Search results for "Commodity" - New World Encyclopedia

Walras starts by discussing two-commodity pure exchange, where demand ... two goods were involved. In the three-commodity economy (with goods x, ...

in South America. It was an important commodity in Pre-Columbian Mesoamerica ... Cocoa is the world's smallest soft commodity market. ...

In chemistry, anthracene is a solid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon consisting of three benzene rings derived from coal-tar. Anthracene is used ...

Von Mises showed that, just as the price of any other commodity was ... until the ancient day when the money commodity was not money but a useful ...

a method for determining the value of a commodity that has an undetermined ... * Exchange auction: also known as commodity auctions or exchange-commodity ...

is driven by the basic need for a commodity or a service, and does ... such as a standardized currency, a commodity that has a high value in ...

. In Wieser's model, the cost of a commodity depended neither on the ... prospective utility and even as a scarce (commodity), have value, deriving ...

urgent needs. The "value" of a commodity, therefore, Menger claimed ... a measure of value. It is also the only commodity by which all other commodities ...

ubs/mcs/2006/mcs2006.pdf Mineral Commodity Summaries 2006] U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved December 6, 2012. ...

noting that "For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation ... the laborer had come to be regarded as a commodity.” Swift's essay ...

Money historically possessed intrinsic value as a commodity such as ... Many cultures worldwide eventually developed the use of commodity ...

of a change in production of a final commodity on the demand for inputs ... of the first to establish the composite commodity theorem. ...

Cantillon developed a theory of commodity money that was correct in ... Cantillon argued that the market price of a commodity fluctuates around ...

gift creates a "feeling bond." Commodity exchange does not.Ibid., 56. quot; gift binds us in a way beyond any commodity transaction, but "we ...

presented the paradox that taxation of a commodity may actually result in ... of the box is the total amount of one commodity, and the height is the ...

to as "inalienability." In a commodity economy, there is a strong ... money: The anthropology and politics of commodity exchange. Routledge. ISBN ...

levy is on the use or possession of a commodity or service. It is also ... A selective sales tax applying to a single commodity may have much ...

roughly 50–100 manufacturers of basic or commodity epoxy resins and hardeners. The commodity epoxy manufacturers typically do not sell epoxy resins ...

==== Egyptian mummies as a commodity ==== In the Middle Ages, thousands ... That Obscure Object of Desire: Victorian Commodity Culture and Fictions of ...

as a potential feedstock for other commodity chemicals. In addition ... investigated as a feedstock for other commodity chemicals. Oxidative chlorination ...

utility approach implies that when one commodity is very common, and the ... was a plan to replace the existing commodity money with fiat money, ...

Cod has been an important economic commodity in an international market ... and Newfoundland, cod became a major commodity, forming trade networks ...

If there is increased demand for a commodity that requires much land ... The advantages of producing a large quantity of a single commodity ...

Money → Commodity → Money +, where the “ + “ the capitalist ... of commodities” or generalized commodity production. A commodity ...

hardly budged between 1921 and 1929. Most commodity prices actually fell. Friedman ... In such a period, the commodity market and the stock market are apt ...

Marx described this loss in terms of commodity fetishism, in which the ... Commodity fetishism is an example of what Engels called false consciousness ...

of contradictions characteristic of every commodity and capitalist economy is denied or slurred over; it is denied that any connection exists ...

metal often sold as an investment commodity. This metal and its alloys ... valuable elsewhere, making it a global commodity and triggering a period ...

and sellers to buy, sell, and trade commodity products globally. This ... and sellers to buy, sell, and trade commodity products globally. Previously ...

money removes the concept of money as a commodity, guaranteeing that it has ... removes the concept of money as a commodity, which was the case when ...

(value) of each additional unit of a commodity—the marginal utility—is ... namely, that the degree of utility of a commodity is some continuous mathematical ...

urchins and sea cucumbers are a popular food commodity in some cultures and some varieties of sea cucumbers are considered to have medicinal properties ...

for salt. Salt was considered so precious a commodity in West Africa that it was not uncommon for gold to be traded for equal weight in salt. When ...

and fairly the daily news of stock, bond, and commodity prices. With more than 50 employees, the company maintained private wire and telegraph connections ...

he argued that the "price of any commodity rises or falls, by the ... of commodities. His use of the word "commodity" is tied into an extensive ...

that led into the interior of Africa. A major commodity traded along these routes was ivory, an elephant byproduct that was highly prized throughout ...

is this utility that determines the value of a commodity: If we were here undertaking to present at length the theory of value, we should lay ...

shrimp, lobsters, and crabs, are a major food commodity, while smaller crustaceans in their own way are integral to many food webs. Examples include ...

crafted, a calendar was created, trade and commodity exchange developed and the hereditary system of succession replaced what was known as the "abdication ...

was typically in the form of gold or silver commodity money. The reliance on promissory notes, however, was accepted at least five centuries earlier ...

that currencies become less competitive in the commodity markets, and that a wider political base be employed in the setting of currency and inflation ...

levels of cooperation: Global, regional, and commodity. Global-level cooperation occurs mainly through international economic agreements or organizations ...

trade. It is also an important center of commodity trade. About 24,000 people worked in the numerous offices of international organizations located ...

part of the expenses of production of the commodity should consist of the price ... money, money that is not grounded on any commodity like gold and can easily ...

on the market. However, the market price of the commodity is determined by the inverse demand function applied to the sum of what both firms put on ...

of Oyo textiles that were always a precious commodity, as well as with iron goods. [[File:Alaafin Oyo c. 1910 - Colorized.jpg|thumb|400px|Alaafin ...

quid pro quo—an exchange of money or some other commodity—is established before the transaction takes place. In practice, most human societies blend ...

[https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/pr5150-06 U.S. Commodity ... ENERGY PAYS $30 MILLION TO SETTLE U.S. COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION ...

to wait out unfavorable seasons. Also the spice commodity would prove to be a major contribution to the Portuguese economy. ===Second voyage=== ...

limit on the quantity of a particular commodity that can be imported into ... severely the lower grades of an imported commodity. This difficulty can be ...

Sulfuric acid is a very important commodity chemical, and indeed a ... plant is much cheaper than purchasing the commodity on the open market. ...

Category:Politics and social sciences Category:Anthropology Animal husbandry, also known as animal science, is the agricultural practice of breeding ...

of a diverse range of products, as well as in commodity and specialty chemicals. These products include high performance materials needed for aerospace ...

the expectation of some sort of needed commodity being given in return. ... the Western conception of property as a commodity. After the Europeans arrived ...

novel serves not only as a description of a commodity that is bought and sold in the action of the novel, but also as an ironic commentary on the moral ...

the Compressed Gas Association Commodity Specification for acetylene has established a grading system for identifying and quantifying phosphine ...

circa 4000 B.C.E. with salt as the main commodity. Later, Roman soldiers would be paid a salt (sala) allowance. We still draw salaries today ...

Cotton is an enormously important commodity throughout the world. However, many farmers in developing countries receive a low price for their ...

the enormous value of the perch as an export commodity. The three countries bordering Lake Victoria—Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania—have agreed ...

and their skins have been traded as a valued commodity, to be made into shoes or handbags. They have been used in traditional medicine and revered ...

et al. 2004). For many years silk was a primary commodity traded by China with the West along the Silk Road, and the silk production process was a ...

could be widespread, and not just for a specific commodity, was shared by Robert Malthus, and came into disagreement with the views of Say and Ricardo ...

Vitamins have only been produced as commodity chemicals and made widely available as inexpensive pills for a few decades (Kirk-Othmer 1984). ...

meat to become an important international trade commodity. In the twelfth century, a church in the English town of Dunmow promised a side of bacon ...

timber from their reservation became a valuable commodity. By the 1950s the Klamath Tribes were self-sufficient and economically prosperous. ...

others insist that it is due to falling commodity prices and poor access ... debt burden, unstable international commodity prices, a poor communication ...

sent salt to the Takeda (salt was a precious commodity used in preserving food). Although he could have cut off Shingen's "lifeline" ...

Brazil, with increasing importance as a trade commodity to Europe, North America, and Asia. ==Overview and description== Paullinia cupana, or ...

scene and became major players in the global commodity market. Salt from the Central African region became a major export, matched only by textiles ...

provinces, but it is also one of the main commodity grain producers in all of China. In 2000, the province's total agricultural output value ...

#039;s labor theory of value that the value of a commodity depends on the labor involved in its production, arguing instead that value derives from ...

a black market, its activity while the affected commodity has to be acquired on the black market, and its return to legal trade. Many organized crime ...

While salt was once a scarce commodity in history, industrialized ... *[http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/salt/ Salt: Statistics ...

of the moment in time when they are purchased. A commodity available now has a different value than the same item available at a later date; value has ...

sodium hydroxide as an important commodity chemical. === Major producers === In the United States, the major producer of sodium hydroxide is the ...

reagent and an important industrial commodity. It is mainly used in making ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) for fertilizers. It is also used for the ...

of the Great Plains, dentalium was a precious commodity seen as an emblem of wealth and nobility. Wherever one travels throughout Vancouver Island ...

U.S. Geological Survey, Mineral Commodity Summaries, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/silicon/silicmcs06.pdf Silicon.] Retrieved ...

equity and alternatives, such as hedge funds and commodity trading advisers. Its global portfolio is broken down into sub-funds covering a specific ...

paid to persuade people to accept an idea or commodity. The public relations counsel, on the other hand, he saw as an Emersonian-like creator of events ...

wave of monetary inflation there occurs a wave of commodity inflation which governments respond to, rather than lead. In the late 1970s and early ...

benefits of international specialization of the commodity composition of international trade. ===Law of Rent=== Ricardo formulate the "law ...

had agricultural-based economies. The only commodity that France had in enough excess to export was food; therefore, international trade based on ...

Economic development is hindered by dependence on relatively few commodity exports, vulnerability to natural disasters, and long distances from ...

might be regarded as a special type of "Commodity Price Index." This type of monetary policy is no longer used anywhere in the world, although ...

in a free market when the most marketable commodity is desired, not for consumption, but for use in trading for other goods. Menger's book ...

to 1366 seats. These seats were a sought-after commodity as they conferred the ability to directly trade stock on the NYSE. Seat prices varied widely ...

Wheat includes any agricultural cereal grass of the genus Triticum in the grass family Poaceae. Wheat is one of the top three cereal crops in ...

in particular, moved a Marxist analysis of commodity fetishism to the realm of consumption, and looked at the relation between consumerism and dominant ...

defined as the sale or purported sale of a commodity through illegal means. This may or may not involve securities fraud. [https://lowtherwalker ...

was not applicable. Garments were the sole export commodity, and the United States was the sole export partner. Likewise, there was no total for imports ...

Mineral Commodity Summaries, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commod ... Donald W. Olson, [http://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/gypsum/gypsmyb01 ...

by the amount of labor that goes into make a commodity. He calls it the "Labor Theory of Value." Marx and his followers argue that new ...

of the time were "no more than a mass commodity." He criticized those newspapers because they "failed to have the slightest influence ...

Free competition is the basic feature of capitalism, and of commodity production generally; monopoly is the exact opposite of free competition ...

fertile soil, making it the main farming area and commodity grain base in Liaoning. The eastern part of Liaoning is dominated by the Changbai Shan and ...

plans to export food and cash crops. However, commodity prices declined throughout the 1970s causing economic problems for Sudan. In 1973, Khartoum ...

for most commercial uses other than commodity price information. Electric telegraphs were to reduce the cost of sending a message thirtyfold ...

economy; however rising prices for the regions commodity exports and increasing tourism have minimized the effect of this lack of export manufacturing ...

by global economic slowdowns and slumps in commodity prices. Primary export industries are agriculture (sheep, cattle, dairy), horticulture (apples ...

Local and regional livestock auctions and commodity markets facilitate trade in livestock. In other areas livestock may be bought and sold in ...

it was kept closed by a belt. Cloth was a rare commodity, highly valued by the Han. A gift of silk was often used to reward service to the State. Excess ...

follow a "thing," such as a particular commodity, as it transfers through the networks of global capitalism. Multi-sited ethnography may also ...

and the Great Depression, the commodity market plummeted, bankrupting many companies and banks, and Itochu Shoten Ltd. and C. Itoh & Co ...

Bread prices rose as the commodity became scarce, and in an initiative spearheaded by Collot d'Herbois and Billaud-Varenne, a law was enacted ...

were initiated for cotton, sugar, and other commodity items in the nineteenth century—taking about 140 years to complete. Thus it seems that this ...

*Friedman, M. "Commodity-Reserve Currency," Journal of Political Economy 59 (3) (Jun., 1951): 203-232 *Friedman, M. 1952. "Price ...

as parts in production of a new commodity. Sales tax does not distort the production structure as would the VAT, and it would not skew individual ...

a longer structural commitment (e.g. reform to commodity markets, or government commitment to moral purchasing such as the longstanding embargo against ...

and scientist.Bill Boichel, "Batman: Commodity as Myth." The Many ... mass culture. He is at once an icon and a commodity: the perfect cultural artefact ...

Exports totaled US$64,000 in 2005, the sole commodity being phosphate, to South Africa (56.4 percent), India (15.3 percent), South Korea (6.7 ...

century developments, steel was an expensive commodity and only used for a limited number of purposes where a particularly hard or flexible metal was ...

and to external events affecting commodity prices. In response to decreasing European Union (EU) banana trade preferences, the government has ...

possible to run a money-driven organization, as commodity money was the normal way of doing business. [[Image:Judith Leyster Self Portrait.jpg ...

"gigantomania," chronic commodity hunger, organizational ... the emergence in the economy of chronic commodity shortages, collectivization ...

7/highlight_28367en.html Bananas commodity notes: Final results of the 2003 season]. FAO. Retrieved December 15, 2007. * Food and Agriculture ...

General's Expert Group on African Commodity Issues in 1989-90. Fraser became president of the foreign aid group Care International in 1991 ...

strategy, improved domestic security, and high commodity prices. Ongoing economic problems include reforming the pension system, reducing high unemployment ...

that increasingly surrounds us: Commodity life; Technological passivity; Acceleration; Homogenisation.” (emphasis in original). Mander’s theory ...

who were concerned both with a loss of their commodity and with the threat to personal safety that fire presented. Miners and loggers who came to ...

wrath of society. Moral courage is a rarer commodity than bravery in battle or great intelligence. Yet it is the one essential, vital, quality for ...

civilian passenger cars a "non-essential commodity," and production plans for Suzuki's new vehicles were halted. At the conclusion of the ...

Lukács emphasizes the problem of reification. Due to the commodity nature of capitalist society, Lukács asserts that social relations become ...

of mimetic desire and the Marxian theory of commodity fetishism. In their theory, the market takes the place of the sacred in modern life as the ...

Workers are devalued to the level of a commodity--a thing…" From this objectification comes alienation. The common worker is told he ...

in producing one major export commodity often has hindered the development of diversified economies. The inevitable fluctuation in the price ...

grain exports are also a major shipping commodity on the lakes. In the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, iron and other ores such as copper ...

chloride, urea, and anhydrous ammonia. The commodity nature of fertilizer, combined with the high cost of shipping, leads to use of locally available ...

The Victorian era of the United Kingdom and its overseas Empire was the period of Queen Victoria's rule from June 1837 to January 1901. ...

of its form – precious metals, commodity certificates, banknotes, coins, electronic money loaned to commercial banks, or anything else the ...

has been traded to other countries as a valuable commodity since probably before the fourteenth century. The nuts have been used as a stimulant by African ...

Kennedy made a large fortune as a stock market and commodity speculator and by investing in real estate and a wide range of industries. He never ...

Given the ensuing decline in world commodity prices, countries heavily ... and power remains a highly personalized commodity. The economy remains vulnerable ...

United States, public credit, and stock and commodity exchanges. To promote his national vision and defend against the differing political visions of ...

World demand for cocoa tied the economy to commodity exports and led to migrations from the highlands to the agricultural area on the coast. ...

become Comoros' most important export commodity. Beginning in 1785, the Sakalava of the west coast of Madagascar began slaving raids on Comoros ...

Because both methanol and carbon monoxide are commodity raw materials, methanol carbonylation long appeared to be an attractive method for acetic acid ...

use or commonly known. Listing includes bulk commodity products as well as laboratory chemicals. |- ! colspan=1 | Systematic name ...

finance minister in 2002, said that Arafat's commodity monopolies gouged his own people, "especially in Gaza which is poorer, which is something ...

remains. The dried cod became a vital economic commodity and a staple of the Portuguese diet. Afonso V of Portugal claimed the Castilan-Leonese ...

can create false consciousness such as commodity fetishism (perceiving labor ... principle prevails as in the exchange of commodity equivalents: a given amount ...

India. Imported horses became an expensive commodity because horse breeding had never been successful in India, perhaps due to the different climatic ...

high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices. As of January 1, 2006 there were an estimated 500,000 head of cattle and 70,000 ...

China, for many years silk was a primary commodity traded by China with the ... Source: [http://www.fao.org/es/ess/top/commodity.html?lang=en&item ...

to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Commodity Credit Corporation. According to the 2005 Annual Report of the United Nations Subcommittee ...

declined. Cotton was introduced and grown as a commodity. The Puebloans were joined by other cultures. As early as the fifteenth century, the ...

lament the fact that with such a lucrative commodity, others move in to take over quickly. ===Penalties=== Penalties for use and distribution ...

pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity, or handicraft. Generally speaking, it is what makes a product look appealing, and as such, it ...

ucdavis.edu/profiles/Citrus-2006.pdf Commodity Profile: Citrus] Agricultural Issues Center, University of California. Retrieved October 17, 2008. ...

when the red salt of Kanawha County was a valued commodity of first Confederate, and later Union forces. Later, more sophisticated mining methods would ...

The CRB Commodity Yearbook (2000, ISSN 1076-2906). Barry R. Leopold, [http://www.epa.gov/nrmrl/pubs/600r02104/600r02104chap3.pdf Chapter 3: Manufacturing ...

security to come exclusively to it for this commodity." Molinari and this new type of anti-state liberal grounded their reasoning on liberal ...

out of many pieces of cheap commodity hardware; usually individual computers connected by networks. These so-called computer clusters can often ...

network, besides equity, bond, derivatives and commodity contract transactions. ==Civic Administration== The city is administered by the Brihanmumbai ...

Petroleum (Latin Petroleum derived from Greek πέτρα (Latin petra) - rock + έλαιον (Latin oleum) - oil) or crude oil is a naturally ...

The February Revolution ( Февра́льская револю́ция , ru|Fevrálʹskaya revolyútsiya ), known in Soviet historiography as ...

and sold at a price. Children have become a commodity of exchange and child sacrifice is more than a religious or cultural issue, it has become a ...

was the declining market for its traditional commodity exports, tea, coffee and rubber. In 1968 Bandaranaike formed a coalition, the Sri Lanka United ...

due to wage stagnation vis-a-vis basic commodity pricing in the marketplace. Additionally there are contentions that reverting to the colón ...

The slave trade has been, and continues to be, an economic commodity based on human life. In the twenty-first century, this practice became known ...

Carthage traded in almost every commodity wanted by the ancient world, including spices from Arabia, Africa, and India, and slaves. ...

of the US and Canada, land was considered a commodity of value that could be freely bought, owned and sold. For the Ojibwa, land was considered ...

in the production of some tradeable commodity, or because different regions' size allows for the benefits of mass production. ...

bentwood boxes. Hooligan oil was a valuable trade commodity which enriched khwáan such as the Chilkat who saw regular hooligan runs every year in their ...

focusing on delivering software with cheap commodity PCs while Apple was offering its customers a richly engineered, but expensive, experience. ...

himself by working as a bank agent, involved in commodity trading and real estate speculation. He was a house guest of Aaron Burr of New York and collaborated ...

where he became resentful at treating art as a commodity and communicated this to the customers. On April 1, 1876, it was agreed that his employment ...

became a high-priced, much sought-after commodity. The Colonial government opened land to settlers interested in establishing cacao estates. ...

Clauses 28 to 32 say that no royal officer may take any commodity such as corn, wood, or transport without payment or consent or force a knight ...

Copper was also a valued commodity in imperial Mali. Copper, traded in bars, was mined from Takedda in the north and traded in the south for ...

Dryden and John Dennis. It saw news become a commodity and the essay develop into a periodical artform. The dates for "Restoration literature" ...

Although food is a basic and frequently experienced commodity, careful attention to the aesthetic possibilities of foodstuffs can turn eating ...

of steel, which was an expensive commodity and used only where iron would not do, such as for the cutting edge of tools and for springs. Benjamin ...

Une femme mariée is structured around Marx's concept of commodity fetishism, where individuals are considered as things. Godard was very ...

Still, grain was the largest export commodity of the Commonwealth. The owner of a folwark usually signed a contract with merchants of Gdansk ...

through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels. The generation of energy by ...

in Algiers they called for stable and just commodity prices, an international food and agriculture program, technology transfer from North to South ...

gold or platinum, gem diamonds do not trade as a commodity: there is a substantial mark-up in the sale of diamonds, and there is not a very active market ...

seen as little more than a natural, boundless commodity that was mercilessly exploited with terrible losses in capture and transportation. The widely ...

Some of these structures, such as the Saint Petersburg Commodity and Stock Exchange have been recognised as town-planning errors.url=http://www ...

leaving the country vulnerable to swings in world commodity prices. Russia's manufacturing base is dilapidated and must be replaced or modernized ...