Search results for "History of the socialist movement in the United States" - New World Encyclopedia

December 19, 1968) was a leading American socialist and pacifist. He was an ... He believed steadfastly in the principles that he attested to. He ...

The Social Gospel is a Protestant Christian theological teaching that ... The foremost writer among proponents was the American Walter Rauschenbusch ...

Trotskyism is the theory of Marxism as advocated by Leon Trotsky. ... The Trotskyists faced a crisis during WWII, as many of them supported ...

a political sociologist, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution, and the ... " was born on March 18, 1922, in New York, the son of Russian ...

activist, women's suffrage fighter, socialist, and journalist. She worked ... Mary White Ovington was born on April 11, 1865 in Brooklyn, New York ...

3, 1896) was an English artist, writer, socialist and activist. He was one ... to school at Marlborough College, but left in 1851 after a student rebellion ...

community organizer. Mother Jones was one of the founders of the Industrial ... Mary was born on the north side of Cork City, Ireland. When she was ...

social worker and reformer. She was one of the "ladies of Halsted ... Florence Kelley was born on September 12, 1859 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ...

– June 11, 1970) served as the second Prime Minister of the Russian ... In the aftermath of the collapse of the autocracy, hastened by Russian ...

The Arts and Crafts movement was a British and American aesthetic ... It was a reformist movement that influenced British and American architecture ...

an American labor and political leader, one of the founders of the International ... and 1921 for denouncing U.S. participation in World War I. His health suffered ...

20, 1878 – November 25, 1968), one of the best investigative journalists ... However, he believed that the main point of The Jungle was lost on ...

The Warsaw Pact, or Warsaw Treaty Organization, officially named the ... ), was an organization of Central and Eastern European communist states ...

; April 4, 1931 in Kaunas, Lithuania – June 12, 1999 in Chicago ... A brilliant scholar, he invested greatly in his students, brought ...

and propagandist, whose 1954 novel, The Thaw, lent its name to the ... Ehrenburg was a controversial figure in Soviet literature. He began ...

The Allied Powers were a group of countries (also known as the Allies ... The Second World War's opposing alliances pitted strong democracies ...

The May Fourth Movement (五四運動, 五四运动, wǔ sì yùn ... The May Fourth Movement led to the New Cultural Movement and a drastic ...

The Comintern (Communist International, also known as the Third International ... The Comintern was founded after the dissolution of the Second International ...

, marked annually on March 8, is a major day of global celebration for the ... The holiday that developed from these beginnings blended the culture ...

The Servant of God Dorothy Day (November 8, 1897 – November 29, ... Alongside Peter Maurin, she founded the Catholic Worker Movement in ...

The Volunteer Army (Добровольческая армия in Russian ... Part of the wide White Russian resistance movement, the Volunteer ...

The American Federation of Labor (AFL) was one of the first federations ... The AFL was the largest union grouping in the United States for the ...

The Bolsheviks ( Большеви́к bəlʲʂɨˈvʲik , derived from bolshinstvo, "majority") were a faction of ...

28, 1993), was an English historian, socialist and peace campaigner. He ... Thompson's writing helped expose the role of class, elitism, ...

| image =Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon 1960 (cropped ... | order =Prime Minister of Sri Lanka | term_start = | term_end = ...

lawyer, antimilitarist, feminist, socialist, and journalist. She was ... Crystal Eastman was born on June 25, 1881 in Marlborough, Massachusetts ...

The Cuban Revolution overthrew the regime of Fulgencio Batista by ... In the context of the Cold War between the Western world, led by the ...

pacifist, publicist, journalist, co-founder of the German peace movement, ... Prize for 1905), Fried became interested in the peace movement and co-founded ...

13, 1922 - October 14, 1999) was President of Tanzania (previously Tanganyika ... He also battled the International Monetary Fund over the issue of ...

Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements ... Socialism developed as a political ideology in the nineteenth century ...

labor and political leader. He was born in England, to a Jewish family ... Educated through the difficult life of an American emigrant in the ...

David Ben-Gurion (October 16, 1886 – December 1, 1973) was the first ... changed. His compassion and respect for the rights of the Arab residents ...

1943) was an American economist, a pioneer of Christian socialism in America ... Richard Theodore Ely was born in Ripley, New York, as the eldest of ...

), is a variant of Marxism-Leninism derived from the teachings of ... It should be noted that the term Mao Zedong Thought has always been ...

languages: Československo) was a country in Central Europe that existed ... In November 1989, Czechoslovakia joined the wave of anti-Communist ...

:This article is concerned with the legal system known as Civil law ... Civil law, or continental law, is the predominant system of law in ...

who is best known for his photographs of the American Civil War and ... As Mathew Brady's leading photographer during the early days ...

United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 was a measure adopted ... The Korean Peninsula had been divided between occupation forces of ...

The Fourth International (FI) was a communist international organization ... In France in 1938, Trotsky and many of his supporters, having been ...

Rosa Luxemburg (March 5, 1871 – January 15, 1919, in Polish Róża ... Luxemburg was a German Marxist political theorist, socialist philosopher ...

| order=General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party ... | order2 = Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the People ...

Naturalism was a late nineteenth century movement in theater, film ... In theater, the naturalism movement developed in the late nineteenth ...

Dada or Dadaism is a cultural movement that began in neutral Zürich ... modern art movements, Dadaism reflected the collapse of the cherished ...

author, and government official. Dana was in many ways the most brilliant ... Dana was best known for his association with Ulysses S. Grant during ...

The Four Freedoms are goals famously articulated by United States ... Roosevelt's Four Freedoms speech represented a milestone in his ...

educator, and social reformer who founded the Ethical Culture movement. Henry David Thoreau. Adler found ethics as the common ground for and at the ...

The All Russian Constituent Assembly (Всероссийское Учред ... By the time it finally met, the Bolsheviks had already overthrown ...

The Midwestern United States (or Midwest) refers to the north-central ... The Census Bureau divides this region into the East North Central ...

The Soviet Union was one of the dominant political entities of the ... experienced famine and economic collapse. The demoralized Russian Army suffered ...

Zionism is an international political movement that originally supported ... The term "Zionism" is derived from the word Zion (Hebrew: ...

organization based on common control of the means of production as ... A major force in world politics since the early twentieth century ...

The Communist Party USA, formally known as the Communist Party United ... In the late 1920s, the party was shaken by internal factionalism when ...

Political asylum is the granting of refuge to an alien in a foreign ... This is not an automatic right of an individual, nor is any state ...

Abstract expressionism was an American post-World War II art movement ... Although the term "abstract expressionism" was first applied ...

song writer and folk musician who influenced the entire postwar development ... Guthrie's body of music consists of hundreds of songs, ballads ...

existentialist philosopher. Tillich was one of the most influential Protestant ... Paul Tillich appeared on the scene at the beginning of the twentieth ...

Sub-Saharan Africa is the term used to describe the area of the African ... Since the end of the last ice age, the north and sub-Saharan regions ...

Bolshevik and Soviet statesman during the Stalin and Khrushchev years ... Anastas Mikoyan joined the Bolshevik Party and fought in Baku during ...

American economist and a major influence on the modern libertarian movement ... Ludwig Heinrich Edler von Mises was born on September 29, 1881, in ...

May 3, 1898 – December 8, 1978) was one of the founders of the State of Israel. Meir served as the Minister of Labor, Foreign Minister, and from March ...

and activist, co-founder with Jane Addams of the Hull House social settlement ... Ellen Gates Starr was born in 1959 near Laona, Illinois, as the third ...

:This article is about the French utopian socialist. For the mathematician ... October 10, 1837) was a French utopian socialist and philosopher who advocated ...

KaihsuTai.jpg|thumb|400px|right|A rally of the trade union UNISON in Oxford ... A labor union, or trade union, is an association of fair wage-earners ...

poet, playwright, and essayist writing in French. He was awarded the ... Count Maurice Maeterlinck was born in Ghent, Belgium to a wealthy ...

main_interests = Democracy, Race, Philosophy of religion, Ethics| ... Harvard University, West became a professor of Religion and director of African ...

was an American birth control activist, and the founder of the American Birth ... she gradually won support from both the public and from the courts ...

A Kibbutz (קיבוץ), plural Kibbutzim (קיבוצים), from the ... While the kibbutzim lasted for several generations as utopian communities ...

January 25, 1982) was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served ... Born in rural Russia in 1902, Suslov became a member of the All-Union ...

Stalinism is the name given to the political and economic system which ... The term "Stalinism" was coined by Lazar Kaganovich. Although ...

Anarcho-syndicalism is a branch of anarchism which focuses on the ... Anarcho-syndicalism remains a popular and active school of Anarchism ...

a Marxist, later became a liberal and after the Bolshevik revolution joined ... Peter Struve is probably the best known member of the Russian branch ...

widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. Most notable ... On account of that film, Leni Riefenstahl has been, and remains, controversial; ...

a famous nineteenth century American example of "miscegenation." ... mix" + genus "kind") is the mixing of different races ...

prominence as a war correspondent during the first World War. He and his ... Reed was not only a witness to the revolution, but an enthusiastic ...

), is the capital and largest city of Guinea, a resource-rich but ... Dating from 1885, the city has had a brief, somewhat turbulent history ...

Italian Fascism (in Italian, fascismo) was the authoritarian political ... Fascism led to Italy's support of Hitler's Germany during ...

Spiritualism is the belief that the spirits of the dead can be contacted ... These spirits are thought to be capable of providing helpful advice ...

Kenneth David Kaunda, (April 28, 1924 - June 17, 2021) served as the ... From the time he became President until his fall from power in 1991 ...

John Ernst Steinbeck (February 27 1902 – December 20 1968) was one ... on real historical conditions and events in the first half of the twentieth ...

politician and three times Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He rose ... to pass social reform legislation especially in the area of housing. The 1924 ...

Pravda (Правда, "The Truth") was a leading newspaper ... ==Origins: The Vienna Pravda== The original Pravda ("The Truth ...

November 17, 1858) was a Welsh utopian socialist and social reformer, whose ... circumstances, and that placing man under the proper physical, moral, and ...

The Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies) is an international ... The IWW contends that all workers should be united within a single ...

Тито, May 7, 1892 – May 4, 1980) was the chief architect of the "second ... Tito died on May 4, 1980 in Ljubljana hospital of post-surgery complications ...

:"Fall of Communism" redirects here. For the fall of the ... The Revolutions of 1989 refers to the collapse of Communism in Eastern ...

intelligence officer who coordinated the Central Intelligence Agency ... However, the Shah's regime was oppressive and rode roughshod ...

Utopia is a term denoting a visionary or ideally perfect state of ... Utopianism refers to the various ways in which people think about ...

painter and etcher. Averse to sentimentality in painting, he was a leading ... The symbol was apt, for Whistler's art was characterized by a ...

The Russian Provisional Government ( Временное правительство ... ) was established immediately following the abdication of Nicholas ...

1903 – January 21, 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell, was ... Eric Blair was born on June 25, 1903, to an Anglo-Indian family in ...

East Germany (in German Ostdeutschland) was the common English name ... With an area of 40,919 square miles (105,980 square kilometers), or ...

as a political economist, and an organizer of the International Workingmen ... Marx developed his revolutionary theories over a period of four decades ...

West Germany (in German Westdeutschland) was the common English name ... With an area of 95,976 square miles (248,577 square kilometers), or ...

(July 29, 1883 – April 28, 1945) was the prime minister and dictator ... Mussolini entered World War II in June, 1940 on the side of Nazi Germany ...

Freedom of speech is the ability to speak without censorship or limitation ... Freedom of speech is a key factor in the spread of information in ...

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, better known by the name Lenin (April 22 ... Lenin's intellectual legacy as a Marxist theoretician included ...

Feminism comprises a number of social, cultural and political movements ... Historians of feminism have identified three “waves” of feminist ...

) was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary political movement ... The club got its name from their meeting place at the Dominican rue ...

novelist, particularly associated with the West Country and north-east ... An advocate of Christian socialism, he published several novels about ...

Wisconsin, one of the 50 United States of America, is located near ... Bordered by the states of Iowa, Minnesota, Michigan and Illinois, ...

A prisoner of war (POW) is a combatant who is imprisoned by an enemy ... In the history of war (which covers basically all of human history ...

The Republic of Bolivia (or Bulibiya in the Quechua language; Wuliwya ... well as its blessing. Spain built its empire in great part upon the silver ...

American painter and a major force in the abstract expressionist ... Paul Jackson Pollock was born in Cody, Wyoming, to LeRoy and Stella ...

whose work centered around theistic ideals of religious consciousness, interpersonal ... Martin Buber was born on February 8, 1878, in Vienna, into a Jewish ...

[[Image:Earth Western Hemisphere.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Increasingly ... Globalization, as a concept, refers both to the "shrinking" ...

A flag is a piece of cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, that ... The history of the flag dates back to at least Roman times. The study ...

Betty Boothroyd, Baroness Boothroyd, Order of Merit (OM), Privy Council ... She was the 155th Speaker to be elected. She had served as Deputy ...

Free schools have their roots in the anarchist Modern Schools of Spain ... A variety of free schools and affiliated organizations are found throughout ...

– October 4, 1944) was elected Governor of New York four times, and was ... Catherine Mulvihill and initially grew up in the multiethnic Lower East ...

Vietnam officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a nation in ... American involvement in the war between the communist North Vietnamese ...

He led France during World War I and was one of the major voices behind the ... Clemenceau, however, secured France's trusteeship of Syria and ...

[[Image:Gay flag.svg|thumb|right|400px|The Rainbow flag is the most ... The gay rights movement, or LGBT movement refers to myriad organizations ...

Franjo Tuđman (May 14, 1922 - December 10, 1999) was the first president ... For him, this made Croatia an ideal candidate for membership of the ...

The Great Leap Forward ( s=大跃进|t=大躍進|p=Dàyuèjìn ) of the People's Republic of China (PRC) was an economic and ...

Aung San entered Rangoon University in 1933 and quickly became a student ... Aung San was instrumental in bringing about Burma's independence ...

Seychelles, officially the Republic of Seychelles, is an archipelago ... A socialist government seized power in a bloodless coup in 1977 and ...

Anarchist communism advocates the abolition of the state, private ... sometimes, libertarian communism, advocates the abolition of government, which ...

– September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian-born socialist revolutionary ... A lifelong collaborator of Leon Trotsky, he was a prominent activist ...

– May 27, 1964) was a political leader of the Indian National Congress ... As the son of the wealthy Indian barrister and politician Motilal ...

Marxism, in a narrow sense, refers to the thoughts and theories of ... thoughts, theories, and movements of Marxism have emerged since ...

Neoconservatism is a political philosophy that emerged in the United ... The term neoconservative was originally used as a criticism against ...

Identity politics refers to the idea that socially constructed identities ... Many contemporary advocates of identity politics take an intersectional ...

Бакунин, Michel Bakunin—on the grave in Bern), (May 18 (May ... After escaping exile in Siberia, where he was sent as punishment for ...

entities that existed one at a time on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe ... The Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( December 1, 1918,–April 17, 1941), also ...

chemist, Holocaust survivor and author of memoirs, short stories, poems ... He is also the author of The Periodic Table which contains 21 reflections ...

Nagaland (Hindi: नागालैंड) is a state of India located ... Nagaland has played a crucial role in the development of the Republic ...

The Weimar Republic ( Weimarer Republik , IPA: [ ˈvaɪ̯marər repuˈbliːk ]) is the common name for the republic that governed Germany from ...

by admirers, and derided as an advocate of politically motivated murder ... and union organizing. Her criticism of mandatory conscription of young ...

was a Soviet statesman during the Cold War. He served as the Premier ... During the Great Patriotic War (World War II), Kosygin was a member ...

Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania, is a nation ... The Tanzanian geography is one of the most varied and unique in the ...

The political integration of India established a united nation for ... When the Indian independence movement succeeded in ending the British ...

Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is skeptical ... Anarchists argue that humans lived in societies without formal hierarchies ...

The history of economic thought concerns thinkers and theories in ... Following Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations, classical economists ...

Robert James Lee (Bob) Hawke AC (December 9, 1929 - May 16, 2019) ... Hawke's government floated the Australian dollar, deregulated ...

Slovakia (Slovensko), officially the Slovak Republic (Slovak: Slovenská ... The eight hundred years of Hungarian oppression was openly confronted ...

and educator, widely recognized as the foremost black intellectual ... Du Bois is viewed by many as the father of modern black scholarship ...

Polish statesman, Field Marshal, first Chief of State (1918–1922) and dictator ... Jerzy Jan Lerski. Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945. (Greenwood ...

and Marxist theoretician. Serving as the People's Commissar for ... The daughter of an Imperial Russian Army general, Kollontai embraced ...

The history of Poland from 1945 to 1989 spans the period of Soviet ... Near the end of World War II, German forces were driven from Poland ...

28, 1925 - October 10, 2005), Prime Minister of Uganda from 1962 to 1966 and ... While attending a meeting of the British Commonwealth in 1971, he ...

:This article refers to the government of Paris in 1871, for the one ... The "Paris Commune" (French: La Commune de Paris) was a ...

He was born in the Free City of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). Since ... Grass is best known for his first novel, The Tin Drum, a key text ...

physician, Marxist, politician, and leader of Cuban and internationalist ... Some time later, Guevara became a member of Fidel Castro's paramilitary ...

The Tunisian Republic (الجمهرية التونسية), or Tunisia ... Forty per cent of the country is comprised of the Sahara Desert, with ...

, and (1871–1872), as President of Mexico.For resisting the French ... and adoption of a federalist constitution. ==Early life== ...

15, 1975) was a Bengali political leader in East Pakistan and the founding ... A student political leader, Mujib rose in East Pakistani politics ...

Heinrich Luitpold Himmler (October 7, 1900 – May 23, 1945) was ... He rose to power on the foundation of his absolute loyalty to Hitler ...

film director and film theorist. He is noted in particular for his silent films ... but his star has waxed and waned over the years, and the merit of his ...

In general discussion, a nation-state is variously called a "country ... The modern state is relatively new to human history, emerging after ...

Slovenia, officially the Republic of Slovenia, is a coastal Alpine ... Slovenia has been part of the Roman Empire, the Duchy of Karantania ...

The term enemy of the people or enemy of the nation, is a term used ... Totalitarian governments like the Soviet Union made extensive use ...

Polish: Białoruś) is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe that borders ... The history of Belarus is a story of domination by foreign powers ...

Sweden is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern ... contributed to rapid industrialization; by the 1890s, the country had begun ...

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ... Arab geographers, for over a thousand years the island was ruled by independent ...

) (June 28, 1921 – December 23, 2004) presided as the twelfth Prime ... He led one of the most important administrations in India's modern ...

and newspaper columnist, best known as one of the principle figures in the ... and poets, as well as to American poets of all races and creeds. He has ...

The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT), also often translated ... Together with the People First Party ( 親民黨) and Chinese New ...

Venezuela, known since 1999 as the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela ... features, including Angel Falls. Located in the Guayana highlands, it plunges ...

Havana, officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the capital city, major ... Havana has a long and colorful history dating to earliest human habitation ...

politician and reformer, and a recent leader of the Communist Party of China ... Inheriting the social and institutional problems left over from the ...

North Macedonia (before 2019, Macedonia), officially the Republic ... The lands governed by the republic were the southernmost part of the ...

) was the series of events on Sunday, 22 January|1905|9 January in St Petersburg, Russia, when unarmed demonstrators, led by Father ...

The Arab-Israeli conflict ( الصراع العربي الإسرائيلي ... ) spans nearly a century of political tensions and open hostilities ...

29, 1932 - September 26, 2019) served as the President of France from May ... His internal policies included lower tax rates, the removal of price ...

A political party is an organized group of people who have the same ... There are many differences in the way political parties operate. The ...

Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is the name of several past and present organizations ... The Klan's first appearance was shortly after the American Civil ...

Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the ... The major themes of his work were social: Radical individualism, libertarianism ...

The term social contract describes a broad class of philosophical ... Common to all of these theories is the notion of a sovereign will ...

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in South America ... power from September 1973 to March 1990, the country has been relatively ...

SurrealismIn 1917, Guillaume Apollinaire coined the term "Surrealism ... The works feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions ...

Latvia (historically Lattonia, Lettonia, or Lettland), officially ... Latvia shares land borders with Estonia to the north and Lithuania ...

William Jennings Bryan (March 19, 1860 – July 26, 1925) was the ... crusade against Darwinism, which culminated in the Scopes Trial in 1925. Like ...

an influential twentieth century advocate of Pan-Africanism, and the leader ... As Ghana's leader and as an advocate of pan-Africanism, he continued ...

his Jewish factory workers from death during the Holocaust. As many as 1,300 ... Today there are more than 7,000 descendants of the Schindler-Jews ...

In English-speaking countries, libertarianism usually refers to a ... an ethical theory or stance that holds that the best—i.e., best ethically ...

Censorship is the editing, removing, or otherwise changing speech ... While humankind remains self-centered and unable to develop a world ...

Bratislava is the capital of Slovakia and is its largest city, with ... Bratislava was a key economic and administrative center of the Kingdom ...

The European Parliament (Europarl or EP) is the directly elected parliamentary ... by universal suffrage since 1979. Although the European Parliament has legislative ...

The Republic of the Congo, also known as Congo-Brazzaville or the ... offshore reserves has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy, which ...

Industrialization in the Soviet Union occurred as a process of accelerated ... The official task of industrialization was the transformation of the ...

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, consists of the island of Cuba ... Cuba is the most populous country in the Caribbean. Its people, culture ...

The Axis Powers is a term for those participants in World War II opposed ... On September 18, 1931, Manchuria was an object of Japanese invasion ...

Political philosophy is a branch of philosophy, which studies fundamental ... existing or possible theories and practices of social, political matters, ...

275px|An African-American man drinks out of the "colored only" ... Racism refers to various beliefs maintaining that the essential value ...

31, 1984) nee Nehru) was Prime Minister of India from January 19, 1966 ... Daughter of India's first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, and ...

The Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova) is a landlocked country ... Historically part of the Principality of Moldavia, it was annexed ...

The Soviet Union introduced the collectivization ( Коллективизац ... ) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the Premiereship ...

Angela Dorothea Merkel (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, July 17, 1954 ... Merkel was considered by Forbes Magazine to be the "most powerful ...

Iowa is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States of America ... A north central state, it forms a bridge between the forests of the ...

Nonviolence is the practice of being harmless to self and others under ... Forms of nonviolence draw inspiration from both religious or ethical ...

Addis Ababa is the capital city of Ethiopia and the African Union ... This historically significant city in its enchanting mountain setting ...

recognition as art. Every culture since the beginning of human existence ... As intelligence develops the human ability to use the materials of ...

KGB (transliteration of "КГБ") is the Russian-language ... The KGB was the umbrella organization for the Soviet Union's ...

The Cold War was the protracted ideological, geopolitical, and economic ... The global confrontation between the West and communism was popularly ...

The Republic of Mozambique, or Mozambique, is a country in southeastern ... Mozambique is still recovering from the destruction wrought by nearly ...

was a Pakistani politician who served as the President of Pakistan from ... Bhutto was executed in 1979 for allegedly authorizing the murder of ...

, Cat's Cradle (1963), and Breakfast of Champions (1973).Dinitia Smith ... Vonnegut was born to third-generation German-American parents in Indianapolis ...

[[image:Robert_F._Kennedy_1964.jpg|thumb|right|Robert F. Kennedy in ... 1968), also called "RFK," was one of two younger brothers of President ...

best known for her sympathetic coverage of Russia and the Bolsheviks during ... After Reed's death from typhus in 1920, Bryant continued to write ...

The Orange Revolution ( Помаранчева революція|translit ... ) was a series of protests and political events that took place in ...

Estonia (older English spelling Esthonia), officially the Republic ... was dominated by foreign powers through much of its history. The past eight ...

The Khmer Rouge was the ruling political party of Cambodia—which ... Pol Pot died April 15, 1998, having never been put on trial. The atrocities ...

PC) is a term used by proponents, usually on the political left, to describe ... Since the late 1980s, advocates of the term use it to describe a preference ...

movements that are concerned with notions of cultural decline or decadence ... Fascists promote a type of national unity that is usually based on ...

The West Bank ( الضفة الغربية , הגדה המערבית and Samaria, is a landlocked territory on the west bank of the Jordan River ...

Bauhaus is the common term for the Staaatliches Bauhaus, an art and ... The Bauhaus art school had a profound influence upon subsequent developments ...

Antifa is a political movement, expecially in Germany and the United ... In the postwar era, the historical Antifaschistische Aktion inspired ...

The Finnish Civil War was a part of the national and social turmoil ... Defeat in World War I and the February and October Revolutions in ...

South America is a continent of the Americas, situated entirely in ... South America has a land area of 17,840,000 square kilometers (6,890 ...

The Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación ... former FSLN allies as well as supporters of the former Somoza regime. More ...

The Republic of Cape Verde or Cape Verde is a republic located on ... party that imposed strict controls on the economy and politics of the ...

The Belle Époque or La Belle Époque ( bɛlepɔk|lang ; French for "Beautiful Epoch") is a period of French and ...

and political leader often referred to as the "father of modern China ... Although Sun Yat-sen is considered one of the greatest leaders of ...

January 15, 1918 – September 28, 1970) was the president of Egypt from 1956 ... Nasser is seen as one of the most important political figures in recent ...

name=Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg| native_name=Albert-Ludwigs ... Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg (German Albert-Ludwigs-Universität ...

politician and revolutionary. He governed the Republic of Cuba for 47 years ... When the attempt to overthrow Cuban President Fulgencio Batista in ...

and political scientist who served as the 64th United States secretary ... Born in Prague, Czechoslovakia, Albright immigrated to the United ...

Atal Bihari Vajpayee (December 25, 1924 - August 16, 2018) was the ... Vajpayee was also a poet, writing in his native language, Hindi. His ...

Jews have lived in Germany for over 1700 years, through both periods ... Following the victimization of what was probably the most assimilated ...

found to contain heroin when inspected by the US [[Drug Enforcement Administration ... The illegal drug trade is a worldwide black market consisting of production ...

enormous popular success during a career of more than 70 years and continues ... Best known today for the Jeeves and Blandings Castle novels and short ...

Laos, officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic, is a landlocked ... On taking power, the communist government imposed a Soviet-style command ...

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) was created after World ... The Security Council requires all five permanent members to agree ...

The Anschluss Until the German spelling reform of 1996, Anschluss was ... (German: connection, or political union), also known as the Anschluss ...

The Polish-Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was an armed ... By 1919, the Polish forces had taken control of much of Western Ukraine ...

Serbia, officially the Republic of Serbia is a landlocked country ... The Republic of Serbia comprises Serbia proper and two autonomous ...

August 16, 2002), known as Abu Nidal, was the founder of Fatah: The Revolutionary ... At the height of its power in the 1970s and 1980s, the ANO was widely ...

The Hungarian Revolution of 1956 (or Hungarian Uprising of 1956) ... was a spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Communist government ...

French Guiana is an overseas department of France, located on the ... Its population of 202,000, most of whom live along the coast, is very ...

2004) was a Polish poet and novelist who won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1980. A well-known critic of the Polish Communist government, Milosz was ...

Nederland is the European section of the Kingdom of the Netherlands ... Amsterdam is the capital city (hoofdstad), and The Hague (Dutch: Den ...

Guinea, officially Republic of Guinea, is a nation in West Africa ... The name Guinea is used for the region of most of Africa's west ...

and sociologist who is considered one of the founders of the modern ... While the twentieth century in many ways proved him correct, stronger ...

The Austrian School, also known as the “Vienna School” or the ... While the praxeological method differs from the method advocated by ...

Tajikistan, officially the Republic of Tajikistan, is a mountainous ... An Islamic nation, it is home mainly to the Tajiks, who share culture ...

American public intellectual, was a scholar of extraordinary range who made ... Rothbard was not interested only in academic controversies, rather ...

1990) was a Marxist philosopher. He was born in Algeria and studied at the ... they had been viewed as a single body of work, when in fact Marx had ...

" or "Kalmyki") is the name given to western Mongolian ... The Kalmyks are the only inhabitants of Europe whose national religion ...

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic, is a Southern European ... The Italian Republic shares its northern alpine boundary with France ...

The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War, the ... French Union forces included colonial troops from the whole former ...

Croatia, officially the Republic of Croatia (Republika Hrvatska), ... The country, which by the end of the twentieth century resembled that ...

The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, known simply as Nakhichevan, ... Armenian tradition holds that Nakhichevan was founded by Noah, of ...

) is a form of Chinese opera which arose in the late eighteenth century ... Beijing opera features four main types of performers; performing troupes ...

"Respected Leader"), was one of the most prominent and highly ... His political views and the alliances he made with Nazi and other ...

Riga the capital city of Latvia, is situated on the Baltic Sea coast ... The Historic Centre of Riga has been declared a UNESCO World Heritage ...

The First World War, known as the Great War before 1939 and as World ... The legacy of the war, in many respects, was World War II, which was ...

The Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, named after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav ... In addition to stipulations of non-aggression, the treaty included ...

), the capital city of Bavaria, Germany, is the third largest city ... After World War I, Munich became a hotbed of right-wing politics, ...

Suriname, officially the Republic of Suriname, is a country in northern ... slaves and later contract laborers from the Dutch East Indies and India ...

Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a country that ... Historians believe the vast steppes of Kazakhstan were where humans ...

theorist. He was an influential politician in the early days of the Soviet ... Trotsky's ideas form the basis of the Communist theory of Trotskyism ...

The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic ... The effects spread throughout Western Europe and North America during ...

an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from ... During the 1930s, he ranked second in the Soviet leadership, after ...

A cult of personality, or a cult of the leader, is the veneration ... A cult of personality is similar to apotheosis, except that it is ...

John Wesley (June 17, 1703-March 2, 1791) was the central figure of ... Wesley's long and eventful life bridged the Reformation and modern ...

first novel, Gösta Berling's Saga, at the age of 33. She was the first ... Värmland, Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. Lagerlöf was the daughter ...

The Moscow trials were a series of show trials held by the Soviet ... # the "Case of the Trotskyite-Zinovievite Terrorist Center" ...

Democracy is the name given to a number of forms of government and ... Democracy is also a peaceful way for a group of any size to settle ...

He is best known for his testimony about the perjury and espionage of Alger ... The Chambers-Hiss saga was an important case in the 1950s "Red ...

| image name=Official Portrait of President Reagan 1981.jpg | order=40th President of the United States | date1=January 20, 1981 ...

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 culminating in the Tiananmen ... The protests were sparked by the death of pro-market and pro-democracy ...

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ... The history of North Korea formally began with the establishment of ...

Bamako, a city of nearly 1.7 million people, is the capital and largest ... Inhabited for more than 150,000 years, the area that is now Bamako ...

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, ... The long reign of monarchs came to an end in 1974, when a pro-Soviet ...

known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was the Dictator of Spain in parts ... Franco did not have deep political convictions, but rose to power ...

The union of Austria and Hungary, also known as the Dual (that of ... The newly created Austro-Hungarian Empire was a good example of a ...

1882 – March 5, 1967) was a major figure in modern Iranian history who ... which had been under British control through the Anglo-Iranian Oil ...

The Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य ... ), commonly known as India, is a country in South Asia. The name India ...

Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania, is a country in northern ... Occupied by both Germany and the Soviet Union, Lithuania lost over ...

Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment ... Partly, decolonization was overseen by the United Nations, with UN ...

The Republic of Guatemala ( República de Guatemala , re'puβlika ... ), is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the northwest ...

The Battle of Stalingrad was a battle between Germany and its Allies ... On June 22, 1941, Germany and the Axis powers invaded the Soviet Union ...

(April 20, 1808 – January 9, 1873) was the first President of the French ... been solely due to his own moral failings. The leaders and the people of ...

For the Republic of China see Taiwan. For the civilization of China and its history see China. ...

typographer, and architect. He was one of the most important figures ... Lissitzky's entire career was laced with the belief that the ...

Uzbekistan, officially the Republic of Uzbekistan, is a doubly-landlocked ... Located in the heart of Central Asia between the Amu Darya (Oxus) ...

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, is an island nation ... The adjective (language, ethnicity and citizenship) derived from Madagascar ...

U.S. aircraft spraying chemical defoliants in South Vietnam]] The Vietnam War was a military conflict in which communist forces ...

Adolf Hitler (April 20, 1889 – April 30, 1945) was Chancellor of ... to establish an authoritarian regime in a Germany that was still coming ...

Eritrea, officially State of Eritrea, is a country situated in northern ... Remains of one of the oldest known hominids, dated to over one million ...

, Hindi: अहमदाबाद Ahmadābād), the largest city in ... Founded in 1411, the city served as the capital of the Sultanate of ...

| birth_place = Dobzau, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Austria ... | death_place = United States Penitentiary, Lewisburg, Pennsylvania ...

mountain" is a small, mountainous state in south-west Balkans, bordering ... Periodically independent since the late Middle Ages, and an internationally ...

, was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003. Saddam tightly controlled conflict between the government and the armed forces ...

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic is a Middle Eastern country ... Considered one of the original "Cradle of Civilization" ...

” or “Kirghizia”), officially the Kyrgyz Republic, is a landlocked ... The name "Kyrgyz," both for the people and for the nation ...

Josef Stalin, consolidated power to become the absolute ruler of the Soviet ... Stalin was responsible transforming the Soviet Union from an agricultural ...

Nuclear power is a type of nuclear technology involving the controlled ... The use of nuclear power has also engendered much debate. Critics ...

Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, formerly a part of the Soviet ... From at least the ninth century, the territory of present-day Ukraine ...

The Kingdom of Norway, commonly known as Norway, is a Nordic country ... Norway plays a significant role in the pursuit of stability and world ...

Shanghai, situated on the banks of the Yangtze River Delta, is China ... and parking lots for automobiles, north of the foreign concessions. During ...

Romania is a country in Southeastern Europe bordering Hungary and ... Many Romanians take pride in being the most eastern Romance people ...

The Portuguese Colonial War, also known as the Overseas War in Portugal ... The revolutionary Portuguese government withdrew its remaining colonial ...

for Fidel Castro's revolution against the dictatorship of Fulgencio ... Before Night Falls, which was on the New York Times list of top ...

The Historical school of economics was an approach to academic economics ... The German Historical School and its economics was always distinctly ...

The First Chechen War also known as the War in Chechnya was fought ... and religious clash. Some Chechens, the majority of whom are Muslim ...

A dictatorship is a form of government which is characterized by a ... The term dictatorship originates from its use in the Roman Republic ...

The Korean War is the name given to a civil war between the nations ... Each side wanted to unite the Korean peninsula under its own political ...

Nancy Witcher Astor, Viscountess Astor, Companion of Honour (CH), ... Her support for German re-armament because she saw the Third Reich ...

The Rhodesian Bush War, also known as the Second Chimurenga or the ... policy that has rewarded veterans of the Bush War with farms previously ...

), officially the Republic of Austria ( Republik Österreich ), is a small, predominantly mountainous country located in Central ...

Colonialism is the extension of a nation's sovereignty over territory ... Negatively, attitudes of racial, cultural, religious and civilization ...

playwright, educator, and social thinker. The founder of "anthroposophy ... Rudolf Steiner was born on February 27, 1861 in Donji Kraljevec, Austria ...

Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich—officially called Deutsches Reich ... is the literal translation of empire)—refers to Germany in the years ...

organization that arose from obscure origins in the late sixteenth to early ... The fraternity is administratively organized into Grand Lodges (or ...

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country in southwestern ... The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has ...

Zagreb is the capital city, and the cultural, scientific, and governmental ... Croatia first appeared as a duchy in the seventh century and then ...

The social sciences are a group of academic disciplines that study ... The term "social science" did not appear until the nineteenth ...

749.jpg|thumb|200px|left|First arrival of the Roma outside Berne in the ... |langs=Romani, languages of native region }} The Roma people (singular ...

colonial administration that lasted from 1952 to 1960. The core of ... Economic disparity between Africans and settlers in Kenya and aspiration ...

Nepal, known officially as the State of Nepal, is a landlocked Himalayan ... Although the country is the birthplace of Siddhartha Gautama, who ...

This article is about the nation of Georgia. For the U.S. state, see ... , known officially from 1990 to 1995 as the Republic of Georgia, is a ...

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in south ... The region was once inhabited by the ancient Thracians, and was later ...

Bosnia and Herzegovina is a republic of the western Balkans Peninsula ... Croatia borders the country on the north, west, and south, Serbia ...

political and metaphysical themes in novels dominated by monopolistic ... He often drew upon his own life experiences and addressed the nature ...

revolutionary and a founding father of the People's Republic ... Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a ...

(a form of individualist anarchism) Ian Adams, Political Ideology Today ... anarchism with capitalism. It advocates the elimination of the state; ...

Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the thirty ... Truman, whose personal style contrasted sharply with that of the patrician ...

The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church is the Christian Church ... The Catholic Church is the largest Christian Church and the largest ...

(Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan ... The location of human and pre-human habitation dating back two million ...

The Canary Islands, though politically a part of Spain, are only 67 ... The autonomous community of the Canary Islands was established by ...

The Republic of Dagestan (older spelling Daghestan) is a republic ... Situated on the eastern end of the North Caucasus Mountains along ...

World War II, also WWII, or the Second World War, was a global military ... The Allies were initially made up of Poland, the British Empire, France ...

|+ The Rt Hon. Sir Winston Churchill |align="center" colspan ... |+Prime Minister of the United Kingdom |Periods in Office: ...

The Russian Federation (Росси́йская Федера́ция ... The largest country in the world by land area, Russia has the world ...

Criminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and ... to commit criminal acts is an important step in preventing crime and ensuring ...

The State of Israel (in Hebrew "Medinat Yisra'el," ... Israel declared its independence in 1948. With a diverse population ...

The Chechen Republic or, informally, Chechnya, (sometimes referred ... In November 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, Chechnya ...

familiarly known as "Gabo" in his native country, is considered ... for his novels, such as One Hundred Years of Solitude (1967) and Love in ...

Paris is the capital city of France, situated on the River Seine, ... between land and river trade routes in lands of abundant agriculture ...

) is the capital and largest city of Venezuela, and one of the principal ... Caracas is located in the north of the country, contained within and ...

France, officially the French Republic, is a country whose metropolitan ... The French Republic is a unitary semi-presidential republic with more ...

Turkmenistan (also known as Turkmenia) is a country in Central Asia ... With one-half of its irrigated land planted in cotton, Turkmenistan ...

philosopher and writer who specialized in aesthetics and political philosophy ... Scruton embraced conservatism after witnessing the May 1968 student ...

was a Japanese writer and a major figure in contemporary Japanese ... Ōe was born in Ōse|大瀬村|Ōse-mura , a village now in Uchiko ...

) was the codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet ... The operational goal of Barbarossa was the rapid conquest of the European ...

in Narovchat  – August 25, 1938 in Leningrad) was a Russian writer ... Kuprin was a popular writer during the period generally known as The ...

television and radio host. His career in radio and TV broadcasting spanned ... King's concise, simple and to the point style of questioning ...

The French Revolution (1789–1799) was a period of ideological, political ... The Revolution was originally a popular uprising against the absolute ...

Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central ... The first Polish state was baptized in 966, an event that coincided ...

The Kingdom of Belgium is a country in northwest Europe bordered by ... Straddling the cultural boundary between Germanic and Latin Europe ...

For the bird, see Turkey (bird) native_name = {{native ... Turkey, known officially as the Republic of Turkey (Türkiye Cumhuriyeti ...

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, a country in ... federal republic, historically consisting of several sovereign states with ...

The Republic of Finland is a Nordic country situated in Northern Europe ... Finland consistently ranks high on a number of international analysis ...

Kerala refers to a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India ... First settled in the tenth century B.C.E. by speakers of Proto-South ...

image_caption = Friedrich Nietzsche in 1882 | name = Friedrich Wilhelm ... The German philosopher Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 ...

The Holocaust, also known as The Shoah (Hebrew: השואה HaShoah ... (die "Endlösung der Judenfrage"). The commonly used figure ...

The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively ... The self-interests of the various parties hampered the process over ...

The German Resistance refers to those individuals and groups in Nazi ... The term German Resistance should not be understood as meaning that ...

21, 1926 – September 8, 2022) was Queen of the United Kingdom and other ... In November 1947, she married Philip Mountbatten, a former prince ...

), officially the Hellenic Republic (Greek: Ελληνική Δημοκρα ... ), is a country in Southeastern Europe, situated on the southern end ...

Hungary, officially in English the Republic of Hungary, is a landlocked ... After a Celtic and a Roman period, the foundation of Hungary was laid ...

koku) is an island country that sits off the east coast of Asia. Japan ... Archaeological research indicates that people were living on the islands ...

There was systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union, ... based on the interpretation of political opposition or dissent as ...

Spain, officially the Kingdom of Spain ( Reino de España ), is a country located in Southern Europe, with two small exclaves ...

) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous ... Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centers ...