Search results for "Amino" - New World Encyclopedia

Leucine is an α-amino acid that is found in most proteins and is essential in the human diet. It is similar to isoleucine and valine in being ...

Valine is an α-amino acid that is found in most proteins and is essential in the human diet. It is similar to leucine and isoleucine in being ...

Threonine is an α-amino acid that is common in many proteins and ... synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins ...

Glycine is one of the 20 most common, natural, "proteinogenic" (literally, protein building) standard amino acids. It is the simplest ...

Lysine is an α-amino acid that is present in many proteins, has low available concentration in certain popular agricultural crops, such as wheat ...

variety attaches to and transfers a specific amino acid to a polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. As non ...

Methionine is an α-amino acid present in many proteins and, together ... synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins ...

and uric acid. He synthesized several amino acids and created small chains ... ==Proteins and amino acids== |right|250px|Nobel Prize winner Emil Fischer ...

Phenylalanine, an amino acid found in many proteins such as hemoglobin ... synthesis) is one of the twenty standard amino acids common in animal proteins ...

Tyrosine is an α-amino acid that is found in most proteins (such ... synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins ...

for decoding messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acids and interacting with ... of rRNA, and the process of assembling the amino acids in a precise order ...

Examples of amphoteric substances include water, amino acids, and ... thus acting as acids or bases. Water, amino acids, hydrogen carbonate ...

addition, some researchers are looking for amino acids and other chemical ... 867. Retrieved May 30, 2008. the simplest amino acid, but this claim has ...

Tryptophan is an α-amino acid that is found in most proteins and ... synthesis, is one of the 20 standard amino acids common in animal proteins ...

, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, and amino acids. Research in biochemistry ... a protein is a polymer built from a set of amino acids. The linking of two ...

| [[Image:1°-amino-group.png|75px|Primary amine]] | amino- || -amine | [[Image:Methylamine-2D.png|75px|methylamine]]Methylamine ...

in both solution and the gas phase. Some amino acids, such as lysine, contain a primary amine on their side chains. Those protonated amino groups ...

Often, dividing them into amino acids, peptides, and monoamines ... ** 3 or 4 amino acids, depending on exact definition used (primarily ...

between the nucleotide sequence and the amino-acid sequence of the protein ... to catalyze the synthesis of proteins from amino acid molecules. Proteins ...

characterized by the regular arrangement of amino acids in each of the three ... Collagen has an unusual amino acid composition and sequence: ...

each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons ... protein synthesis. Transfer RNAs transport amino acids to the ribosomes and ...

NAD (and niacin) may also be synthesized in the liver from the amino ... of niacin or inadequate intake of the amino acid tryptophan, which can ...

studied because its small size (about 100 amino acids) and its water solubility ... in aerobic organisms, and comparison of amino acid sequences of the molecule ...

the messenger RNA's code for linking amino acids together in a chain ... is translated into a specific sequence of amino acids is a testimony to the ...

in certain areas of biochemistry, such as amino acid and carbohydrate chemistry ... to glyceraldehyde. One example is the amino acid alanine, which has two ...

remains a mystery. A small chain of 150 amino acids making up an enzyme ... (and other proteins) are composed of amino acid chains called polypeptide ...

each. Each codon encodes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons ... in eukaryotes), the coupling of mRNA and amino acids with the tRNA, and ...

and is a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism, including ... of chemical reactions mainly involving amino acids. The reactions carried ...

structured form. Prions have the same amino acid makeup as naturally ... Proteins normally are digested down to amino acids in the gut, and transported ...

into RNA and further translated into amino acids linked together to ... the diseased. While codons for different amino acids may change in a random ...

* The Dakin-West reaction converts an amino acid to the corresponding ... * Amino acids – the building blocks of proteins * Keto acids – ...

wastes originating from protein and amino acid metabolism. One such ... , carbohydrates (for example, glucose), and amino acids (such as glutamate ...

Similarly, an organic compound with multiple amino groups is called ... * as prefix: "amino-" * as suffix: "-amine" ...

the appropriate protein building blocks, amino acids, to the ribosome; and ... of nucleotides that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide ...

in terms of being a possible precursor to amino acids and nucleic acids. ... HCN combines with ketones and aldehydes to give cyanohydrins. Amino ...

cyanide and ammonia to give, after hydrolysis, the amino acid alanine. Kendall, E.C., and McKenzie, B.F., “dl-Alanine.” Organic Syntheses ...

small amounts of organic materials, including amino acids. Also, presolar grains are identified in carbonaceous chondrites. The isotope ratios of carbonaceous ...

consisting of a phenyl group attached to an amino group. The chemical structure ... Anilides, compounds in which the amino group is substituted by an ...

step in the synthesis of branched-chain amino acids (valine, leucine, and ... (EPSPS) is used in the synthesis of the amino acids tryptophan, phenylalanine ...

|| 243.3 || 3-{[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]amino}propanesulfonic acid ... || 229.20 || 2-{[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]amino}ethanesulfonic acid ...

linked rings. Acid dyes usually have a sulfonyl or amino group on the molecule making them soluble in water. Water is the medium in which dyeing takes place. ...

structures of such key substances as amino acids, proteins, and nucleic ... Nitrogen is an essential element in the molecules of amino acids, ...

which can unlink free terminal-end amino acids, one amino acid monomer at a time, from a gradually unwinding and degrading protein polymer. ...

keto acids derived from the breakdown of amino acids. The liver cells, therefore ... for example, it can convert certain amino acids, and some other molecules ...

(acetyl coenzyme A), to lactic acid, to the amino acid alanine, and to ethanol ... pyruvate, lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids. This pathway comprises ...

a variety of building blocks, including amino acids, sugars, phosphates ... from beta carotene and niacin from the amino acid tryptophan. ...

(a naturally occurring amine containing one amino group that is connected to an aromatic ring by a two-carbon chain, -CH2-CH2-). Epinephrine ...

and RNA. Their monomer units are sugars, amino acids (for proteins and peptides ... For instance, proteins are polymers of amino acids. Typically, each protein ...

through a complex pathway using atoms from the amino acids glycine, glutamine, and aspartic acid, as well as formate ions transferred from the coenzyme ...

with a lone pair.) Choline is a derivative of the amino acid serine (Bender and Bender 2005), but is not a protein or amino acid (Swan and Zeisel 2000). ...

as part of the structures of certain amino acids and proteins. Moreover ... The amino acids cysteine and methionine contain sulfur, as do all ...

* Ricin A Chain is an N-glycoside hydrolase composed of 267 amino ... * Ricin B Chain is a lectin composed of 262 amino acids that is able ...

to separate proteins that only vary by one amino acid as well as to purify ... to separate charged compounds including amino acids, peptides, and proteins ...

particularly proteins which contain amino (-NH2) groups, in the body. If galactose accumulates in the body due to flawed enzymatic breakdown ...

With its high-protein content, including all of the essential amino ... quinoa contains a balanced set of essential amino acids for humans, making ...

Many organic compounds--such as carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, lipids, nucleotides, and nucleic acids--are found in living systems. The study ...

replaces the nitrogen by hydrogen, which allows amino and nitro groups to be removed easily from rings == Applications == The first use of diazonium ...

supplying nutrients such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids to ... also clears some proteins, lipids, and amino acids. The kidney actively ...

nitrogen waste originating from protein and amino acid catabolism. In aquatic ... In this cycle, amino groups donated by ammonia and L-aspartate are ...

is the reaction that forms peptide bonds between amino acids. These amides can participate in hydrogen bonding as hydrogen bond acceptors and donors ...

from carbohydrates, fatty acids and amino acids in humans and most vertebrates. Ketones are elevated in blood after fasting including a night ...

iron, B vitamins, organic acids, amino acids, and about 90 percent ... biotin, and folic acid, and many amino acids and phenolic compounds ...

large amounts of protein and essential amino acids, such as lysine (De ... and leaf are high in protein, including the amino acid lysine. ...

enriched metabolism of glycans, amino acids, and xenobiotics; methanogenesis; ... nucleotides and corresponds to a particular amino acid. Thus a sequence of ...

(PAH), which is necessary to metabolize the amino acid phenylalanine to tyrosine ... from its chimpanzee ortholog by only two amino acid substitutions; nearly ...

In budding yeast cells, vacuoles act as storage compartments of amino acids and detoxification compartments. Under conditions of starvation, ...

proteins are broken down to their individual amino acids. The degradation of some membrane proteins begins while still at the cell surface when they are ...

acids with polyamines having three or more amino (NH2) groups. ==Bulk properties== Nylon is clear and colorless, or milky, but it is easily dyed ...

sites for synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, amino acids, and fatty acids; in animals, these are made in the cytosol (Alberts et al. 1989). ...

This can be explained by a high concentration of all eight essential ... especially lysine, threonine, tryptophan, and the sulphur-containing ...

Pyridine is a fundamentally important chemical compound with the formula C5H5N. It is a liquid with a distinctively putrid, fishy odor. Its molecules ...

on the break down of the disulfide link of the amino acid called cystine, which is the characteristic of the keratin class of protein like hair ...

is produced during the normal metabolism of amino acids and is converted to ... Ammonia is also a metabolic product of amino acid deamination. In ...

of plants and animals. To gain all the amino acids, fatty acids, carbohydrates ... The human body is made up of chemical compounds such as water, amino ...

genetic code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The code is read by copying stretches of DNA into the related nucleic ...

of most chiral biological compounds, such as amino acids, is present. As a result, different enantiomers of a compound may have substantially different ...

appear also to be involved in the linkage of amino acids into proteins at the ribosome (Robinson 2003). A ribozyme also is known as catalytic RNA. ...

This barley malt provides the sugars and amino acids for yeast growth, and the yeast converts the sugars to ethyl alcohol in the fermentation ...

to CD8+ T cells by MHC class I molecules are 8-9 amino acids in length; the peptides presented to CD4+ cells by MHC class II molecules are longer, as ...

Indeed, simple biogenic compounds, such as amino acids, have been found in ... forms. These four elements together make up amino acids, which in turn are ...

and thiamine, as well as iron (VRIC 2006). The amino acid asparagine gets its name from asparagus, the asparagus plant being rich in this compound ...

through keto acids derived from the breakdown of amino acids. The liver's role in glycogen metabolism is to synthesize and degrade glycogen for ...

of skeletal muscle proteins to provide amino acids for gluconeogenesis. Cortisol also reduces the inflammatory response of the immune system ...

combine with a residue (constituent) of the amino acid serine in the active site of acetylcholinesterase and inhibit the enzyme. The resulting ...

surrounding it. Fibroin is made up of the amino acids Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly ... The high proportion (50%) of glycine, which is a small amino acid ...

not only eat available plants to obtain essential amino acids, but also obtain nutrients from vegetable matter from the stomach and intestinal contents ...

including peptides (chains of amino acids) and steroids. Progesterone is a type of progestogen, a subset of sex steroids, with androgens and ...

code, which specifies the sequence of the amino acids within proteins. The ... the nucleotide sequences of genes and the amino-acid sequences of proteins ...

products (isoprostanes, TBARS), amino acid oxidation products (such as meta-tyrosine, ortho-tyrosine, hydroxy-Leu, dityrosine), peptide oxidation ...

is the high percentage of peptidoglycan—sugar + amino acid molecule—in the cell wall.) Fleming expressed initial optimism that penicillin ...

long and creates a protein that is 1,480 amino acids long. The most common ... 508, resulting in the absence of the amino acid phenylalanine. Consequently ...

1985). These reactions add hydroxyl groups to the amino acids proline or lysine in the collagen molecule, yielding hydroproline, an amino acid that ...

It is characterized by the regular arrangement of amino acids in each of the three chains; under tension, the triple helix coils tight, resisting stretching ...

a result of the inherent lack of two key amino acids in pre-modern maize, lysine and tryptophan. Nixtamalization was also found to increase ...

to break down sulfides and generate sulfenic acids (amino acid sulfoxides). Sulphenic acids are unstable and decompose into a volatile gas called syn ...

The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal) is a gas with a pungent smell. It is the simplest aldehyde. Its chemical formula ...

nature, especially including the side chains of amino acids, and many cofactors such as porphyrins. :Example: hemoglobin :Many natural ligands ...

globin portion, being protein, is degraded into amino acids and plays no further role in jaundice. Two reactions then take place with the heme ...

demonstration of the production of amino acids from basic chemicals by radiation. ==Advocacy== [[Image:Planetary society.jpg|thumb|right|200px ...

hydrogens. When the spacing of the amino acid residues participating in a hydrogen bond occurs regularly between positions i and i + 4, ...

|Coenzyme F420 Mack and Grill (2006). || Riboflavin (B2) || Amino acids || Electrons || Methanogens and some bacteria |- |} ===Non-vitamins=== ...

consist mainly of uric acid, urea, and a bit of amino acids, and are normally converted into dry pellets before being disposed of. ...

acid. Walnuts also contain arginine, which is an amino acid that the body uses to produce nitric oxide, necessary for keeping blood vessels flexible. ...

stimuli (like change in hormones, amino acid concentration, etc.) or to exogenous stimuli (drop in temperatures and shortening of photoperiod ...

addition of oxygen enables bacteria to produce amino acid, water, and other compounds. Thus, the British alternative to malt vinegar, called non-brewed ...

forms of life. It is a component of the unusual amino acids selenocysteine and selenomethionine. In humans, selenium is a trace element nutrient that ...

In 1951, based on the structures of amino acids and peptides and the planarity of the peptide bond, Pauling and colleagues correctly proposed ...

numerous classes of organic compounds, including amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), nucleotides (the building blocks of nucleic acids), carbohydrates ...

The sequence of codons in a gene specifies the amino acid sequence of the protein it encodes. In most eukaryotic species, very little of the ...

genetic material, and uses the same twenty amino acids as the building blocks ... protein. There are also variations in the amino acid sequence of cytochrome ...

tyrosine residues on TG and on free tyrosine (amino acid). Upon stimulation by TSH (see below), the follicular cells reabsorb TG and proteolytically cleave ...

inhibitory through the release of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)(Jacob 2007). Both mitral cells and tufted cells provide output to higher olfactory ...

In a paper entitled "The Shroud of Turin: an amino-carbonyl reaction ... * Rogers, R.N, and A. Arnoldi, "The Shroud of Turin: an amino ...

primary component is long chains (polymers) of amino acids forming the protein keratin. The keratinized cells arise from cell division in the hair matrix ...

other metabolic reactions like the production of amino acids and lipids. Three molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of NADPH are consumed in converting ...

and beans provides the full quota of essential amino acids, so there is no need for animal proteins. The Aztecs had a great diversity of maize strains ...

Many proteins are made of sulfur-containing amino acids (such as cysteine and methionine), which produce sulfuric acid when metabolized by the body. ...

It is due most likely to essential amino acid deficiencies in rabbit meat and synthesis limitations in human beings. Another economic value of ...

genetic material, and uses the same twenty amino acids as the building blocks ... protein. There are also variations in the amino acid sequence of cytochrome ...

can be converted to other molecules such as amino acids. Plants use some of this sugar, concentrated in nectar, to entice pollinators to aid ...

an imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory amino acids and changes in monoamines release in the central nervous system, which increases neurotoxicity ...

such as acetylcholine, gamma amino butyric acid, serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline. Caffeine has also been shown to affect the turnover ...

are not considered to be salts. Examples include amino acids, many metabolites, peptides and proteins. When salts are dissolved in water, they ...

obtain energy from breaking down sugars, fats and amino acids with oxygen as part of their metabolism, in a process known as cellular respiration. This ...

through the Maillard reaction using the sugars and amino acids due to the intense heat at the bread surface. The crust of most breads is harder, and ...

of divergence dates based on α-lactalbumin amino acid sequences,"] Journal of Mammalian Evolution 5(1)(1998): 95–105. Retrieved September ...

casein proteins and milkfat into a complex mix of amino acids, amines, and fatty acids. Some cheeses have additional bacteria or molds intentionally ...

the pigments from precursors such as the amino acid tyrosine. Y. Saikawa, K. Hashimoto, M. Nakata, M. Yoshihara, K. Nagai, M. Ida, and T. Komiya ...

:A synthetic medication made of four amino acids that are found in myelin. This drug stimulates T cells in the body's immune system to change ...

study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters. Gene 366: 228–237. * Holman, J. 2004. Fossil Frogs ...

#039; protein profile. Soybeans contain all the amino acids essential to human nutrition, which must be supplied in the diet because they cannot be ...

to coral in the form of glucose, glycerol, and amino acids. [https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/education/tutorial_corals/coral02_zooxanthellae.html ...

(such as glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids). Water is thus essential and central to these metabolic processes. Without water, these metabolic ...

and also those that regulate the metabolism of amino acids. Behaviorally, human adult females, unlike any other species, are willing and capable ...