Search results for "Helium-4" - New World Encyclopedia
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- Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa discovered that helium-4 has almost no viscosity ... Helium-4 (the most common isotope of helium) has two different liquid ...32 KB (4,897 words) - 15:19, 25 January 2023
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- When liquid helium-4 is cooled to a temperature close to absolute zero, it acquires an unusual set of properties known as superfluidity, and ...7 KB (1,079 words) - 13:54, 28 April 2023
- Category:Public number=10 | symbol=Ne | name=neon | left=fluorine | right=sodium | above=He | below=Ar | color1=#c0ffff | color2=green ...6 KB (841 words) - 16:18, 11 November 2022
- A giant star is a star with substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main sequence star of the same surface temperature. It is, therefore ...9 KB (1,372 words) - 07:44, 24 January 2023
- Uraninite is a uranium-rich, radioactive mineral that is composed mainly of uranium dioxide (UO2). It is black or brownish and the principal ...4 KB (526 words) - 13:35, 3 May 2023
- The properties of lasers and masers, superfluid helium-4 and Bose–Einstein ... *The atom helium-4 (4He) is made of 2 protons, 2 neutrons and 2 electrons ...10 KB (1,425 words) - 17:22, 22 December 2022
- Phenomenological theory of superfluidity in helium-4 was created by ... Although the phenomenologies of the superfluid states of helium-4 ...15 KB (2,275 words) - 17:44, 28 March 2024
- thumbnail|A figurative depiction of the helium-4 atom. In the nucleus, the ... in a small atomic nucleus like that of helium-4, in which the two protons ...13 KB (1,903 words) - 06:57, 21 August 2023
- Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa discovered that helium-4 has almost no viscosity ... Helium-4 (the most common isotope of helium) has two different liquid ...32 KB (4,897 words) - 15:19, 25 January 2023
- During detonation, neutrons split lithium-6 into helium-4 and tritium; the tritium then fuses with deuterium, producing more neutrons. As this process ...18 KB (2,638 words) - 16:50, 5 November 2022
- svg|thumb|250px|Alpha radiation consists of helium-4 nuclei and is readily stopped by a sheet of paper. Beta radiation, consisting of electrons, ...13 KB (1,992 words) - 08:22, 23 July 2023
- In particle physics, fermions are a group of elementary (or fundamental) particles that are the building blocks of matter. In the Standard Model ...16 KB (2,185 words) - 17:26, 26 March 2024
- A nonmetal is a chemical element with several properties that are opposite those of a metal. Based on their properties, the elements of the periodic ...6 KB (785 words) - 02:40, 16 November 2022
- According to the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows the relationship between absolute magnitude, luminosity, classification ...10 KB (1,492 words) - 19:09, 16 April 2023
- Category:Public [[Image:plasma fountain.gif|thumb|300px|right|The Earth's "plasma fountain," showing oxygen, helium, and hydrogen ...17 KB (2,619 words) - 11:09, 6 March 2024
- u), the deuteron has 2.014 u, and the helium-4 nucleus has 4.0026u. Thus: ... the binding energy per nucleon of the helium-4 nucleus is unusually high ...22 KB (3,405 words) - 00:39, 17 November 2022
- and 2 neutrons), giving another element, plus helium-4. In many cases this process continues through several steps of this kind, including other ...18 KB (2,740 words) - 00:29, 17 November 2022
- The main group elements of the periodic table are groups 1, 2 and 13 through 18. Elements in these groups are collectively known as main group ...30 KB (4,368 words) - 00:41, 24 November 2022
- |- | colspan="6" align="center" | 6Li content may be as low as 3.75% innatural samples. 7Li would thereforehave a content ...16 KB (2,302 words) - 04:29, 29 October 2022
- A balloon is a flexible bag normally filled with a gas, such as helium, hydrogen, nitrous oxide or air. Some balloons are purely decorative, ...27 KB (4,279 words) - 05:57, 26 August 2023
- In cosmology, the Steady State theory (also known as the Infinite Universe theory or continuous creation) is a model developed in 1948 by Fred ...10 KB (1,466 words) - 19:55, 9 February 2023
- An atom (Greek άτομον from ά: non and τομον: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. Originally the ...13 KB (2,062 words) - 06:25, 21 August 2023
- The Crab Nebula (catalog designations M1, NGC 1952, Taurus A) is a supernova remnant and pulsar wind nebula in the constellation of Taurus. Located ...23 KB (3,450 words) - 06:15, 11 January 2024
- In particle physics, a lepton is one of the elementary (or fundamental) particles that are the building blocks of matter. Elementary particles ...8 KB (1,168 words) - 21:59, 25 October 2022
- Main sequence is the class name for stars that occupy a continuous distinctive band formed by plotting stellar color versus brightness for a ...39 KB (5,825 words) - 10:55, 9 March 2023
- Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa (Russian Пётр Леонидович Капица) (July 9, 1894 – April 8, 1984) was a Russian physicist who discovered ...9 KB (1,369 words) - 03:36, 7 December 2022
- Lawrencium (chemical symbol Lr, atomic number 103), once known as eka-lutetium, is a radioactive synthetic element in the periodic table. Its ...6 KB (798 words) - 17:58, 25 October 2022
- Sir James Chadwick, CH (October 20, 1891 – July 24, 1974) was an English physicist and Nobel laureate who is best known for discovering the ...12 KB (1,728 words) - 21:08, 20 March 2024
- Category:Public [[image:Edge_of_Space2.png|thumb|right|175px|Layers of Atmosphere (NOAA)]] The Earth's atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding ...24 KB (3,540 words) - 17:34, 12 February 2024
- Natural gas in the broad sense is a gaseous material consisting primarily of methane and deriving from one of three main types of sources: deeply ...25 KB (3,786 words) - 04:20, 11 March 2023
- The gas constant (also known as the molar, universal, or ideal gas constant) is a physical constant that is featured in a number of fundamental ...9 KB (1,458 words) - 04:37, 18 April 2024
- A notable exception to this general trend is the helium-4 nucleus ... curve of binding energy. It also makes helium-4 the most common product ...39 KB (6,029 words) - 23:53, 16 November 2022
- Lev Davidovich Landau (January 22, 1908 – April 1, 1968) was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas ...7 KB (1,038 words) - 22:05, 25 October 2022
- Berkelium (chemical symbol Bk, atomic number 97) is a synthetic, radioactive chemical element, classified as an actinide. It was first synthesized ...7 KB (911 words) - 11:01, 28 September 2023
- Category:Public number=54 | symbol=Xe | name=xenon | left=iodine | right=cesium | above=Kr | below=Rn | color1=#c0ffff | color2=green ...13 KB (1,905 words) - 14:16, 20 May 2023
- Mendelevium (chemical symbol Md (formerly Mv), atomic number 101), also known as unnilunium (symbol Unu), is a synthetic element in the periodic ...6 KB (778 words) - 04:30, 9 November 2022
- Astrochemistry, representing an overlap of the disciplines of astronomy and chemistry, is the study of chemicals found in outer space, including ...7 KB (940 words) - 18:21, 19 August 2023
- Vapor pressure (or vapour pressure) is the pressure of a vapor in equilibrium with its non-vapor phases. Under appropriate conditions of temperature ...8 KB (1,238 words) - 14:35, 3 May 2023
- Atmospheric chemistry involves study of the chemistry of the atmospheres of Earth and other planets. It is a branch of atmospheric science and ...11 KB (1,481 words) - 06:25, 21 August 2023
- An airship or dirigible is a buoyant aircraft that can be steered and propelled through the air. It is classified as an aerostatic craft, to ...40 KB (6,108 words) - 07:11, 16 June 2023
- of Lithium-7 and a proton producing two Helium-4 nuclei. The temperature necessary for this reaction is just below the temperature necessary ...26 KB (3,884 words) - 04:37, 22 November 2023
- In particle physics, a quark is one of the elementary (or fundamental) particles that are the building blocks of matter. Elementary particles ...22 KB (3,412 words) - 15:31, 7 December 2022
- Modern geologists and geophysicists consider the age of Earth to be around 4.54 billion years (4.54 9 years).1997. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age ...34 KB (5,149 words) - 06:44, 16 June 2023
- Superconductivity, discovered in 1911 by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at extremely low temperatures ...21 KB (3,041 words) - 23:46, 26 February 2023
- Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. Jupiter and the other gas giants—Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune—are ...33 KB (5,055 words) - 06:44, 28 February 2023
- 1 (one) is a number, numeral, and the glyph that represents the number. It represents a single entity and is commonly regarded as the fundamental ...16 KB (2,188 words) - 06:29, 13 June 2023
- A magnetosphere is a dynamically varying tear-drop shaped region of plasma comprising magnetic fields and charged particles surrounding a magnetized ...23 KB (3,695 words) - 05:21, 5 November 2022
- The Sun is the star at the center of the Earth's solar system. The Earth and other matter (including other planets, asteroids, comets, ...52 KB (7,953 words) - 22:23, 26 February 2023
- Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in our solar system. It is the fourth largest planet by diameter and the third largest ...30 KB (4,444 words) - 16:20, 11 November 2022
- In nuclear physics, beta decay is a type of radioactive decay involving the emission of beta particles. Beta particles are high-energy, high ...10 KB (1,458 words) - 17:45, 29 September 2023
- A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond characterized by the sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms. In general, a chemical bond ...15 KB (2,401 words) - 06:13, 11 January 2024
- as a helium white dwarf composed chiefly of helium-4 nuclei. Owing to the time this process takes, it is not thought to be the origin of observed ...72 KB (10,792 words) - 18:14, 4 May 2023
- The Kelvin scale is a thermodynamic (absolute) temperature scale. The zero position on this scale is known as absolute zero, which is defined ...15 KB (2,316 words) - 17:20, 5 October 2022
- An aerogel is a low-density solid-state material derived from a gel in which the liquid component of the gel has been replaced with gas. The ...18 KB (2,574 words) - 05:49, 16 June 2023
- Electronegativity is one of the fundamental concepts for an understanding of chemical bonding. The first modern definition was suggested by Linus ...16 KB (2,171 words) - 15:58, 13 February 2024
- A star is a massive, luminous ball of plasma that is held together by its own gravity. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source ...80 KB (12,078 words) - 15:50, 27 April 2023
- Carlsbad Caverns National Park is a United States National Park located in the southeastern corner of New Mexico near the city of Carlsbad, where ...19 KB (2,927 words) - 15:25, 27 November 2023
- Curium (chemical symbol Cm, atomic number 96) is a radioactive, metallic, transuranic element "Transuranic elements" are the chemical ...10 KB (1,354 words) - 06:46, 12 January 2024
- Californium (chemical symbol Cf, atomic number 98) is a chemical element in the periodic table. A radioactive transuranic element, ...11 KB (1,466 words) - 18:27, 25 November 2023
- The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defines "planet" as a celestial body that, within the solar system,[http://www.iau.org/news/press ...37 KB (5,416 words) - 07:49, 24 November 2022
- Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. It is the third largest by diameter and fourth largest by mass. Uranus is similar in composition to ...17 KB (2,530 words) - 13:36, 3 May 2023
- X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy that focuses on the study of celestial objects based on their X-ray emissions. These ...11 KB (1,662 words) - 14:15, 20 May 2023
- Infrared astronomy is the branch of astronomy and astrophysics that studies objects as they would appear in the infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic ...11 KB (1,589 words) - 19:23, 5 March 2024
- A chemical element, often called simply element, is the class of atoms which contain the same number of protons. An older definition refers to ...10 KB (1,624 words) - 14:39, 5 December 2023
- of alpha particles (corresponding to nuclei of helium-4). Alpha decay has been observed (in 2003) in only 180W, the lightest and rarest of these isotopes ...17 KB (2,431 words) - 18:45, 2 May 2023
- The Solar system (or solar system) Capitalization of the name varies. The IAU, the authoritative body regarding astronomical nomenclature, specifies ...60 KB (9,448 words) - 15:09, 27 April 2023
- Cosmic rays are energetic particles originating from space that impinge on Earth's atmosphere. Almost 90 percent of all the incoming cosmic ...37 KB (5,720 words) - 08:13, 10 January 2024
- Fuel is any material that is burned or altered to obtain energy. Fuel releases its energy either through chemical means, such as combustion, ...10 KB (1,556 words) - 00:50, 18 October 2022
- In astrophysics, weakly interacting massive particles, or WIMPs, are hypothetical particles serving as one possible solution to the dark matter ...10 KB (1,576 words) - 23:22, 3 May 2023
- A laser (an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation) is an electronic-optical device that emits coherent radiation ...41 KB (6,333 words) - 06:55, 4 March 2023
- Category:Public [[Image:Weatheringcartoon.jpg|thumb|right|400px|This illustration shows various components of space weathering]] Space weathering ...10 KB (1,503 words) - 17:14, 14 October 2022
- possible to calculate the concentration of helium-4, helium-3, deuterium and lithium-7 in the universe as ratios to the amount of ordinary hydrogen, H ...58 KB (8,668 words) - 03:46, 1 October 2023
- 2 (two) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number A natural number is any number that is a positive ...19 KB (2,775 words) - 06:42, 13 June 2023
- began as a mixture of hydrogen-1 (75 percent) and helium-4 (25 percent) with only traces of other light atoms. All the other elements, including the radioactive ...30 KB (4,559 words) - 22:46, 7 December 2022
- Erwin Rudolf Josef Alexander Schrödinger (August 12, 1887 – January 4, 1961) was an Austrian-Irish physicist who achieved fame for his contributions ...17 KB (2,571 words) - 21:27, 20 March 2024
- Andrei Arsenyevich Tarkovsky (Андре́й Арсе́ньевич Тарко́вский) (April 4, 1932 - December 29, 1986) was a Russian ...16 KB (2,516 words) - 20:10, 26 July 2023
- A quasar (contraction of QUASi-stellAR radio source) is an extremely bright and distant active nucleus of a young galaxy. Quasars were first ...16 KB (2,372 words) - 15:39, 7 December 2022
- Boiling is the process of rapidly converting a liquid to its gaseous (vapor) state, typically by heating the liquid to a temperature called its ...13 KB (2,088 words) - 05:24, 17 November 2023
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals (November 23, 1837 – March 8, 1923) was an outstanding Dutch physicist who was the first to obtain an equation ...10 KB (1,620 words) - 23:19, 22 June 2023
- Nuclear fission is the splitting of the nucleus of an atom into parts (lighter nuclei), often producing photons (in the form of gamma rays), ...31 KB (4,827 words) - 10:09, 11 March 2023
- Mercury is the innermost and smallest planet in the solar system, orbiting the Sun once every 88 days. Its brightness ranges from about -2.0 ...35 KB (5,451 words) - 16:12, 9 November 2022
- 4 (four) is a number, numeral, and glyph that represents the number. It is the natural number A natural number is any number that is a positive ...24 KB (3,319 words) - 06:45, 13 June 2023
- Niobium or columbium (chemical symbol Nb, atomic number 41) is a rare, soft, gray metal. It was discovered in a variety of columbite (now called ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 04:59, 15 November 2022
- The development of the periodic table of the elements parallels the development of science and our understanding of the physical universe. It ...15 KB (2,217 words) - 15:59, 25 January 2023
- A nuclear reactor is a device in which nuclear chain reactions are initiated, controlled, and sustained at a steady rate, as opposed to a nuclear ...45 KB (6,704 words) - 00:40, 17 November 2022
- In the Solar System, Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun. It is a gas giant (also known as a Jovian planet, after the planet Jupiter), the ...26 KB (3,935 words) - 17:00, 23 December 2022
- In physics and chemistry, an atomic orbital is a region in which an electron may be found within a single atom. J. Daintith, Oxford Dictionary ...33 KB (5,193 words) - 01:09, 18 November 2022
- Electric charge is a fundamental, conserved property of some subatomic particles, such as electrons and protons. There are two opposite types ...14 KB (2,244 words) - 00:13, 13 February 2024
- Gamma rays (γ rays) is the popular name applied to gamma radiation, the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation and thus the electromagnetic ...16 KB (2,549 words) - 04:20, 18 April 2024
- Basalt is a common, gray to black volcanic rock. It is usually fine-grained due to rapid cooling of lava on the Earth's surface. It may ...16 KB (2,316 words) - 03:22, 1 January 2022
- Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe. It involves studies of the physical properties (luminosity ...14 KB (1,947 words) - 18:28, 19 August 2023
- Category:Public number=6 | symbol=C | name=carbon | left=boron | right=nitrogen | above=- | below=Si | color1=#a0ffa0 | color2=black ...21 KB (2,997 words) - 22:12, 25 November 2023
- Chromatography (from Greek χρώμα chroma, meaning "color") is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the ...17 KB (2,480 words) - 21:51, 10 December 2023
- Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM PC FRS (August 30, 1871 - October 19, 1937), widely referred to as Lord Rutherford, was ...17 KB (2,514 words) - 19:33, 13 February 2024
- Gas is one of the four major states or phases of matter, along with solid, liquid, and plasma. Each state is characterized by distinct physical ...20 KB (3,107 words) - 04:37, 18 April 2024
- A galaxy is a massive, gravitationally bound system consisting of stars, an interstellar medium of gas, plasma, and dust, and dark matter.L.S ...57 KB (8,514 words) - 03:49, 18 April 2024
- Distillation is a method of separating chemical substances based on differences in their volatilities. It usually forms part of a larger chemical ...29 KB (4,405 words) - 15:30, 29 January 2024
- The photoelectric effect is a quantum electronic phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from matter after the absorption of energy from electromagnetic ...23 KB (3,443 words) - 04:26, 24 November 2022
- Scuba diving is the act of swimming underwater while using a self-contained breathing apparatus. By carrying a source of compressed air, the ...20 KB (3,196 words) - 02:37, 21 April 2023
- A subatomic particle is a particle smaller than an atom. It may be either an elementary (or fundamental) particle, or a composite particle, also ...20 KB (3,162 words) - 21:09, 26 February 2023
- Activated carbon (also called active carbon, activated charcoal, or activated coal) is a form of carbon that has been processed to make it extremely ...23 KB (3,406 words) - 05:41, 15 June 2023
- Cadmium (chemical symbol Cd, atomic number 48) is a relatively rare, soft, bluish-white metal. Its chemical properties are similar to those of ...16 KB (2,248 words) - 10:14, 25 November 2023
- proton]]s) into 595.2 billion kilograms of helium-4 (2 protons combined with 2 neutrons)—the 4.2 billion kilogram difference is the energy which the ...42 KB (6,653 words) - 19:12, 7 February 2023
- An airline provides air transport services for passengers or freight. Airlines lease or own their aircraft with which to supply these services ...33 KB (4,986 words) - 07:02, 16 June 2023
- Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its speed, as observed when a wave passes from one medium to another. The ...21 KB (3,222 words) - 03:01, 8 December 2022
- Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988; IPA: /ˈfaɪnmən/ ) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of ...54 KB (8,060 words) - 20:15, 8 December 2022
- The solar wind is a stream of charged particles — a plasma — ejected from the upper atmosphere of the Sun. It consists mostly of electrons ...23 KB (3,443 words) - 00:46, 4 February 2023
- Planetary habitability is the measure of a planet's or a natural satellite's potential to develop and sustain life. As the existence ...54 KB (8,172 words) - 20:44, 9 April 2023
- Deuterium (chemical symbol D or ²H) is a stable isotope of hydrogen, found in extremely small amounts in nature. The nucleus of deuterium, called ...31 KB (4,687 words) - 10:07, 29 January 2024
- In physics and cosmology, the anthropic principle encompasses diverse explanations about the structure of the universe that open the question ...36 KB (5,492 words) - 06:15, 31 July 2023
- An electron microscope is a type of microscope that uses electrons to illuminate a specimen and create an enlarged image. Electron microscopes ...20 KB (2,873 words) - 15:58, 13 February 2024
- Ammonia is a chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, with the formula NH3. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure In this case, ...39 KB (5,803 words) - 07:35, 25 July 2023
- A wind tunnel is a research tool developed to assist with studying the effects of air moving over or around solid objects. The speed and flow ...21 KB (3,348 words) - 10:57, 15 May 2023
- April Fools' Day or April Fool's Day (sometimes called All Fools' Day) is an annual custom on April 1, consisting of practical ...22 KB (3,192 words) - 15:56, 11 August 2023
- Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound that is found as a gas in the Earth's atmosphere. It consists of simple molecules, each of which has ...34 KB (5,140 words) - 19:07, 26 November 2023
- The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. Natural satellites of other planets are also called moons, although they usually have their ...39 KB (6,162 words) - 13:13, 10 March 2023
- Category:Politics and social sciences Category:Anthropology [[Image:crematorium.arp.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The crematorium at Haycombe Cemetery ...24 KB (3,818 words) - 00:19, 15 January 2023
- In physics and chemistry, a plasma is one of the four principal states of matter. Plasma is typically an ionized gas, but it is usually considered ...35 KB (5,311 words) - 07:58, 24 November 2022
- Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. It is often done by melting ...41 KB (6,376 words) - 23:28, 3 May 2023
- Venus is the second-closest planet to the Sun, orbiting it every 224.7 Earth days. After Earth's Moon, it is the brightest object in the ...45 KB (7,026 words) - 17:37, 3 May 2023
- A vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, so that gaseous pressure is much less than standard atmospheric pressure. ...37 KB (5,624 words) - 20:38, 21 April 2020
- In cosmology, the cosmic microwave background radiation CMB (also CMBR, CBR, MBR, and relic radiation) is a form of electromagnetic radiation ...47 KB (6,936 words) - 08:12, 10 January 2024
- Kansas is a Midwestern state located in the geographic center of the 48 contiguous states of the U.S.. commonly, and affectionately, referred ...47 KB (6,951 words) - 08:26, 28 February 2023
- A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by magnetic coupling without requiring relative motion ...40 KB (5,952 words) - 02:06, 2 May 2023
