Search results for "Schools of Buddhism" - New World Encyclopedia

Won Buddhism, Wonbulgyo, a compound of the Korean won (circle) and ... enlightenment in 1916 and had a precognition of the world entering an era of ...

philosophy to classify philosophical schools and persons based on whether ... There are six orthodox schools (i.e. Veda accepting) of Hindu philosophy: ...

The Trikaya doctrine (Sanskrit, meaning "Three Bodies" of ... The Trikaya doctrine became an important part of Mahayana teaching ...

Rinzai-shū, Chinese: Linji-zong) is one of the two major Japanese Zen ... After meeting with opposition from the traditional schools of Buddhism ...

Tendai (天台宗; Tendai-shū) is a Japanese school of Mahayana Buddhism ... set out to reform Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism, reasserting the importance ...

and power. Mudras are an important part of Hinduism and Buddhism and they ... grain." In the Vajrayana schools of Buddhism, mudras symbolize ...

yoga")Lindsay Jones (ed.), Encyclopedia of Religion, 2nd Ed. (Macmillan ... Although Yogācāra, like all Indian schools of Buddhism, eventually ...

quot; in Japanese) (617 – 686), was one of the leading philosophers, writers ... With his life spanning the end of the Three Kingdoms period and the ...

Land School"), also known as Jodo Buddhism, is a branch of Pure Land ... as expressed in the nembutsu (repetition of the name of Amida). Through ...

Vairocana is one of many Buddhas revered by particular sects of Sino ... Derived largely from the teachings of the Mahavairocana Sutra and ...

Samsāra refers to the state of perpetual reincarnation or rebirth ... Others schools of Buddhism dealt with the difficult coexistence of ...

patriarch in the traditional lineage of Chinese Chan. He is said to ... are eliminated and a constant awareness of one’s natural enlightenment ...

medieval Korean noble and politician of the early Joseon dynasty. He ... Goryeo dynasty, took the Neo-Confucianism of Zuxhi and the Cheng brothers ...

Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pāli) is a category of Buddhist ... Historically, Abhidharma started as an elaboration of the teachings ...

religions referring to the entire cycle of cause and effect which governs ... with earthly existence. The concept of karma in Indian philosophy ...

Tongdosa Temple is one of the Three Jewel Temples of Korea, representing ... bell-shaped stupa believed to contain relics of the Buddha, the main representation ...

In another departure from more traditional Pure Land schools of Buddhism ... Earlier schools of Buddhism that came to Japan, including the Tendai ...

The term Indian philosophy may refer to any of several traditions ... All the schools of Indian philosophy are characterized by some common ...

to have met Sengcan, the Third Patriarch of Chan, when he was fourteen ... Daoxin’s teachings emphasized the practice of meditation. He and ...

a state of constant flux. In various schools of Buddhism, Śūnyatā is a key ... Widely misconceived as a doctrine of nihilism, the teaching on the ...

In ancient India, Nālānda (Sanskrit: meaning "giver of knowledge ... The ruins of the monastery are located about 55 miles south east of ...

Giles: Shen-hsiu; Japanese: Jinshū) was one of the most influential Chan Buddhist ... of the 'East Mountain Teachings' (Chinese: tung-shan fa ...

quot; or "blowing out" of the triple fires of greed, ... from the Samyutta Nikaya (a scripture of Buddhism), which describes ...

His name means "Voice of the Buddha" in the Pāli language ... as the most important commentator of the Theravada. Hinüber, 1996 ...

The Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism (JOKB) Korea's largest denomination ... Beginning in the seventh century, two major schools of Buddhism developed ...

Injong of Goryeo (인종 仁宗 1109 – 1146, r. 1122-1146) was the ... Printing with movable metal type was developed during the reign of ...

Chinese philosophy has a history of several thousand years; its origins ... what would become one of the largest schools of Buddhism, the Rinzai school of Zen. ...

Tibetan Buddhism is the body of religious Buddhist doctrine and institutions ... Buddhist metaphysics. Common to all Schools of Buddhism, it states that phenomena ...

Vajrayana Buddhism (also known as Tantric Buddhism, Tantrayāna, Esoteric ... While Vajrayana Buddhism is a part of Tibetan Buddhism, in that it ...

ancient philosophical and ascetic movement of the Indian subcontinent. Philosophically ... The Ajivikas believed that transmigration of the human soul was determined ...

and discipline arising from confluences of Bonpo, Mahasidda, Nyingmapa ... In Tibet, Dampa Sangye is known as the Father of Chod and Machig Labdron ...

Body) is a central concept in Mahayana Buddhism forming part of the Trikaya ... lead beings to their salvation. This aspect of Buddha is the Dharmakaya. The ...

Shingon Buddhism (眞言, 真言 "true words") is a major ... The teachings of Shingon are based on esoteric Vajrayana texts, the ...

Buddhist teacher, philosopher, and founder of the Soto school of Zen in Japan ... His major work, Shobogenzo (literally, "Treasury of the True ...

founded the Madhyamaka (Middle Way) school of Mahāyāna (Great Vehicle) ... major influence not only on the development of Mahayana Buddhist thought, ...

Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its ... Korean Buddhism today consists mostly of the Seon lineage. Seon has ...

The Hwarang denotes a military society of expert Buddhist warriors ... The allure of the Hwarang warrior derives from the sense of a righteous ...

In the religions of India, Maya (Sanskrit māyā, from mā "not ... : This great magic-work (maya) of renowned spiritual Varuna will I ...

Hasshōdō) is the concise summary of the early Buddhist path of ... Specifically, the Noble Eightfold Path consists of the following eight ...

a person, community, tradition, or locus of inspiration. The object of ... 'loyalty' to a particular view of divinity, allegiance to a particular ...

into existence through the enlightenment of Kondanna. Sarnath sits thirteen ... The Buddha mentions Isipatana as one of the four places of pilgrimage ...

Kyudo (弓道) (The "Way of the Bow") is the Japanese art ... approximately half a million practitioners of kyudo today. In Japan, by most ...

Shinran Shonin (親鸞聖人) (1173-1262) was a pupil of Honen and ... new theories about him. Shinran’s theory of Buddhism came from deep insight ...

central and Eastern India as well as parts of the northwest (now Pakistan ... The beginning of larger, centralized polities in India was largely ...

Nichiren (日蓮), was a Buddhist monk of thirteenth century Japan. A ... Nichiren’s ideal of establishing a Buddhist ideal land on earth ...

Phonetic Alphabet, is the central teaching of the Nyingma school of Tibetan ... Many Tibetan lamas, particularly of the Nyingma and Kagyu schools ...

Pashupata Shaivism was one of the main Shaivite schools. The Pashupatas ... the second century C.E. There are accounts of the Pasupata system in the ...

Ancient philosophy is philosophy in antiquity, or before the end of ... concerns that continue to be major parts of the traditions today. ...

is found in the mythological Cretan tale of Daedalus and Icarus, in the ... held in high esteem by almost all schools of Buddhism in spite of their ...

Ekaku, 1686 - 1769) was a major reformer of the Japanese Rinzai school ... For Zen practitioners, the two wheels of Zen are the persistent quest ...

) was an influential Chinese master of Chan (Zen in Japanese) Buddhism ... Huangbo developed the concept of oneness of beings, one of the central ...

He joined a Zen monastery at the age of 16 and was fully ordained ... Hanh was also instrumental in bringing Buddhism to the West, and engaging ...

("to yoke")) refers to a series of interrelated ancient Hindu ... During the twentieth century, the philosophy and practice of Yoga ...

Pinyin: Huìnéng) (638 – 713) was one of the most important figures ... Huineng is regarded as the founder of the "Sudden Enlightenment ...

Chinese Chan master in Tang-era China. He founded one of the five ... height by cultivating the truth embedded within Buddhism. ...

considered to be the original proponent of the Samkhya system of Indian ... Kapila is described within the Puranas as an incarnation of Vishnu ...

who founded the Dvaita (dualistic) school of Hindu philosophy. Dvaita is ... Little is known about the actual life of Shri Madhvacharya, save for ...

played a seminal role in the transmission of Zen Buddhism from India to ... His teachings point to a direct experience of Buddha-Nature rather ...

Asia. He is credited with the translation of some 1,330 fascicles of scriptures ... studying Mahayana alongside other schools of Buddhism. During this time ...

, a Sanskrit word meaning "revered thought," is the name ... the "earlier" (pūrva) portions of the Vedas, the Samhitas and ...

The Nara period ( 奈良時代, Nara-jidai) of the history of Japan ... During the Nara period, the power and influence of Buddhism in Japan ...

famed for his encyclopedic knowledge of Indian and Vedantic learning ... Kumarajiva is mostly remembered for the prolific translation of Buddhist ...

Samkhya, also Sankhya, (Sanskrit for "Enumeration") is one ... Since its philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two eternal ...

Nyaya (Sanskrit meaning "rational argument") is one of the ... to Hindu thought is its elucidation of the pramanas (tools of epistemology ...

formal term for the earliest surviving canon of Buddhist scriptures, also called ... Piṭaka. At least some other early schools of Buddhism had Abhidharma Piṭakas ...

commonly used in the religious practice of Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism ... "to access progressively deeper levels of the unconscious, ultimately ...

Kendo (剣道 Kendō) is the martial art of Japanese fencing, developed ... Kendo is rooted in the lifestyle and the spirit of the Samurai tradition ...

Negative theology (also known as Apophatic theology) is a method of ... presuppositions: Given the vast magnitude of divinity, it is assumed that ...

) is a term used in Tantric Buddhism that means "wheel of time ... Today, Kalachakra is practiced by all four Tibetan schools of Buddhism ...

(Senkadagalapura), a city in the center of Sri Lanka. The name Kandy derives ... most often shortened to Nuvara. The capital of the Central Province and Kandy ...

) is a school of philosophy within Hinduism dealing with the nature ... one of the six orthodox systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy and ...

martial art that utilizes a large variety of techniques in defense against ... sanctioned Jigaro Kano to reform the jutsu schools because so many injuries ...

with Konchog Gyalpo and Marpa, became one of the major figures in the establishment ... Atisha, a Buddhist monk credited with reforming Tibetan Buddhism, ...

Historically, Japan experienced periods of intense cultural and political ... themselves into the Six Nara Schools of Buddhism: Ritsu, Kusha, Jōjitsu ...

, Hanyu Pinyin: bào'ēnsì, English: Temple of Thanksgiving ... in the renovations. Those advances come out of Buddhism's tenet that ...

shaped dynasty in Korea after 1000 years of political influence. Goryeo ... Silla, which had united the Three Kingdoms of Korea in 668, weakened ...

has such standing. There are also a variety of ways such endorsement occurs ... The degree and nature of state backing for a denomination or creed ...

Zanskar is a subdistrict or tahsil of the Kargil district, which lies ... The people of Zanskar have subsisted, until recently, in nearly total ...

(or Lower Himalaya) in the Indian state of West Bengal, located at ... at an average elevation of 1,247 m (4,100 feet). The town serves as ...

Bhedābheda Vedānta (dvaitadvaita) is one of the several traditions ... Vedānta tradition has his own understanding of the precise meanings of the ...

Zen (禅), Japanese for "meditation," is a form of Mahāyāna ... was subsequently transmitted to other parts of Asia including Japan, China ...

sthaviravāda; literally, "the Teaching of the Elders" or "the ... For many centuries, Theravada Buddhism has been the predominant religion ...

Nearly all known traditional denominations of Christianity, including ... regional war lords and approximately 100,000 of their subjects had converted ...

actor and playwright. At the age of 12 he attracted the attention ... Noh theater, as well as Fūshi kaden, a book of instruction for Noh actors ...

) is the most influential sub-school of the Vedānta (Sanskrit for ... . Advaita is often called a monistic system of thought. The word ...

Flow is the mental state of operation in which the person is fully ... The concept of the state of flow is similarly found in the traditions ...

is held vertically like a recorder, instead of transversely like the Western ... the shakuhachi was used by the monks of the Fuke sect of Zen Buddhism ...

quot; or "old") is the name of a genre of popular Indian scriptures ... Hindu bhakti movements and sectarian schools. Two famous Vaisnava Puranas ...

Autonomous Region—a Hui autonomous region of the People's Republic ... contact with Muslim merchants. The presence of the Hui ethnic group, with ...

East Asia was one of the last areas to receive Christianity, beginning ... Korean history has long included elements of Shamanism, Confucianism ...

Ryōkan (良寛) (1758-1831) was a Zen Buddhist monk of the Edo period ... Izumozaki in Echigo Province, on the coast of the Sea of Japan, in 1758. ...

Religion in Korea encompasses Buddhism, Confucianism, Christianity ... from 2333 B.C.E. until the present day. Buddhism, powerfully influenced by ...

art dating from the paintings on the walls of Goguryeo tombs to post-modern ... influenced by Chinese art and the exchange of cultural influences between ...

Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975 - 1025) was one of India's great literary ... had attained enlightenment, is one of the great accomplishments in ...

to Wudangquan or the “internal” styles of Chinese martial arts, which ... Neijia styles teach awareness of the spirit, mind, chi (breath), and ...

Buddhist art refers to the rich and diverse representations of religious ... Early Buddhist art emerged in India and Sri Lanka following the death ...

known as Milinda in Indian sources, was one of the Indo-Greek rulers in northern ... Westerner documented to have converted to Buddhism, renowned for his open-minded ...

The Secret of the Golden Flower ("Tai Yi Jin Hua Zong Zhi" ... “The Secret of the Golden Flower” is an esoteric guide to Daoist ...

Gyeongju is a city (see Subdivisions of South Korea) and prominent ... Gyeongju was the capital of the ancient kingdom of Silla, a fact to ...

Oirat (Oirads, Oyirads, Oirots) is the common name of several pastoral ... approximately two million and were one of the most formidable tribes ...

; Postal map spelling: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the People ... first century. Blessed with an abundance of water, Jiangxi is the rice ...

are said to have attained the realization of siddhis (psychic abilities ... A distinct concept of "siddha" is also found in the religion ...

as Classical Yoga or simply Yoga) is one of the six orthodox (astika) schools ... concerned principally with the cultivation of the mind using meditation ...

or statement from the history and lore of Chan (Zen) Buddhism, generally ... Each koan represents both a communication of some aspect of Zen teaching ...

:Note: This article is about the institution and office of the Dalai ... The Dalai Lama (meaning "Ocean of Wisdom") is an institution ...

be a powerful, evil entity and the tempter of humankind. The name "Devil ... The Hebrew Bible does not assign this level of personification to ...

IAST Vaiśeṣika), is one of the six Hindu schools of philosophy ... Vaisesika is a system of pluralistic realism, which emphasizes that ...

|name = University of Tokyo |native_name = 東京大学 (Tōkyō ... The Yasuda Auditorium on the University of Tokyo's Hongo Campus]] ...

Raku (樂) or Rakuyaki (樂焼き) is a form of Japanese pottery characterized ... tea ceremony influenced the artistic style of Raku potters in Japan. For ...

which male members predominate in positions of power. The term "patriarchy ... patriarchy suggests, this categorization of societal structure is developed ...

The Culture of China (Chinese: 中國文化) is home to one of the ... was already rich and essential in the period of antiquity called the pre-Chin ...

most recognizable structure on the campus of Kyoto University]] It is the second oldest university and one of the leading research universities ...

Gotama), also called Shakyamuni (“sage of the Shakyas,” in Pali "śakamuṇi ... Etymologically, the term Buddha is the past participle of the Sanskrit ...

Noh or Nō (Japanese: 能) is the oldest surviving form of classical ... are taken from the literature and history of the Heian period and are intended ...

) is a province of the People's Republic of China located along ... dramatic upsurge in its economy and standard of living during the twentieth ...

Tibetan art, or “Himalayan art,” refers to the art of Tibet and ... Tibetan visual art consists primarily of murals, thangka (painted religious ...

The Epic of King Gesar is the central epic poem of Tibet and much ... and poems; and serves as a literary record of the development of Tibetan ...

injury" (literally: the avoidance of himsa: violence). The principle ... The ancient principle of ahimsa has had a profound impact on Indian ...

describes a large body of psychophysical techniques whose primary ... with Eastern religions (such as Buddhism, Daoism, and Hinduism), ...

) is a province of the People's Republic of China located in ... Gansu has a unique role in China. Sitting on the terminus of the Silk ...

In other schools of Buddhism, devotion takes different forms. For ... Schools of Buddhism|Buddhahood [[File:Buddhist sects.png|thumb|400px ...

ancient India. Originating from the kingdom of Magadha in the Indo-Gangetic ... At its zenith, the Empire stretched to the northern natural boundaries ...

an 'a' at the end) was the ruler of the Maurya Empire from 273 ... in Sanskrit. Ashoka was the first ruler of ancient Bharata (India), after ...

one’s decisions and actions. The interest of free will in philosophy primarily ... The principle of free will has scientific and religious implications ...

educator. He was a pioneer in the field of secular religious studies. ... reached a popular readership. His defense of religious studies as a secular ...

While some schools of Buddhism—such as Theravada—are called atheistic ... both the Nikaya/Mahayana schools of Buddhism provide deep spiritual ...

quot;) refers to a "descent" of the divine into the realm of ... Due to the correspondences between the Hindu concept of avatar and ...

site in Pakistan containing the ruins of the Gandhāran city of Takshashila ... centre of learning from the sixth century B.C.E."History of Education ...

quot;) are sacred texts that serve a variety of purposes in the individual ... used by Theravada Buddhists. As new schools of Buddhism developed new canons ...

political leader who was the chief architect of the Constitution of India. spent his life fighting against the system of Hindu untouchability and the ...

in addition to their birth name. In the case of Jeon Yak-yong, he received ... As professor Michael Kalton said that it is not only the volume of ...

community. The word literally means out of communion, or no longer in ... Excommunication is the most grave of all ecclesiastical censures. ...

in 1558 when T'oegye was at the peak of his notoriety. However T'oegye ... Xi's Thought in Korea and set the path of Korean Neo-Confucianism leading ...

Sri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka ... in 1948. Although it enjoyed a stable period of democracy and economic progress ...

Shaivism (also spelled Śaivism) refers to a cluster of religious ... With approximately 200 million adherents, Shaivism is one of the most ...

" referring to the academic title of Master of Theology that he ... Meister Eckhart can be considered a symbol of the intellectual spirit ...

) is the collective identity of several Oirat tribes that formed and ... agreements with Russia, gained the support of the Dalai Lama in Tibet, established ...

graphẽ "writing") is a form of ornamental handwriting ... may take precedence over the legibility of the letters. Well-crafted calligraphy ...

is the most complete surviving account of ancient Greek and Roman skepticism ... Almost nothing is known of Sextus Empiricus’s personal life, including ...

Yi Hwang (李滉, 이황 1501-1570) was one of the two most prominent ... in the Joseon court and bureaucracy for most of his life, holding 29 government ...

performers. The Chinese art in the Republic of China (Taiwan) and that of ... China relied heavily on the patronage of the imperial court and the ...

The Sherpa are an ethnic group from the most mountainous region of ... westerners. This has aided in the formation of many organizations to help ...

(Nepali/Hindi: गंगटोक), the capital and largest town of ... and temperate climate, this hill station of about fifty thousand people ...

A virtue is a trait or disposition of character that leads to good ... and Aristotle dealt with virtues in terms of character traits of the soul ...

swordsman. He is believed to have been one of the most skilled swordsmen ... discovered were applicable to diverse phases of human life. He constantly tested ...

Church about whether certain elements of Chinese folk religion (including ... as they sought to create a Chinese version of Christianity instead of trying ...

Physical fitness is used in the context of two meanings: General fitness ... Physical fitness is the capacity of the heart, blood vessels, lungs ...

religion with its origins in the prehistory of India, still practiced today ... that respect and honor the spiritual nature of every living being. Jainism ...

diplomat and the third secretary-general of the United Nations from 1961 ... As a devout Buddhist and practitioner of meditation, Thant brought ...

Haiku (俳句) is a mode of Japanese poetry initiated through a late ... The Hokku of early Japanese poets like Matsuo Basho and Ueshima Onitsura ...

The question of being (Greek, τό ὄν, the present participle of ... Philosophers often suppose a certain sense of being as primary, and ...

Literature in Sanskrit, the classical language of India, represents ... the language and its literature are of great importance in Indian ...

, Urdu: لدّاخ; "land of high passes") is a province ... came to an end in 1834 C.E. when Gulab Singh of Jammu conquered it. The British ...

Wade-Giles: Fa-chia; literally "School of law") was one of the four ... virtue.” Legalists held utilitarian views of humanity and received support ...

Aceh (pronounced AH-chay) is one of the provinces of Indonesia and ... the Acehnese practice Islam, while the rest of the archipelago tends to blend ...

Muslims in India's population as of 2007 (according to government ... Islam has become woven into the very fabric of Indian civilization and culture ...

located in East Asia with a population of nearly three million. Mongolia ... Mongolia was the center of the Mongol Empire in the thirteenth century ...

"soul" denotes the inner essence of a being comprising its locus ... Throughout history, the belief in the existence of a soul has been ...

philosophy or process theology, is a system of thought with its essential ... Whitehead argued that reality consists of entities called "units ...

or more entities. The etymological origins of the word (in Greek διά　 ... A dialogue as a form of communication has a verbal connotation. While ...

Lion dance (s=舞狮|t=舞獅|p=wǔshī) is a form of traditional ... The lion dance continues to be an important part of Chinese culture ...

) is a province of China located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze ... Chongqing to the northwest. The capital city of the province is Changsha. ...

The Yi Jing ("Book of Changes" or "Classic of Changes ... Though the Yi Jing is often cryptic to the point of obscurity (especially ...

" or other variations on the theme of "Ethical." Ethical ... Ethical Culture Society initiated a number of projects to improve the lives ...

genetic studies indicate that the ancestors of the Tibetan people diverged ... Tibet was forcibly incorporated into the People's Republic of ...

Qinghai is a province of the People's Republic of China located ... Qinghai, a province remote to the centers of power in China and newly ...

) is the capital of Bangladesh and the principal city of Dhaka District ... was both a provincial capital and a center of the world-wide muslin trade ...

) are a large corpus of texts originating in ancient India. They are ... "not of the authorship of man, of divine origin") ...

The question of the meaning of life is perhaps the most fundamental ... This question has resulted in a wide range of competing answers and ...

other religions including Hinduism and Buddhism, which Christianity seemed ... on February 3, 1909 to an agnostic family of Jewish origin. Her father was ...

philosophy refers to the belief that a part of a living being survives death ... The monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam generally ...

; Postal map spelling: Shansi) is a province of the People's ... refers to the province's location west of the Taihang Mountains. Its ...

Philosophy of action is chiefly concerned with human action, intending ... ==Action in the History of Philosophy== Since action has ties to central ...

, is the largest port city in the Republic of Korea. With a population of ... was more than doubled by an influx of refugees from the north. Busan ...

Hawaii is the 50th state of the United States, achieving statehood ... as the Sandwich Islands, form an archipelago of 19 islands and atolls, numerous ...

Malaysia is a federation of 13 states in Southeast Asia. ... The name "Malaysia" was adopted in 1963 when the Federation ...

"clear-seeing") denotes a form of extra-sensory perception in ... Most cultures throughout history have anecdotal reports of clairvoyance ...

the Jewish term gentile, the Islamic notions of infidel and kafir, and the ... used to criticize and demonize the adherents of non-Christian faiths since ...

to his or her disadvantage through the use of “soft” techniques such ... The origins of tai chi chuan are known only through legend and speculation ...

" and Janapada "foothold of a tribe," "country ... Most of the historical details about the Mahajanapadas are culled ...

- third century B.C.E.) is the compiler of the Yoga Sutra, a major work ... The Yoga Sūtra serves as the basis of the yoga-system known as Raja ...

quot;) is the English name for a cluster of Chinese religious and philosophical ... # a family of organized Chinese religious movements, such as the Zhengyi ...

"Kan-Yu" which means 'The Law of Heaven and Earth.’ ... Feng shui is the ancient Chinese practice of placement and arrangement ...

The Kingdom of Bhutan is a landlocked South Asian nation situated ... One of the most isolated nations in the world, Bhutan is often described ...

Japanese), is a fundamental concept of traditional Chinese culture ... The idea of qi represents one of the unique and foundational elements ...

the mid-1980s and attracted growing numbers of young adherents from leading ... in Russia and engaged in assassinations of opponents. As the result of ...

This article focuses on the civilization of China and its history ... and nation in East Asia. It is one of the world's oldest civilizations ...

Maldives, officially the Republic of Maldives, is an island nation ... the Maldivian ethnic identity is a blend of people of South Indian, Sinhalese ...

The Kingdom of Thailand, known as Siam until 1939, lies in Southeast ... in the Thai language and is also the name of the majority Thai ethnic group. ...

break in the relation occurs in a variety of forms, such as the estrangements ... Christian theologians have suggested that the three levels of alienation ...

Ashgabat (Aşgabat) is the capital and largest city of Turkmenistan ... Ashgabat, a city of around 900,000, is primarily a government and ...

called the Tokugawa period, is a division of Japanese history running from ... The Edo period is known as the beginning of the early modern period ...

Tibetan people. With an average elevation of 16,000 feet, (4,900 meters ... Songtsän Gampo united numerous tribes of the region. From 1578, leadership ...

) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located on ... refers to the province's location east of the Taihang Mountains. Its ...

Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country south of ... Senegal, though poor, has a tradition of political stability and peaceful ...

The music of China dates back to the dawn of Chinese civilization ... With the establishment of the Republic of China in 1911, there was ...

to consider) refers to any doctrine or way of thought denying the ability ... Originating in the human tendency to question the reliability of any ...

Urdu: کشمیر) is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Historically ... Kashmir, and the Chinese administered region of Aksai Chin. ...

, IPA: [kəɾˈnɑːʈəkɑː]), a state in the southern part of India ... Kerala to the southwest. The state covers an area of 191791|sqkm|sqmi ...

The cuisine of India is one of the world's most diverse cuisines ... India’s unique blend of cuisines evolved through large-scale cultural ...

as art. Every culture since the beginning of human existence has sculpted ... As intelligence develops the human ability to use the materials of ...

that people require the positive influence of teachers and ritual praxis ... Little is known of the historical Xunzi, save that he was born in ...

Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions ... There are three main subjects of Chinese painting: human figures, ...

danse 1874.jpg|right|200px|thumb|An artifact of "high culture": a ... or to honor), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic ...

means “to practice and learn the way of the truth.” Xiuzhen combines ... Certain aspects of Xiushen, such as veneration of parents and elders ...

one" or "March 1") was one of the earliest manifestations ... demonstrations failed to accomplish the goal of effecting independence, they ...

The relationship between church and state is the institutional form ... " (Mark 12:17) fostered the development of separate rival Church and State ...

A flag is a piece of cloth, often flown from a pole or mast, that ... The history of the flag dates back to at least Roman times. The study ...

Chicago is the largest city in the state of Illinois and the largest ... Located at the site of a portage between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi ...

died in Adyar, India where she was President of the Theosophical Society from ... satisfied if I could have touched the hem of [her] garment" ...

all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, invisible, indestructible ... Traditional atomism is used in two distinct domains: The atoms of ...

Folklore is the body of expressive culture, including tales, music ... As the world is increasingly globalized, preservation of traditional ...

Protestants, Catholics, and a small number of Orthodox Christians. Although ... The Nestorians were accepted in China because of their ability to ...

Meiji-jidai) denotes the 45 year reign of Emperor Meiji, running, in ... revolution that brought about the fall of the Tokugawa shogunate and ...

also spelled "Djawa") is an island of Indonesia and the site of its ... Formed mostly as the result of volcanic events, Java is the 12th largest ...

archaic Korean for "the great middle (of autumn)"), is a major ... respect to their ancestors and share a feast of Korean traditional food such ...

, is the most populous prefecture and city in Japan, and the center ... It is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and, unique among the prefectures ...

States, located in the north-central part of the state, near the junction ... Dallas is the main economic center of the 12 county Dallas, Fort Worth ...

wide readership for his lyrical explorations of spirituality and psychology ... XVI, because it "exposes the problem of modernity's isolated and ...

in Indian culture and based on teachings of the Vedas. Hinduism is the ... taught at universities results from the work of the theosophist, Annie Besant ...

Japanese art covers a wide range of art styles and media, including ... impressionism. Japanese aesthetic principles of simplicity and understatement ...

Virtue ethics is one of three major theories in normative ethics, ... The roots of the tradition of virtue ethics lie in the works of Plato ...

Philosophy is the systematic study of the foundations of human knowledge ... Traditionally at least, it is not the pursuit of knowledge for knowledge’s ...

) are a Turkic people of Central Asia. Today Uyghurs live primarily ... The earliest use of the term "Uyghur" (Weihu), during the ...

) refers to a town in the Indian state of West Bengal, the headquarters ... back to the mid nineteenth century as part of a British development of the ...

is the largest city and commercial capital of Sri Lanka. Located on the west ... years. However, it only became the capital of the nation after Sri Lanka ...

Maine and Vermont were considered part of other colonies at the time ... freedom. Massachusetts was also one of the key colonies in the events ...

) is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China ... on the island. The People's Republic of China government claims Hainan ...

a rigid adherence to what it conceives of as the fundamental principles ... to return to the "fundamentals" of Biblical faith, and who stressed ...

paper") is the Japanese art of paper folding. The goal of ... Origami only uses a small number of different folds, but they can ...

"wool") is a mystical tradition of Islam dedicated to experiencing ... Sufis believe that excessive rationalism blocks human understanding ...

Asia. Laos traces its history to the Kingdom of Lan Xang or Land of a Million ... in 1986 the government announced a range of reforms designed to create ...

and endless debate as the topic of God. In the English language ... Throughout history, the vast majority of people in the world have ...

(香|香 港|港), is one of the two special administrative regions ... Hong Kong was a crown colony of the United Kingdom from 1842 until ...

The Republic of India (Hindi: भारत गणराज्य ... name for the Indus River. The Constitution of India and common usage in Hindi ...

journalist and novelist, who was one of the leading literary figures ... death, as Dreiser did not live to see many of his novels published in their ...

Korean literature is the body of literature produced in Korea or by ... The development of Korean Literature is quite unique due to the creation ...

Kingston, the capital, the largest city, and chief port, of Jamaica ... rule, Kingston became the prosperous center of Jamaica's trade, and a ...

Wellington is the capital of New Zealand, the country's second ... area extends well beyond the boundaries of a single local authority. Greater ...

that contains information on all branches of knowledge or a particular branch ... (pron. enkyklos paideia), literally 'the things of boys/child ...

Seoul, the capital of South Korea, sits on the Han River (Korea) in ... Seoul, one of the world's most densely populated major cities ...

languages), is the official language of the Indian state of Andhra ... Telugu is mainly spoken in the state of Andhra Pradesh and in the ...

instructor, and actor widely regarded as one of the most influential martial ... Like many of his colleagues, Lee saw the martial arts in part as a ...

15, 1542 – October 27, 1605) was the ruler of the Moghul Empire from the ... Akbar is best known for his vision of empire as an interfaith community—a ...

The dynasty originated in the fertile valley of the Kaveri River. Karikala ... The Cholas reached the height of their power during the tenth, eleventh ...

opinion about the general orientation of his system, it must be acknowledged ... Unlike German Idealism, the prevalent philosophy of his day, Schopenhauer’s ...

The Day of the Dead (Spanish: Día de los Muertos) is a holiday celebrated ... Aztec and Mesoamerican roots. The Day of the Dead is widely observed ...

Vedic Hinduism and the supreme deva (god) of the Rigveda scripture. Known ... the Vedas in the heterodox Indian schools of Buddhism and Jainism, Indra ...

social circumstances that governed the lives of the various ethnic groups in ... Little is known about the earliest cultures in the region. The Plain ...

Vietnam officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a nation in ... to 1975 brought Vietnam to the attention of the world. That war has been ...

and Sri Lanka. A sari is a very long strip of unstitched cloth, ranging from ... long decorative borders running the length of the sari, and a one- to three ...

North Dakota is a state located in the Midwestern and Western regions ... The Missouri River flows through the western part of the state and ...

Nepal in the west, Tibet Autonomous Region of China to the north and east ... highest peak, sits in the northwestern part of the state on the boundary with ...

by the belief that while one set of beliefs is absolutely true ... Broadly speaking, there are two schools of Inclusivist thought: ...

Jamaica is an island nation of the West Indies. The third largest ... island Xaymaca (Jamaica), meaning "Land of Wood and Water." Christopher ...

psychologist who helped found the school of transpersonal psychology. He ... His humanistic model allowed psychologists and students of psychology ...

Vermont is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United ... and Indian War. For many years, control of the area was disputed by the ...

) is an ancient Indo-European classical language of South Asia, a ... The corpus of Sanskrit literature encompasses a rich tradition of ...

The People's Republic of Bangladesh lies in a corner of South ... for whom what is called the "myth of return" never quite dies ...

the southwest and the People's Republic of China to the southeast. girls," a reference to the Manas of folklore unifying 40 tribes ...

; literally "south of the clouds") is a province of the ... Yunnan has earned fame for the natural beauty of its setting from ...

Kanji Kun'yomi (Japanese reading) of 定家, (1162 – September ... of Japanese poets, and perhaps the greatest master of the waka form ...

east. The Balinese people are descendants of a prehistoric race who migrated ... Most of the Balinese people are involved in agriculture, primarily ...

are a list of religious and moral laws, which, according to biblical ... and codes. Many other religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism have ...

North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ... The history of North Korea formally began with the establishment of ...

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is an island nation ... The site of ancient port cities and a possession of several empires ...

#039; to spread Gnostic teachings. Author of over 60 books, Samael Aun Weor ... sexual practices as the highest form of religious devotion and articulated ...

) was a non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of ... The six core members of the group were arrested by the Gestapo, convicted ...

An alphabet is a standard set of letters (basic written symbols or ... A true alphabet has letters for the vowels of a language as well as ...

was a Chinese religious prophet and leader of the Taiping Rebellion (1850–1864 ... Hong proclaimed the "Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping" and began to ...

), a form of ritual dance drama, originated in the Southern Indian ... Krishnattom and Ramanattom, emerged as part of Vaishnavism, when cultural ...

Vaishnavism (Sanskrit for "belonging to Vishnu") is one ... within Hinduism, with the vast majority of adherents situated in India ...

island country that sits off the east coast of Asia. Japan comprises over ... Korea in the sixth century. Japanese schools of Buddhism also developed, such ...

California is a state on the West Coast of the United States, along ... changed California, sparking a large influx of people and a sustained economic ...

total) is the idea that all the properties of a given system (biological ... The general principle of holism was concisely summarized by Aristotle ...

) is a range of traditional medical practices originating in China ... TCM theory asserts that processes of the human body are interrelated ...

; also romanized as Nei Mongol) is a Mongol autonomous region of the ... The official languages of Inner Mongolia are Standard Mandarin and ...

Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 – April 5, 1975) was one of the ... to retreat to Taiwan (The Republic of China) where he continued serving ...

in Kannada) stood as a prominent South Indian empire that ruled most ... The Hoysala rulers originally lived as hill peoples of Malnad Karnataka ...

The Islamic Republic of Pakistan, or Pakistan, is a country located ... in the world. Its territory was a part of the pre-partitioned British ...

Freedom of religion is a political principle guaranteeing freedom ... The Universal Declaration of Human Rights adopted by the United Nations ...

a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of southern, central and northern ... The clan that ruled from Elichpur had been a feudatory of the Badami ...

26, 1976) is considered by many to be one of the most significant and influential ... Messkirch in Boden, a rural Catholic region of Germany. His father was a craftsman ...

Most broadly, mind is the organized totality of the mental processes of an ... Aspects of mind are also attributed to complex animals, which are ...

Réunion is an island, located in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar ... It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which are volcanic in origin; ...

Popularly, Love is any of a number of emotions and experiences related ... The ancient Greeks described love with a number of different words: ...

for God (or the gods), with the purpose of delivering a divinely inspired ... the Mari tablets, discovered on the banks of the Euphrates in northern Mesopotamia ...

* the nations of Australia and New Zealand * islands of the South Pacific, including Australia, New Zealand, ...

Los Angeles is the largest city in the state of California and the ... in the United States. The citizens of Los Angeles speak more than ...

Consciousness at its simplest refers to sentience or awareness of ... Beyond the problem of how to define consciousness, there are also ...

It is also called Aotearoa or the "Land of the Long White Cloud" ... 270,000 km², is about the same as that of Colorado and somewhat smaller ...

Shaktism is a denomination of Hinduism that worships Shakti (or Devi ... and points toward the fundamental necessity of a female image of the divine ...

]); formerly known as Cochin), a city in the Indian state of Kerala ... north of the state capital, Thiruvananthapuram. It has an estimated ...

- an important ruling dynasty of ancient Karnataka in India ... After the rise of the imperial Chalukyas of Badami, the Gangas accepted ...

#039;s idealism is based upon the notion of Absolute Spirit, his idealism ... His philosophy can be best understood within the contexts of German ...

at the world primarily from the perspective of one's own ethnic culture ... they have adopted their values and standards of behavior. The problem is that ...

denotes Russians citizens and/or residents of Korean descent living on Sakhalin ... The Sakhalin Koreans experienced slaughter at the hands of the Russians ...

New York City, officially named the City of New York, is the most ... The city is at the center of international finance, politics, entertainment ...

meaning “to serve”; a samurai is the retainer of a lord. by integrating Confucian ethics and Zen Buddhism, which played an important ...

Arguments or proofs for the Existence of God have been proposed by ... Being, Being-itself, the source and Creator of all beings, or in other similar ...

New York is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Northeastern regions ... British annexation in 1664. About one third of all of the battles of the Revolutionary ...

language did not have a writing system of its own. Chinese characters ... Kanji includes new characters created in Japan, and modifications ...

(monastērion) denotes the buildings of a community of monastics (monks ... by community rules that stipulate the gender of the inhabitants and require ...

and south-central United States. Because of the region's unique cultural ... After the Civil War, the South was largely devastated in terms of ...

Homosexuality refers to sexual interaction between individuals of ... to spiritual progress in most schools of Buddhism. References to pandaka ...

26, 363), was a Roman Emperor (361–363) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... attribute the Philosopher during the period of his life and of those of his ...

The beloved leader of Burma's democracy movement, Aung San Suu ... his culture's traditions in the naming of his daughter. In Burmese historical ...

largest city in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located ... south of the Canada – United States border in King County, of which ...

Hermeticism is a set of philosophical and religious beliefs based ... The movement is generally traced to Alexandria in the first centuries ...

texts developed an elaborate hierarchy of physically immortal beings ... "immortality." Some scholars of Taoism allege that later practitioners ...

ಸಾಮ್ರಾಜ್ಯ) ruled most of the western Deccan, South India ... For over a century, the two empires of southern India, the Western ...

Afghānistān, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (Pashto ... in the north, and the People's Republic of China in the far northeast ...

1961) was a Swiss psychiatrist and founder of analytical psychology. He was ... Born in Kesswil, in the Swiss canton of Thurgau on July 26, 1875, ...

North Pyeongan Province, which is now part of North Korea. He founded the ... teachings are published as the Exposition of the Divine Principle (1996). ...

Panama, officially the Republic of Panama ( República de Panamá ), is the southernmost country of Central America. Situated on an ...

years. The oldest extant works show signs of maturity indicating an even ... A revival of Tamil literature took place from the late nineteenth ...

The Kingdom of Norway, commonly known as Norway, is a Nordic country ... Norway plays a significant role in the pursuit of stability and world ...

The Toraja (meaning "people of the uplands") are an ethnic ... social events, usually attended by hundreds of people and lasting for several days. ...

most prominent in the first few centuries of the Common Era. It is also ... The origins of gnosticism are not clearly known, but there is general ...

Brunei, officially the State of Brunei, Abode of Peace (Negara Brunei ... world not holding elections. A long period of political stability has been ...

Vishnu as the all-pervading essence of all beings, the master of—and ... Vishnu is also venerated as Mukunda, Supreme God who is the giver ...

The Kingdom of Cambodia is a country in Southeast Asia, the successor ... could have a profound impact on the future of Cambodia's economy. ...

or Greater Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest ... Auckland has the largest Polynesian population of any city in the world ...

Honduras, officially Republic of Honduras (República de Honduras ... the south by the Pacific Ocean at the Gulf of Fonseca, and to the north by ...

]]/) is a state in the Pacific Northwest and Great Plains regions ... also important to the economy, with millions of visitors a year to Glacier ...

2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was one of the most important leaders ... As a member of a privileged and wealthy family, he studied law in ...

in most cases, a constitutional declaration of belief in a Supreme Being. recognize each other through a process of landmarks and regularity. There ...

to the religion developed from the teachings of the Persian prophet Zarathushtra ... influential on the history, culture, and art of Persia, as well as on the development ...

or Padang) is indigenous to the highlands of West Sumatra, in Indonesia ... A cultural tradition of seeking education outside the community has ...

Not to be confused with the People's Republic of China For the civilization of China and its history see China ...

Overseas Chinese are people of Chinese birth or descent who live outside ... Chinese dominate almost all the economies of Southeast Asia, and have sometimes ...

The Industrial Revolution was a major shift of technological, socioeconomic ... century, eventually affecting most of the world. The impact of this ...

Brazil, officially the Federative Republic of Brazil, is the largest ... among different ethnic groups has been part of the country's history ...

is on the Pacific Ocean, while the east side of the country is on the Caribbean Sea. The country's name is derived from "Nicarao," the name ...

when the last Sassanid Shahanshah (King of Kings), Yazdegerd III (632 ... Often tolerant of religious minorities, Jewish life flourished during ...

transcontinental country extending over much of northern Eurasia (Asia and Europe). ... Socialist Republic (RSFSR), a republic of the Union of Soviet Socialist ...

1844 – August 25, 1900) is known as one of the main representatives of ... If a philosopher is to be a pioneer of thought, trying to open up ...

Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is a branch of philosophy; it ... Baumgarten in 1735 to mean "the science of how things are known via the ...

Augustine of Hippo or Saint Augustine (November 13, 354 – August ... Born in what is present-day Algeria as the eldest son of Saint Monica ...

Language 32 (1) (Jan-Mar 1956): 5, India as a Lingustic Area. quote ... The art and architecture of the Tamil people encompass some of the ...

by Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron Hardinge of Penshurst.]] ... known as Calcutta), which became part of post-independence India. A ...

), officially the Republic of Austria ( Republik Österreich ... The origins of modern Austria date back to the ninth century, when ...

Decolonization refers to the undoing of colonialism, the establishment ... newly independent nation cherished as a sign of membership in the community ...

The land within the borders of today's Portuguese Republic has ... Asia and South America, Portugal was one of the world's major economic ...

) is the capital and largest city of Mexico, and the most populous ... Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centers ...

Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, a country in ... federal republic, historically consisting of several sovereign states with ...

is situated on the River Neva, at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the ... Peter the Great on 27 May 1703 on the site of a captured Swedish fortress ...

revolutionary and a founding father of the People's Republic ... Born the son of a wealthy farmer in Shaoshan, Hunan, Mao adopted a ...