 1, the first day of the year on the ... Celebrations often include large displays of fireworks at midnight ...

Tibet, called “Bod” by Tibetans, or 西藏 (Xīzàng) by the Chinese ... The Tibetan Empire came into existence in the seventh century when ...

), Kazakhstan's former capital, is the scientific, cultural, ... The city came under Soviet rule in 1918. During World War II, it accommodated ...

Hatch's 42-year Senate tenure made him the longest-serving Republican ... Hatch chaired the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and ...

American exceptionalism has been historically referred to as the belief ... The difference is often expressed in American circles as some categorical ...

The Maluku Islands (also known as the Moluccan Islands) are an archipelago ... The Maluku Islands are located on the Australian Plate, lying east ...

The Boer Wars were fought between British and Dutch settlers of the ... But a new imperial policy arose in England. It aimed to bring the ...

Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina and its largest city. It ... Buenos Aires is the center of the Argentina's government, commerce ...

2015) was an Australian politician who was the 22nd Prime Minister of Australia ... and in some respects, colonial view of Australia and of Australian ...

The Khmer Rouge was the ruling political party of Cambodia—which ... Pol Pot died April 15, 1998, having never been put on trial. The atrocities ...

The United States of America—also referred to as the United States ... or (archaically) Columbia–is a federal republic of 50 states and ...

Guadeloupe is an archipelago located in the eastern Caribbean Sea ... Slave labor brought from Africa to work the sugarcane fields in the ...

Nagaland (Hindi: नागालैंड) is a state of India located ... Nagaland has played a crucial role in the development of the Republic ...

is Japan's second largest island and the largest, northernmost, and ... Hokkaidō did not officially become part of Japan until 1868, and ...

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (December 25, 1924 - August 16, 2018) was the ... in his native language, Hindi. His vision of India was that of an ancient ...

Since the creation of the separate states of India and Pakistan in ... Tension between the two nations remains high and both possess nuclear ...

Academic freedom is the freedom of teachers, students, and academic ... Proponents of academic freedom believe that the freedom of inquiry ...

Riga the capital city of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast ... The Historic Centre of Riga has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage ...

, (pronounced Tsoo Shee) popularly known in China as the West Dowager Empress ... During the last decades of the Qing Dynasty, the government was split ...

April 10, 1912 – November 4, 1993) is the dharma name of a Korean Seon ... Born Lee Young Joo in Korea on April 10, 1912, Seongcheol was the ...

The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago is an archipelagic state in the ... Originally settled by Amerindians of South American origin at least ...

Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country in western South ... When the Spanish landed in 1531, the Inca empire extended over a vast ...

A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a ... The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic ...

Sales tax is a consumption tax charged at the point of purchase for ... tax attempts to achieve this by charging the tax only on the final end ...

Athens (ancient Greek: αἱ Ἀθῆναι (plural), evolving into ... : singular see below: Origin of the name ) is both the largest and ...

Raffles (July 6, 1781 – July 5, 1826) was the founder of the city of Singapore ... Raffles was born on the ship Ann off the coast of Jamaica. Little ...

Nuclear power is a type of nuclear technology involving the controlled ... The use of nuclear power has also engendered much debate. Critics ...

01.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Pyramid of the Moon in Tenochtitlán, ... society, in which people live in groups of settled dwellings comprising ...

Afghānistān, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto ... fought. Invaders and conquerors included the Persian Empire, Alexander ...

also spelled "Djawa") is an island of Indonesia and the site of its ... Formed mostly as the result of volcanic events, Java is the 12th largest ...

At the end of the Second World War, a ravaged Japan was occupied by ... The U.S. ended its occupation in part to bolster its efforts in the ...

For the bird, see Turkey (bird) native_name = {{native ... Turkey, known officially as the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ...

World War II, also WWII, or the Second World War, was a global military ... The Allies were initially made up of Poland, the British Empire, France ...

The Iran-Iraq War, also called the First Persian Gulf War, or the ... The war began when Iraq invaded Iran on September 22, 1980, following ...

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, consists of the island of Cuba ... Cuba is the most populous country in the Caribbean. Its people, culture ...

With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the Russian ... Despite this acceptance, post-Soviet Russia lacked the military and ...

The Boshin War|{{linktext|戊|辰|戦|争|Boshin Sensō|extra="War ... was a civil war in Japan, fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces ...

The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual ... The modern English word harp comes from the Old English hearpe; akin ...

Marxism, in a narrow sense, refers to the thoughts and theories of ... thoughts, theories, and movements of Marxism have emerged since ...

The Scramble for Africa (or the Race for Africa) was the proliferation ... The latter half of the nineteenth century saw the transition from ...

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic is a Middle Eastern country ... Considered one of the original "Cradle of Civilization" ...

Médecins Sans Frontières was created in 1971 by a small group of ... The organization is known in most of the world by its French name ...

Egypt, officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country in North ... Egypt is famous for its ancient civilization and some of the world ...

The Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, or simply ... many times. During more than 40 years of communist totalitarian rule ...

Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (Persian language: محمدرضا ... It was lack of his regime's religious legitimacy in the eyes ...

The Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य ... ), commonly known as India, is a country in South Asia. The name India ...

Africa is the world's second-largest and second most-populous ... eastern Africa, is widely regarded within the scientific community to be ...

The United Arab Emirates (also the UAE or the Emirates) is a Middle ... Before 1971, they were known as the "Trucial States" after ...

An abortion is the removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus from ... result in serious harm or even death to the woman. A strong argument for ...

Blythe III on August 19, 1946), was the 42nd President of the United ... During Clinton's presidency, the world continued to transition ...

A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ... There are many differences in the way political parties operate. The ...

[[Bosnia and Herzegovina|Bosnia]], during the war, 1993. Photo by Mikhail ... Refugee was defined as a legal group in response to the large numbers ...

Nederland is the European section of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ... Amsterdam is the capital city (hoofdstad), and The Hague (Dutch: Den ...

Lebanon (Arabic: لبنان Lubnān), officially the Lebanese Republic ... Until the Lebanese Civil War (1975-90), the country was considered ...

and nineteenth centuries that sought to end the practice of slavery and the ... The truth, self-evident, that all men are created equal, apparent ...

The Republic of Iraq, commonly known as Iraq, is a Middle Eastern ... Iraq is bordered by Jordan to the west, Syria to the northwest, Turkey ...

Iran (ايران, Īrān), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran ... The history of Iran covers over four thousand years. Throughout history ...

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in southwestern ... The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has ...

The Gulf War (August 28, 1990 – February 28, 1991) was a conflict ... led by the United States and mandated by the United Nations in order ...

they cross national boundaries, usually by the government of the importing ... protect domestic industries and as a source of revenue. Methods for accomplishing ...

Dallas is the third-largest city in Texas, after Houston and San Antonio ... Dallas is the main economic center of the 12 county Dallas, Fort Worth ...

powered vehicle with two wheels, one behind the other, attached to a frame ... have since been made, especially since the advent of modern materials ...

, was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003. As vice president under his cousin, General Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, ...

The Cold War was the protracted ideological, geopolitical, and economic ... The global confrontation between the West and communism was popularly ...

कॅशीर; Urdu: کشمیر) is the northwestern region of the ... (comprising Jammu, Kashmir, and Ladakh), the Pakistani administered regions ...

George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd President of the ... The Bush family has a significant history in United States politics ...

a campaigner for educational reform, and President of the Board of Trade. ... Several monuments honor his legacy in the City of Birmingham. Throughout ...

Baseball is a team sport popular in North America, Latin America, ... Baseball is a rare sport in which there is no time limit for play ...

21, 1926 – September 8, 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other ... In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince ...

275px|An African-American man drinks out of the "colored only" ... Racism refers to various beliefs maintaining that the essential value ...

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia is a landlocked country ... The Republic of Serbia comprises Serbia proper and two autonomous ...

15, 1950), a political and social leader of India, played a major role ... Sardār), which means Chief in many languages of India. ...

Admiral of the Fleet Louis Francis Albert Victor Nicholas George Mountbatten ... with Mahatma Gandhi but was unable to avoid the Partition of India, although ...

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, formerly a part of the Soviet ... From at least the ninth century, the territory of present-day Ukraine ...

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement Mouvement international ... human life and health, to ensure respect for the human being, and to prevent ...

politician and revolutionary. He governed the Republic of Cuba for 47 years ... When the attempt to overthrow Cuban President Fulgencio Batista in ...

Propaganda is a specific type of message presentation directly aimed ... situations, propaganda involves deception of the audience, for a purpose ...

States Senator from Ohio. In 1962 he was the first American to orbit the ... Glenn was one of the Mercury Seven military test pilots selected in ...

Fishing is the practice of catching wild fish for food, recreation ... activity that can enhance a personal sense of balance, strengthen intergenerational ...

Democracy is the name given to a number of forms of government and ... Democracy is also a peaceful way for a group of any size to settle ...

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is currently the only fully functional ... Since the first experimental satellite was launched in 1978, GPS has ...

koku) is an island country that sits off the east coast of Asia. Japan ... Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands ...

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (or Hungarian Uprising of 1956) ... was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Communist government ...

The State of Israel (in Hebrew "Medinat Yisra'el," ... Israel declared its independence in 1948. With a diverse population ...

The Kargil War, also known as the Kargil conflict, (I) that took place between May and July 1999 in the Kargil district of Kashmir ...

The term Messiah, literally "Anointed One," refers to the ... The concept of Messiah is prevalent in several world religions as ...

Paris is the capital city of France, situated on the River Seine, ... between land and river trade routes in lands of abundant agriculture had made ...

Rhode Island, officially the State of Rhode Island and Providence ... One of the founders of Rhode Island was Roger Williams. In 1636, Williams ...

The Joint Security Area (JSA) or Panmunjom, often called the "Truce ... , represents the only portion of the Korean Demilitarized Zone (DMZ ...

Eritrea, officially State of Eritrea, is a country situated in northern ... Remains of one of the oldest known hominids, dated to over one million ...

was a Filipino polymath, nationalist and the most prominent advocate for ... The seventh of eleven children born to a wealthy family in the town ...

Journalism is the reporting, writing, editing, photographing, or broadcasting ... Many news organizations claim proud traditions of holding government ...

Wuruk, whose reign from 1350 to 1389 marked the empire's peak, when it ... The Majapahit empire was the last of the major Hindu empires of the ...

Unit 731, short for Manshu Detachment 731, was a unit of the Imperial ... The heinous acts of torture committed by Unit 731 mirrored the inhumane ...

an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the ... During the 1930s, he ranked second in the Soviet leadership, after ...

known as H. G. Wells, was an English author of science fiction novels such ... Wells was a prolific writer of both fiction and non-fiction, producing ...

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of ideological, political ... The Revolution was originally a popular uprising against the absolute ...

, IPA: 'kolkat̪a]), formerly Calcutta, is the capital of the ... Kolkata served as the capital of India during the British Raj until ...

who served twice as Prime Minister in the mid-nineteenth century. He ... Some of his aggressive actions, now termed liberal interventionist ...

The Portuguese Colonial War, also known as the Overseas War in Portugal ... The revolutionary Portuguese government withdrew its remaining colonial ...

Peugeot is a major French car brand, part of PSA Peugeot Citroën ... Although the Peugeot factory had been in the manufacturing business ...

The Russian Federation (Росси́йская Федера́ция ... The largest country in the world by land area, Russia has the world ...

Josef Stalin, consolidated power to become the absolute ruler of the Soviet ... Stalin was responsible transforming the Soviet Union from an agricultural ...

Wilhelm II ; Prince Frederick William Victor Albert of Prussia (January ... His role in World War I is debated by scholars. On the one hand, he ...

best known for her sympathetic coverage of Russia and the Bolsheviks during ... Italy, and other countries in Europe and the Middle East. Some articles ...

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose metropolitan ... The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with more ...

North Carolina is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the ... The state's Native American population was included in the 1838 ...

Vancouver is the largest city in the province of British Columbia ... A 2006 study found that Vancouver had the third highest quality of ...

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain. It is the second ... While Madrid possesses modern infrastructure, it has preserved the ...

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Reino de España North Africa (both bordering Morocco). It is the largest of the three sovereign ...

The Metropolitan Museum of Art, founded in 1870 and opened in 1872 ... The Museum's collection ranges from ancient to contemporary with ...

The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. Natural satellites ... The average distance from the Moon to the Earth is 384,403 kilometers ...

Hungary, officially in English the Republic of Hungary, is a landlocked ... After a Celtic and a Roman period, the foundation of Hungary was laid ...

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, a country in ... Germany is a democratic parliamentary federal republic, historically ...

) is an Islamic term referring to the religious duty of Muslims to ... ), the plural of which is mujahideen ( ar|مجاهدين ...

to God" is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions, and ... Muhammad, the prophet of Islam, governed the first Muslim ummah (nation ...

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks ... The Internet connects information resources and provides various services ...

:This article is about the mineral. {{Infobox mineral | name = Diamond ... Diamond is the hardest known natural material and the third-hardest ...

Many ancient cultures speculated on the nature of the human mind, ... In 1879, Wilhelm Wundt founded the first laboratory dedicated exclusively ...

1885 – December 21, 1945) was a general of the United States Army who ... Born in 1885, Patton attended the Virginia Military Institute and ...

There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, ... based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as ...