Search results for "Imperial Reform" - New World Encyclopedia

abolished in 1911. However, the imperial family continued to enjoy ... Long Yu did what she could to preserve and protect the imperial heritage ...

(c.1530 – c. 1630) was a political reform movement organized among ... 1621-1624 they were able to influence imperial policy in Peking. In the ...

Classical era who was influential in the reform opera movement which combined ... the closest he approached the famous reform ideals usually associated ...

reforms were enacted that gave imperial subjects a series of new ... ===Election reform of 1882=== Count Taaffe is mainly remembered for ...

as one of the last major statesmen of Imperial Russia with a clearly defined ... The failure to implement meaningful reform and bring Russia into the ...

he is noted for having attempted to reform the Catholic Church administratively ... In 1507, Adrian entered the world of imperial politics when he was ...

The Imperial examinations or Keju ( t=科舉|p=kējǔ government official by passing the imperial examination. Examinations ...

Shogunate in 1867 and the restoration of Imperial rule. Several events have ... quot;restoration" (Taisei Hōkan) of imperial rule, although Yoshinobu ...

He served as chairman of the Imperial Shipping Committee from 1920 ... rather than the Statistics of Tariff Reform. London: Simpkin. ...

as the official ideology of the Chinese imperial state in 136 B.C.E., and ... including the establishment of an imperial university, and the requirement ...

by the emperor to appear before the Imperial Diet. Prince Frederick III ... Emperor Charles V opened the imperial Diet of Worms on January 22 ...

main responsibilities were managing the imperial library and calendar. Under ... ill for not being allowed to attend the Imperial Feng Sacrifice. Suspecting ...

to become preparatory schools for the Imperial Examinations. However, the ... the purpose of preparing students for the Imperial Examination, although there ...

taught. In 1030, he placed first in the imperial examinations and was appointed ... In 1030, he placed first in the imperial examinations and was appointed ...

took advantage of the confusion to lessen imperial (German) influence in Italy; ... to decide whether a King is worthy of the imperial crown and to arbitrate or ...

rail, and mining concessions. Imperial Germany responded to the ... in the region and the failure of the Imperial court's "self ...

strength and legitimacy of rule by the imperial family. In 603, Shōtoku ... the Asuka period as ending with the Taika Reform of 646. Okakura, however ...

hired Japanese men to invade the Korean imperial residence and assassinate ... Sabatin had graduated from the Russian Imperial Military Academy and came ...

advanced to be the unrivaled head of the reform movement then stirring the city. ... now in the throes of its own secularizing reform. When Arnold arrived, he ...

seen by many as encouraging Japan's imperial ambitions and militaristic ... which acted as bridgeheads for future imperial advances, particularly during ...

devote new resources to education, legal reform, and charitable works. The ... in his kingdom, and that he attempted to reform Slavic paganism by establishing ...

was the first nail in the coffin of imperial China. A short time later ... II of Russia (an ally of France) and his imperial advisers, including his ...

1836 - December 10, 1867) was a Japanese imperial loyalist whose effort to ... 200 lower samurai who insisted on the reform of the Tosa government. Since ...

In 1858 during the War of the Reform, a Civil War that aimed to reduce ... to the chaos caused by the War of the Reform, asked him to join the imperial ...

out between his supporters and the new imperial forces, Kaishu negotiated ... who opposed modern military reform. Within a few years, all of Kaishu ...

of what became Japanese Tendai. Under imperial patronage, and popular among ... in his Tendai school. Tendai set out to reform Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism ...

from which Jan Hus later spread his reform ideas, was built for the ... from the Catholic Church, only its reform. He maintained that Jesus ...

an extremely influential figure at the Imperial Court of the Ming Dynasty ... govern them. Xu's brief received the imperial stamp, "Noted." ...

wine-merchant, traveling to Germany, Imperial Russia, and the Netherlands ... group, had devoted himself to political reform, while Enfantin, who favored ...

died in 1745, Maria Theresa obtained the imperial crown for her husband, Francis ... In 1771, she and Joseph II issued the Robot Patent, a reform that ...

Emperor in 1898 after the Hundred Days’ Reform, and fled to the countryside ... for taking advantage of both the Qing imperial court and the Republicans ...

uncle Platon, was a high-official in the imperial financial administration. ... The family, therefore, controlled a significant portion of the imperial ...

for another two years of training at the Imperial Military Academy in Tokyo ... ;Economic reform Park played a pivotal role in the development of South ...

government sanctioned Jigaro Kano to reform the jutsu schools because ... the country and the establishment of the Imperial family. Sumai (or sumo) ...

The first reform was the promulgation of the Five Charter Oath in ... to strengthen the foundations of imperial rule. Implicit in the Charter ...

Goryeo established the capital in Gaeseong ("Imperial Capital ... died in 1184 before he could bring about reform. Yi Ui-min, the son of a ...

culture. Silla, through corruption in the imperial families and through corruption ... of rule (usually 300 to 500 years) by an imperial line, the beginning of which ...

weakened the aristocracy, the basis of Imperial Russia, without creating ... its natural resources and thoroughly to reform all branches of the administration ...

and rejected the claims of members of the imperial family such as Prince Mikasa ... A major land reform was also conducted, led by Wolf Ladejinsky of ...

in Nara and took up residence at the imperial temple of Tōdaiji. The ... to a piece of land granted to him by the imperial court in the western part ...

Alexander III's regime emphasized central, imperial authority ... In hindsight, had Alexander III continued the course for reform set ...

whose great wealth aided the Austrian imperial house during the Turkish ... (1630-1703), who was a banker, imperial court financier, diplomat ...

0 Count Sergei Witte and the Twilight of Imperial Russia: A Biography] (Armonk ... in Russia and the authority to impose a reform on the tariffs charged. ...

Marxists, the emphasized the gradual reform of capitalism to greater ... "the breeding of even a moderately Imperial race" which would be ...

Great Qing. The Qing Dynasty was the last Imperial dynasty of China. Declared ... Chinese culture, and saw the height of Imperial Chinese influence. However ...

декабристов) was staged in Imperial Russia by army officers ... The driving force for reform in Alexander’s regime was Mikhail Speransky ...

Haining.” At seventeen he passed the imperial civil service examination ... ” Wang Guowei and Cai Yuanpei hoped to reform the obsolete Chinese educational ...

between a liberal faction that favored reform and modernization, and a ... process was supervised by the Kang Ci Imperial Dowager Consort. Cixi was ...

defeat in World War II did Japan cease imperial ambitions. ... ====The Imperial Japanese Navy==== [[Image:Itoh Sukeyuki.jpg|thumb ...

039;s criticisms, and to promote necessary reform, caused the birth of Protestant ... planning a crusade and in considering the reform of the clergy, a new crisis ...

program without falling prey to its imperial ambitions. When the Progressives ... but the royal court turned away their Imperial envoy at Tongrae in 1873 ...

against colonial domination. And the imperial British grew wealthy at ... which the destruction of the Chinese Imperial Old Summer Palace was begun… ...

The Ottoman Empire represents one of the largest imperial projects ... : Osmanlı İmparatorluğu) was an imperial power centered on the borders ...

of a failed coup d'etat against the reform leader Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991. ... Many factors played key roles in the collapse of the imperial regime ...

At the annual examinations at the Imperial Academy of Arts, Shevchenko ... quot;) was found. This poem criticized imperial rule, personally attacked ...

their so-called "great game" of imperial rivalry. (This term is attributed ... of 1907, Britain and Russia (with imperial hubris) divided their playground ...

Party member, a campaigner for educational reform, and President of the Board ... #039;s Liberal administration introduced a Reform Bill, aiming to create 400 ...

the Meiji Restoration, the restoration of imperial rule by the fifteenth and ... which existed in equilibrium with the imperial court, to the Tokugawa shogunate ...

seeking to return political power to the imperial court. The war found its ... broke this last holdout and left the imperial rule supreme throughout ...

ability, in addition to many other noteworthy reform measures. ... raised Daewongun to the rank of Imperial Prince, with the title of ...

The nine-year compulsory education reform was made possible in 16 counties ... It is also home to the Western Xia Imperial Tombs, which are popularly ...

He soon joined a secret society of reform-minded officers called Vatan ... Turkey from the Ottoman culture and imperial past led to neglect of the ...

oversaw South Vietnam's failed land reform policy, and was accused of ... secured reparations from Japan for its imperial occupation of Vietnam during ...

Holstein by his country and constitutional reform. He became a professor of ... of his Roman history to incorporate the imperial period. Notes taken during ...

the state, the gradual withdrawal of imperial authority during the fifth ... a pope. The East, however, continued its imperial Christian tradition without ...

called the Industrial Revolution. Although reform movements began to address ... In ancient China, imperial and private workshops, mills, and small ...

the city converted to Calvinism. Being an imperial elector, this could have ... preoccupied with the Uzkok War, hurried to reform an army to stop the Bohemians ...

antiquity, he is best remembered for his reform of the legal code through ... senatorial consults (senatusconsulta), imperial decrees, case law, and jurists ...

His full set of titles was: "His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie I ... Ali Abajifar. He inherited his imperial blood through his paternal ...

up his residence there and settled in the imperial town of Freiburg im Breisgau ... having misinterpreted his utterances about reform and reiterating his determination ...

one of the earliest Viennese composers to reform the waltz from a simple peasant ... his famous Radetzky March in honor of the imperial general and Strauss and ...

Gapon, were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards ... for the Tsarist autocracy governing Imperial Russia: the events in St ...

This was followed by the arrival of the Imperial British East Africa Company ... Kenyatta instituted a relatively peaceful land reform; on the other ...

the promulgation of Diocletian's imperial edict against the Christians ... This second feast was suppressed after the reform of the Catholic Church's ...

the Red Turbans increased to pressure to reform. Reformed-minded Sinjin aristocracy ... heralding the beginning of Japanese imperial expansion in East Asia. ...

Nicholas received little grooming for his imperial role. When Alexander died ... was not ungracious to Witte, and an imperial rescript was published on ...

had at the time no parallel among other imperial powers, such as the British ... which included the need for economic reform, tax reform and halting any ...

He built the city of Prague into an imperial capital and founded the ... to the Nazi Reichsprotektor ('imperial protector'). Approximately ...

In 1969, Chávez and members of the UFW marched through the Imperial ... The UFW during Chavez's tenure was committed to immigration reform ...

up of China and continuous economic reform. Shenzhen eventually became ... as the development of non-tradable share reform, offers many opportunities ...

were models of progressive penal reform and were focused predominately ... Both Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union used Siberia as a penal ...

transformation of society through monetary reform, the establishment of cooperative ... because it was pursuing political reform at the expense of the socio ...

had played a vital role during the great imperial age, when bases were acquired ... it is likely to be part of a larger reform program probably also extending ...

maintain his hold on power. Constitutional reform (in the form of the "October ... banning them from voting; serving in the Imperial Guard or Navy; and limiting ...

Whig (Liberal) proposals for parliamentary reform. [[Image:Gladstone ... in 1859, he opposed further electoral reform, but he moved toward the ...

but was a serious drain on the imperial finances. When Otto I died ... center of the movement for ecclesiastical reform, and in particular with its ...

1871. Although decidedly a Neo-Confucian reform movement with Buddhist, Shaman ... the Korean people to resist the imperial desires of Europe through ...

Augustus, it was subsumed into the Imperial office. Its last use with ... Julius Caesar introduced the calendar reform that created the Julian calendar ...

Neither the ecclesiastical nor the imperial authority was exerted to ... took in this aroused the anger of the imperial controversialists. The Faith ...

that resulted in a deteriorating economy. A reform program began in 1989 and reduced the government's role in the country's economics and ...

he governed India at the zenith of imperial power. His main concern ... the Commons, often dealing with Ireland or reform of the House of Lords (which ...

==Pre-Imperial Mali== The Mandinka kingdoms of Mali or Manden had already ... partners in the realm and part of the imperial nucleus. The lands of Bambougou ...

Nichiren's efforts as an attempt to reform contemporary Buddhism; Nichiren ... and flourished under the patronage of the imperial class. Saicho’s Tendai ...

hypocrisy, they rebelled against their imperial masters demanding self-determination ... of speeches in favor of parliamentary reform, attacking such inequalities ...

English free trade policies and advocating tariff reform. ... Joseph Chamberlain's plans for tariff reform. An opponent of laissez-faire ...

increased social and religious renewal and reform across his society. Ashoka ... The Empire divided into four provinces, with the imperial capital ...

of beer: a yard glass (approximately 3 imperial pints or 1.7 liters) in ... than immediately initiating extensive reform programs, Hawke announced ...

she provided support to a Polish anti-reform group known as the Targowica ... books from his heirs and placed it in the Imperial Public Library. ...

five years to the passage of the Reform Act 1832. This was a long ... in the direction of gradual political reform and the widening of the voting ...

ending thousands of years of powerful imperial rule, and theoretically ... * Furth, Charlotte. “Intellectual change: from the Reform movement ...

consisting of a declaration of religious reform issued by the emperor Cyrus ... * Kuhrt, A. "The Cyrus Cylinder and Achaemenid imperial policy ...

nations of Spain and Portugal began their imperial projects. The dominance ... The Imperial Coronation of Charlemagne on Christmas day of 800 is ...

long-established centers and kilns. Imperial courts across Asia imported ... The Nguyen dynasty also patronized the performing arts, such as imperial ...

power in the region, since her own imperial future could even be jeopardized ... took action against the government to reform their country's national ...

Archduke Charles, brother of the Austrian Emperor, had started to ... attack the French right. The Russian Imperial Guard was held in reserve ...

--> Many Christian ideals prompted reform movements within the ... * Cox, Jeffrey. Imperial Fault Lines Christianity and Colonial Power ...

role in limiting the growth of the Reform Movement in England. ... lighting to European cities via the Imperial Continental Gas Association ...

under the direction of a minister of the imperial government. Each new Chinese ... that the calendar be reformed and the imperial government commissioned ...

Rise of Historical Econonics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864–1894 ... policy, economic, social and fiscal reform, and economics as an academic ...

Sun Yat-sen was a unifying figure in post-Imperial China, and remains unique ... After the collapse of the Hundred Days of Reform in September 1898, Kang Youwei ...

evolved to mean the lands under direct imperial rule. English and many ... The site of the Forbidden City was part of the Imperial city during ...

receiving the Iron Cross, the Cross of Imperial Russia, and the International ... "An institution or reform movement that is not selfish, must ...

of education a key part of its educational reform process. According to figures ... cooking that was originally intended for Imperial feasts and other important ...

would proceed with radical market-oriented reform along the lines of Poland ... Main article: Russian economic reform in the 1990s The conversion of ...

especially the Reconstructionist, Renewal, Reform, and Humanistic denominations ... a common four-character phrase throughout the imperial period. ...

===Early Imperial China (221 B.C.E. –220 C.E.)=== Beginning with ... paintings of emperors, palace ladies, and imperial horses. Figure painting ...

The Flavian dynasty was a Roman imperial dynasty, which ruled the ... By all appearances, imperial favor for the Flavians was high throughout ...

calls for economic change and democratic reform within the structure of the ... gone far enough and that China needed to reform its political system. They ...

His model was Marcus Aurelius. He set out to reform the administration ... half-brother Gallus were exiled to the imperial estate of Macellum in Cappadocia ...

from the economy. The government's land reform program, characterized by chaos and violence, has badly damaged the commercial farming sector ...

and he was invited to join a committee to reform the organization of the Chinese ... * (1960) Imperial Peking: Seven Centuries of China. Crown Publishers ...

the German sense of superiority and of imperial destiny that contributed ... Empress Catherine II of Russia took the Imperial Russian throne in ...

system was established during Taika Reform (seventh century) along with ... The most popular style of script for government seals in the imperial ...

resulted in the failure of the Napoleonic imperial project, and in the preservation ... #039;s primary allies in his efforts to reform the Prussian army, between ...

the first and most prominent leader of a reform movement in sixteenth century ... and set his agenda for ecclesiastical reform. In To the Christian Nobility ...

with the Japanese overtures, the imperial court in Beijing dispatched ... The Korean court finally began to reform the military, establishing ...

of the Kuomintang. Chiang served in the Imperial Japanese Army from 1909 ... from the Comintern. He then undertook a reform of the Kuomintang and established ...

of Thuggee was a less controversial reform, although the true nature ... some of educated India as an insufficient reform. The official Blue Books—entitled ...

for various freedom struggles against imperial rule and in helping to restrict ... the difficult question of parliamentary reform, which Canning opposed but ...

ideology of Germany as a superior and imperial power could take root. ... trade was introduced. The process of army reform ended in 1813 with the introduction ...

branches in Germany and Spain. Had the imperial armies dominated this region ... Richelieu's tenure was a crucial period of reform for France ...

empire that, despite all the ills of an imperial system imposed on unwilling ... play such a crucial role in later British imperial ventures, such as the Massachusetts ...

tasks) known as the Third Section of His Imperial Majesty's Own Chancellery ... and the start of the 2nd of Khordad Reform Movement, a clampdown occurred ...

also because of the construction of the Imperial Highway between northern ... *Esherick, Joseph. 1976. Reform and revolution in China: the 1911 ...

sparking the first of opera's many reform movements, sponsored by Venice ... is illustrated in the first of his "reform" operas, Orfeo ed Euridice ...

and those who were public and paid from imperial funds. These official teachers ... and given a permanent location in the imperial palace. These chairs continued ...

extinct. Due to the Chinese economic reform, there was a resurgence of ... *Oldenburg, Veena Talwar. Dowry Murder: The Imperial Origins of a ...

adult suffrage, carried out a sweeping land reform, promoted rural education, and nationalized the country's largest tin mines. This in turn sparked ...

bureaucracy, modeled after the Chinese imperial system. Tokugawa was influenced ... He applied this theory to political reform, advocating a political system ...

identity. His was the first truly imperial power in the West since ... conflict arose after Charlemagne's imperial coronation and a Venetian ...

for economic reconstruction and political reform after the end of the war ... UK: Published for the Trustees of the Imperial War Museum by Oxford University ...

them again in 1530 after a siege by an Imperial and Spanish army. At this ... November 30, 1786, he promulgated a penal reform making Tuscany the first ...

powerful of our prose writers” and the Imperial Magazine even declared: ... middle class that had advocated for the reform of education in England and ...

Although serfs in Imperial Russia were technically not slaves, they ... close to the era's other influential reform movements, such as the temperance ...

for construction gifted by the British Imperial Government. Following a ... Swaminarayan enjoyed a good relationship with the British Imperial ...

world of the Five-Fury Spirits in late imperial China. Berkeley: Institute ... Anhui, China a response to revolution and reform. Senri ethnological studies ...

Abdülhamid II His Imperial Majesty, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire ... Constitutional reform was too late, however, to save the empire. Throughout ...

Wars in Europe weakened Spain's imperial power, and the Venezuelans ... won the presidency on a campaign for broad reform, constitutional change, and ...

experience of Roman rule from its own imperial period, these two episodes ... who were eventually persuaded by an imperial freedman to overcome their ...

in launching its the extra-territorial imperial project. This was not an ... Aerial combat between the Chinese Air Force and the Imperial Japanese ...

1968, 141). The short-lived nature of his reform was caused by his neglect ... Akhenaten's reform may have been partly motivated by the desire ...

for operation of the empire, and an imperial examination system was established ... Alternatives of the latter type are often the result of education ...

including Tsar Nicholas II and the Imperial family, aristocrats, the ... the crowd to promote the Maoist thought reform. These rallies were most ...

political system. Passionate about social reform, as Chancellor of the Exchequer ... solutions to Welsh grievances such as land reform and disestablishment he, ...

476 C.E. The term also distinguished imperial from Republican Rome. The ... were maintained throughout the imperial period: consuls continued ...

Arch of Pavia was erected to honor the imperial clan in 8, Claudius' ... Despite the disdain of the imperial family, it seems that from very ...

the eight-hour workday, domestic labor reform, agricultural labor reform ... that the government would not attempt to reform the Army so long as the army ...

as their predecessors, and a fresh reform was needed. ===Cistercian ... Germany, with a seat in the Reichstag (imperial diet). Other examples include ...

26, 1919 – July 27, 1980), styled His Imperial Majesty and holding the ... (Bahman in Farsi) 9, 1963, namely land reform, nationalization of forests ...

fought during Napoleon Bonaparte's imperial rule over France (1805–1815 ... conscription (levée en masse), military reform, and total war, contributed ...

century, launched the overseas imperial project following loss of ... of the nineteenth century—the Reform Act 1867—was passed by ...

As a Roman king, Sigismund sought to reform the Roman Church and settle ... The astronomers Tycho Brahe, who was made Imperial Mathematician in 1599, and ...

requiring them to pledge loyalty to the imperial regime. By the early Ming ... power under the government's reform policy, the Yao have also ...

popularity among the peasants through land reform, which included the execution ... However, the Great Leap Forward, an idealistic massive reform project ...

110 B.C.E.), the court historian at the imperial capital, was the first to ... Though Laozi came to be recognized as a divinity by the imperial dynasty ...

and Queen Victoria, and they planned to reform the fatal flaws in the executive ... argument in Bismarck's estate over Imperial authority, Wilhelm stormed ...

Белоруссия) in the days of Imperial Russia, and the Russian ... and the commonwealth was partitioned by Imperial Russia, Prussia, and Austria ...

Ancient towers, grottoes, city remains, imperial mausoleums, temples and ... * Esherick, Joseph. 1976. Reform and revolution in China: the 1911 ...

in all parts of city government. The first reform came in 1917, when outrage ... was elected in 1951. After two early reform mayors, a Democratic political ...

captured Thanjavur and eventually established the imperial line of ... when a reform movement attempted to face and solve the problems of ...

party on two main issues, that of social reform and of free trade. He supported ... World War. He gave impetus to military reform efforts, including development ...

one of the provinces of Manchukuo, an Imperial Japanese puppet state in ... At this time O Yunjung, who later became a famous reform official ...

an army to the east to claim the seat of imperial power, Otukan, and almost ... was modernized through an administrative reform of Ishbara-Qağan (reigned ...

represented a shift from Britain as an imperial power to Britain as a power ... what he did say (at a dinner of the Tory Reform Group at the Royal Overseas ...

Their governance varied. There were free imperial cities of different sizes ... resulted in the defeat of the imperial and allied forces by Napoleon ...

culture was dominated by the right-wing Reform Party of Canada federally ... held by Preston Manning, the leader of the Reform Party of Canada, a predecessor ...

that nearly everybody was calling for reform. The spiritual vacuum was ... Matteo Ricci, who was resident at the imperial court in Beijing, had been ...

Jesuits who gained the patronage of the imperial court by offering scientific ... were made for the Jesuits at the imperial court; Giuseppe Castiglioni ...

Empire into a golden age of economic and social reform and prosperity. Edinburgh became a cultural center, earning it the nickname "Athens of the ...

as "the Little Red Book." His reform of the People's Liberation ... of the personal items that belonged to Imperial Japanese Army personnel ...

One of the most important was the Taika Reform, an edict issued by Emperor ... (seventh to ninth centuries C.E.) the Imperial court officials considered ...

III, who wanted his legacy to be that of a reform-minded social engineer. The ... and even participated on his side against Imperial troops during the Boshin war. ...

First, the traditional architecture of imperial China, perhaps best exemplified ... much of China during the period of reform and economic opening under ...

foreverDavid Gilmour. The Ruling Caste: Imperial Lives in the Victorian Raj ... preached and a proposal for constitutional reform was made that included the ...

As elsewhere, when faced with anti-imperial revolts, they compromised ... 1956, a program of villagization and land reform consolidated the land holdings ...

super-human qualities. Ancient Egypt, Imperial Japan, the Inca, the Aztecs ... "The political economy of economic reform in North Korea,"] Australian ...

bringing all of what is now Latvia into Imperial Russia. ... interior of Russia in 1915, radical land reform was the central political ...

Morris who was in the process of trying to reform education with the concept ... *Paço imperial, Rio de Janeiro, RJ *Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts ...

Lacking outside pressure for political reform, factions of Austrian society ... better. Austria has the opera ball, the imperial castle, Mozartkugeln [a ...

his father had formed during his social reform activities. The Khudai Khidmatgar ... critical and declassified British Imperial documents before the creation ...

at the appointed time. Meanwhile, an imperial princess suddenly became ... authority with the Written Law. Thus, both Reform and Orthodox Judaism look ...

Decolonization also took place within the Ottoman imperial space, ... The efforts at colonial reform also hastened their end — notably ...

Empire, while Constantine would retain imperial authority in the Eastern ... Charlemagne, who had assumed the former imperial dignity in the West and ...

market economy as part of a broad economic reform package called "doi ... As a result of land reform, Vietnam became the largest producer of ...

passed from persecution directly to imperial control inaugurated by Constantine ... from Cluny a movement spread to reform Christian life. This pattern ...

earlier crisis in the relations between Imperial Russia and the autonomous ... the Finns began to strongly oppose the imperial system. Several political ...

most striking feature in the Cistercian reform was the return to manual ... of Milan, normally key opponents of imperial claims, to submit to Lothair ...

Ogawa, and Yin-Kann Wen. A Chinese Province As a Reform Experiment The Case of Hainan'. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1992. ISBN 9780821321690 ...

1918 the White Army (the force defending Imperial Russia) was advancing on ... would shelter them from capitalist imperial ambitions. Vladimir Ilyich ...

in 800, an event which revived the Roman imperial tradition in the west, and ... (modern France), another acquired the imperial title and a territory extending ...

Dutch–Spanish army, hoping to restore Imperial authority. The emperor personally ... problems), but the victory of the Imperial general Albert of Wallenstein ...

place himself at the head of the forces of reform. Universally called “FDR ... Roosevelt entered office in 1929 as a reform Democrat, but with no ...

that people, once subject to colonial or imperial rule, latch onto physical ... ===Dependency, domination, and the world system: Reform of the UN.=== ...

identified and honored by successive imperial governments. They were honored ... * "Guide them by virtue … and they will reform themselves. ...

the presidency of the Commission for the Reform of Weights and Measures. ... the Legion of Honor. Grand Cross of the Imperial Order of Réunion. Member ...

that overthrew the Qing Dynasty and ended imperial rule in China. In 1927, ... office. Zhang also initiated educational reform, opening dozens of modern ...

was to become the "jewel in the imperial crown." The war was ... her generals, had pressed relentlessly for reform. Her interest in the welfare ...

To put an end to the papal schism and to take up the long desired ... At the last moment, the imperial marshal, Von Pappenheim, in the presence ...

The March First Movement triggered a sea change in Japanese imperial ... abroad are utilizing this opportunity to reform the world and recover us ...

developed a central administration and an imperial court based on Chinese models ... Japanese state, centered around an imperial court in the city of Heijō ...

a firm conclusion that Capitalism cannot reform itself. It is doomed to self ... impressed by the growing strength of Imperial Japan. He interpreted the ...

In 1809, Finland became an autonomous Duchy of Imperial Russia and ... itself then became an autonomous Duchy of Imperial Russia. ...

that of direct rule. Attempts to mediate imperial competition, such as the ... had great strategic value in an era of imperial rivalry, while the Suez ...

Caesar, however, did have a reform agenda and took on various social ... the modern calendar). As a result of this reform, the year 46 B.C.E. was 445 ...

standing disputes over their respective imperial peripheries. These paved ... ===The imperial century (1815–1914)=== Between 1815 and 1914, a period ...

the "whites," supported by Imperial Germany. The Whites ultimately ... festivities focus on the parliamentary reform of the early twentieth century ...

for 20 years had the status of a Free Imperial City, then in 1581, ... The policy of economic reform introduced as Perestroika by Soviet ...

told him that no definite decision on reform had been taken and persuaded ... England's industrialists dictated imperial policy, Palmerston declared ...

Constantinople. He deplored the fact that Imperial court protocol would now ... high lifestyle, John was determined to reform his clergy in Constantinople ...

jurisdiction of Fujian province. The Qing imperial government tried to reduce ... Taiwan held strategic wartime importance as Imperial Japanese military ...

The medieval period was the period of the Imperial Cholas, when the ... poets resorted to poetry as a means of reform. Bharathidasan was one such ...

is all but synonymous with the British imperial project. Like Cromer and ... looking into a long-term plan for a slow reform of Bencoolen. ...

wrote that Indian Muslims have failed to reform their society unlike Muslims ... in the provincial decentralization of imperial finance. London: P.S. King ...

*The modern Hebrew alphabet started out as a local variant of Imperial ... Sometimes, countries have the written language undergo a spelling ...

|unit_pref = Imperial |area_magnitude = 1 E+8 |area_total_sq_mi =92.07 ... Grassroots pressure for reform restructured the city council in November ...

Blumentritt was the grandson of the Imperial Treasurer at Vienna and ... As leader of the reform movement of Filipino students in Spain, he ...

and was able to spread quickly across its imperial territory. Links already ... legal and military reorganization and reform, Pompey also passed a law ...

bridges were ruined and many magnificent imperial Persian gardens were burned ... held the most powerful positions in the imperial administration, including ...

Islamic societies and historically within Imperial China. India has an occurrence ... Periodically, Christian reform movements that have aimed at rebuilding ...

The March 1942 invasion of Imperial Japanese forces was initially ... thought, although toward the aims of the Imperial Japanese militarists. The ...

proposed a fourteen-point constitutional reform plan to safeguard the political ... became a member on the sixty-member Imperial Legislative Council. The ...

of conflict, but had been part of Imperial Germany prior to the Treaty ... , mainly due to the currency reform of 1948 which replaced the ...

disobedience, the pressure for political reform from the mass media, outside ... sense of national superiority and of imperial destiny that contributed ...

to Constantinople to be educated at the Imperial court. Manuel, who had no ... movement that began in 1517 initially to reform—then split from—the Catholic ...

(1924-1929), he introducing a range of reform measures from 1924 to 1929 ... Sir Samuel Hoare, proposed a radical reform of the criminal justice system ...

of Napoleon and the latter describes the imperial rule of Napoleon III in ... #039;s political strategy of economic reform,"] Studies in Comparative ...

that even other European nations with imperial ambitions had often invoked ... Despite the themes of social and economic reform in the initial Fascist ...

and chemical warfare unit of the Imperial Japanese Army), the Nazi ... and the press, coupled with political reform of criminal law, led the ...

showed a genuine desire for political and social reform. ... * Imperial Klans of America * Knights of the White Kamelia ...

Sioni Cathedral to take an oath on the imperial crown of Russia. Those who ... as well as poor management. Continued reform in the management of state ...

ID number assigned to him when he was in reform school)Alex Nunez, [https://www ... * 1935 Chrysler Airflow Imperial Sedan * 1967 Rolls-Royce Silver Shadow ...

as a whole) were protected by official imperial decree, although these guarantees ... of the Tripartite Pact (in 1940 by Imperial Japan, Nazi Germany, and ...

were done with the sanction of British imperial authorities, and were independent ... With Weicker's 1991 tax reform, the tax on employment and investment ...

from 90 C.E.. Following Constantine's reform of the Empire in 318, the ... his deputy, the town thus becoming a free imperial city under the nominal rule ...

Pisemsky joined the Ministry of Imperial Lands in Saint Petersburg ... author was critical of the Emancipation reform of 1861 which gave freedom ...

when various aristocratic and bourgeois reform movements spun out of control ... helped to generate an expectation of reform of some kind. ...

rule (662–668), Syracuse was the imperial capital until Constans II ... benefited from the partial Italian land reform of 1950–1962 as well as ...

Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, by a Imperial Russian administration under ... committee. He also collaborated with the reform-minded French teacher Jean ...

arose involving the rights of various imperial princes in Alsace, where ... Defeats by Napoleon in 1797 and 1799 led to the Imperial Deputation ...

|flag_s1 = Imperial-India-Blue-Ensign.svg |s2 = India |flag_s2 = Flag of India.svg |image_map = Indian Mysore Kingdom 1784 map.svg ...

China are called Laogai, which means "reform through labor." The ... In Imperial Russia, labor camps were known under the name katorga ...

II, a devout Catholic, issued the "Imperial Charter of Emperor" ... Prague Spring, which aimed at a democratic reform of institutions. The Soviet ...

1 million residents. As Russia's Imperial capital, and a historically ... the seat of the Romanov dynasty and the Imperial Court of the Russian tsars ...

in 800, an event which revived the Roman imperial tradition in the west, and ... identity. His was the first truly imperial power in the West since ...

The most famous portion of this imperial expansion was the Scramble ... * In Honduras, it coincided with the Liberal Reform. * In Mexico, the ...

The Xinhai Revolution of 1911 overthrew China's last imperial ... Along with land reform, there was also the Campaign to Suppress Counterrevo ...

to achieve his two main objectives: To reform and develop the French economy ... Gaulle, but was not sustainable by post-imperial France in the long run. ...

by establishing a basis for the reform of doctrines as well as regulations ... cause. His hopes of inducing the imperial party to a peaceable recognition ...

|unit_pref = Imperial |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 ... Several school reform initiatives have since been undertaken, including ...

the Triple Alliance, thereby allied with Imperial Germany and Austria-Hungary ... Despite the themes of social and economic reform in the initial Fascist ...

was "Muy Noble e Insigne, Muy Leal e Imperial" (Very Noble and Distinguished ... F. Berdan, The Aztecs of Mexico: An Imperial Society, New York: Holt ...

including Portugal, Great Britain, Imperial Russia, and France, had ... A loose pro-reform coalition called the Second Khordad Front, which ...

25162/historia-2019-0004 “Tactical Reform in the Late Roman Republic: ... Elbe, though settled on the Rhine as the imperial border following the disastrous ...

where Galerius commissioned an imperial palace, a new hippodrome, ... the city's prestige as a major imperial city and trading hub. ...

The daughter of an Imperial Russian Army general, Kollontai embraced ... "Kollontai’s propositions for reform mostly repeated those enumerated ...

where it was applied to all non-Catholic Imperial subjects. ... spouses. For example, federal welfare reform mandated the creation of ...

The region was first incorporated into Imperial China during the Qin Dynasty ... legal and policy drafting and reform, and the legal profession ...

Throughout the nineteenth century, a socio-cultural reform, often referred to as the Bengal Renaissance resulted in the general uplifting of ...

of his reign. As part of the government reform, the Orthodox Church was ... When Alexander II came to the throne in 1855, desire for reform was ...

became strongly associated with political reform movements and egalitarian ... faculty. Using the abandoned rooms of the Imperial Palace, they established ...

were established in the 1987 administrative reform. Π.Δ. 51/87 "Καθ ... the Fourth Crusade seized and sacked the Imperial capital of Constantinople ...

your service and the service of our great imperial family to which we all belong. ... minister John Major announced plans to reform the royal finances, drawn ...

When emperor Leopold II (1747-1792), had imperial troops reoccupy Brussels ... budget, some tax-reforms, a labor-market reform, scheduled nuclear phase ...