Search results for "Hydrogen ion" - New World Encyclopedia
From New World Encyclopedia
- is found mainly in the form of the chloride ion, a component of salts deposited ... it with water. The reaction produced hydrogen and sodium hydroxide—two ...15 KB (2,040 words) - 17:07, 10 December 2023
- dioxide, or the reduction of carbon by hydrogen to yield methane (CH4), ... *Oxidation describes the loss of electrons by a molecule, atom or ion. ...12 KB (1,809 words) - 02:49, 8 December 2022
- The non-hydrogen atoms of functional groups are always associated ... R and R' usually denotes an attached hydrogen, or a hydrocarbon side chain ...13 KB (1,621 words) - 07:19, 15 April 2024
- called a formate or methanoate. The formate ion has the formula HCOO−. ... the vapor phase, formic acid consists of hydrogen-bonded dimers (pairs of ...13 KB (1,811 words) - 06:35, 1 April 2024
- resemble ammonia, wherein one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by organic ... primary amines arise when one of three hydrogen atoms in ammonia is replaced ...18 KB (2,577 words) - 07:02, 25 July 2023
- involving the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia. Nickel ... such a complex, the transition metal atom or ion forms weak covalent bonds ...17 KB (2,462 words) - 04:39, 5 November 2022
- lose this electron to become a positive ion. For this reason, lithium ... nuclei). It is thought that the nuclei of hydrogen, helium, and beryllium atoms ...16 KB (2,302 words) - 04:29, 29 October 2022
- Group 1 of the periodic table (excluding hydrogen in all but one rare circumstance ... electron which is easily lost to form an ion with a single positive charge ...30 KB (4,368 words) - 00:41, 24 November 2022
- acids, written as R-COOH, where R is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group. ... Carboxylic acids are polar and form hydrogen bonds with one another ...13 KB (1,872 words) - 19:11, 26 November 2023
- in pH (by resisting changes in hydronium ion and hydroxide ion concentrations ... Le Chatelier's principle and the common ion effect. ...12 KB (1,728 words) - 18:37, 22 November 2023
- ====Reactive ion etching (RIE)==== In reactive ion etching (RIE), the substrate is placed inside a reactor ...14 KB (2,096 words) - 10:39, 10 March 2023
- atoms. The simplest borate contains the ion BO33−, in which the atoms ... 0.025 mol/L. The best known of these is the ion, found in the mineral borax: ...10 KB (1,587 words) - 19:37, 20 November 2023
- Adsorption, ion exchange, and chromatography are sorption processes ... silica source in an autoclave, followed by ion exchange with certain cations ...19 KB (2,837 words) - 06:18, 15 June 2023
- ions and hydroxide ions. The hydroxide ion makes sodium hydroxide a strong ... Sodium hydroxide is produced (along with chlorine and hydrogen) via ...19 KB (2,762 words) - 15:05, 27 April 2023
- stable form. For instance, calcium ion might be precipitated using ... only for the determination of carbon and hydrogen. Methods are often convoluted ...8 KB (1,266 words) - 19:27, 20 January 2023
- does not (with some exceptions) liberate hydrogen on reaction with metals ... it completely ionizes into the nitrate ion NO3− and a hydrated proton ...19 KB (2,942 words) - 02:25, 16 November 2022
- was the same as that carried by a hydrogen ion. This had yet to be substantiated ... a thousand times higher than that of a hydrogen ion, suggesting either that ...15 KB (2,271 words) - 01:09, 8 February 2023
- This hydrolysis reaction releases hydrogen chloride and carbon dioxide: ... a base such as pyridine that absorbs the hydrogen chloride. ...10 KB (1,416 words) - 22:44, 28 March 2023
- acid ammonia.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Vapors of hydrogen chloride in a beaker and ammonia in a test tube meet to form a cloud of a new substance, ammonium ...12 KB (1,710 words) - 14:43, 5 December 2023
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears ... Hydrogen peroxide was first isolated in 1818 by Louis Jacques Thénard ...32 KB (4,734 words) - 13:20, 4 February 2023
- noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination ... in gradually increasing detail, with the hydrogen bond being described by ...20 KB (2,678 words) - 17:36, 23 October 2022
- sufficiently strong that it will remove hydrogen and oxygen atoms from other ... a dehydrating agent, forming the nitronium ion NO2+, which is important in ...31 KB (4,778 words) - 21:53, 26 February 2023
- be handled with care. For instance, hydrogen sulfide is quite toxic, ... to the odor of sulfur compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, which has the smell ...22 KB (3,269 words) - 21:43, 26 February 2023
- producing hydrogen ions, H+. A hydrogen ion protonates the electronegative ... ethanol molecule, producing water, a hydrogen ion and diethyl ether. ...13 KB (1,801 words) - 14:33, 29 January 2024
- Reactive oxygen species or ROS are species such as superoxide, hydrogen ... inovolves the transport of protons (hydrogen ions) across the inner mitochondrial ...18 KB (2,651 words) - 22:44, 7 December 2022
- portions of a water molecule forming hydrogen bonds with partially charged ... example, water is a compound comprising hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio ...20 KB (2,886 words) - 14:48, 5 December 2023
- explosion, such as what is generated by a hydrogen bomb. Reactions that are ... produced by humans have been produced in hydrogen bombs, where the extreme ...39 KB (6,029 words) - 23:53, 16 November 2022
- content of the rock). The bicarbonate ion enters oceans through fresh ... compounds with no carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds, is important in its ...17 KB (2,593 words) - 23:46, 20 April 2023
- === Orbitals in hydrogen-like atoms === atom with a single electron, such as the hydrogen atom. ...33 KB (5,193 words) - 01:09, 18 November 2022
- This oxygen atom is bonded to a hydrogen atom forming an OH (hydroxide) group in the clay structure. Clays can be categorized according to the ...7 KB (1,004 words) - 11:01, 19 December 2023
- use a second electrolyte to consume the hydrogen produced by the first. In ... In addition, car batteries liberate hydrogen when they are overcharged ...31 KB (4,897 words) - 11:28, 20 September 2023
- In DNA, thymine and cytosine form hydrogen bonds with their complementary ... Found in RNA, it base pairs with adenine through hydrogen bonding ...14 KB (1,996 words) - 19:37, 12 November 2022
- see nitrogen fixation) into a form (ammonium ion) that is chemically useful ... (H+) to another molecule to form the amide ion (NH2−); as a base, it receives ...22 KB (3,304 words) - 02:26, 16 November 2022
- process, including the removal of smell (hydrogen sulfide remediation), taste ... calcium carbonate out utilizing the common ion effect. #Pre-chlorination: ...30 KB (4,619 words) - 23:17, 3 May 2023
- produce the alkali sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. Given its reactivity ... reacts violently with it, releasing heat, hydrogen gas, and caustic sodium ...21 KB (3,204 words) - 21:54, 30 January 2023
- Ether molecules cannot form hydrogen bonds with each other, resulting ... of electrons on the oxygen atoms makes hydrogen bonding with water molecules ...15 KB (2,285 words) - 04:31, 22 March 2024
- reactants, consisting of a fuel (such as hydrogen) and an oxidant (such as ... A fuel cell system running on hydrogen can be compact and lightweight ...40 KB (5,810 words) - 07:10, 15 April 2024
- conductor (a metal or semiconductor) and an ion conductor (the electrolyte ... succeeded in decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen by electrolysis ...56 KB (8,590 words) - 15:53, 13 February 2024
- calcium. When it is submerged in water, hydrogen bubbles begin to form almost ... water, providing the sour-tasting magnesium ion Mg2+. Small amounts of dissolved ...17 KB (2,430 words) - 10:49, 9 March 2023
- the alkali potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. In nature, it is bound ... lose this electron to become a positive ion. For this reason, although ...18 KB (2,538 words) - 05:52, 30 November 2022
- and resistance-sintering in a vacuum or hydrogen atmosphere. This procedure ... from APR simply by reducing the latter with hydrogen. * Perrhenic acid ...10 KB (1,384 words) - 20:01, 8 December 2022
- the second dissociation, HPO42–, is the hydrogen phosphate anion. The anion ... because it provides a larger number of hydrogen ions with less contamination ...23 KB (3,466 words) - 04:24, 24 November 2022
- a positively charged aromatic polyatomic ion called a pyridinium cation ... The bond lengths and bond angles in pyridine and the pyridinium ion ...11 KB (1,458 words) - 03:38, 7 December 2022
- compound of argon with fluorine and hydrogen—was first reported by researchers ... frozen argon containing a small amount of hydrogen fluoride, argon hydrofluoride ...11 KB (1,517 words) - 06:25, 12 August 2023
- acids are called bicarbonates (or hydrogen carbonates, when the anion ... For a long time, researchers found it impossible to obtain pure hydrogen ...13 KB (2,013 words) - 19:10, 26 November 2023
- It may also prove possible to extract hydrogen from the cold traps at the ... of ionized gas as a magnetic sail), electric ion thrusters, or mass drivers ...17 KB (2,555 words) - 19:04, 7 February 2023
- Ammonia is a chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen, with the ... the renal tubules, combine with a hydrogen ion, and thus allow for further ...39 KB (5,803 words) - 07:35, 25 July 2023
- on the excess or deficiency of a common ion in the solution, a phenomenon ... Many salts behave like barium nitrate and disodium hydrogen arsenate ...23 KB (3,483 words) - 01:08, 4 February 2023
- sulfuric acid at 50 - 60 °C, where one hydrogen atom is displaced to give ... Now a mixture of hydrogen gas and nitrobenzene vapors are heated at ...13 KB (1,817 words) - 06:09, 28 July 2023
- ATP) for active transport to take place. Much of the ion transport taking place in the distal convoluted tubule is regulated by the endocrine system. ...14 KB (2,036 words) - 16:20, 11 November 2022
- an alkane by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms ... of a class of haloalkanes where not all hydrogen has been replaced by chlorine ...35 KB (5,199 words) - 23:36, 3 August 2023
- resonance imaging), materials engineering (ion implantation), and archaeology ... or nucleon transfer reactions, employing ion beams from a particle accelerator ...18 KB (2,740 words) - 00:29, 17 November 2022
- low toxicity, but some specialized boron hydrogen compounds are toxic and ... reducing volatile boron halogenides with hydrogen at high temperatures. Highly ...16 KB (2,239 words) - 19:45, 20 November 2023
- reactive with water or alcohol, producing hydrogen gas. Upon burning in air ... the result of its ability to block potassium ion channels, which are critical ...13 KB (1,855 words) - 08:07, 20 September 2023
- Each type of ion is surrounded by six ions of the other kind. This ... chlorine, this chloralkali process yields hydrogen gas and sodium hydroxide ...16 KB (2,377 words) - 15:04, 27 April 2023
- with chlorine and oxygen and displaces hydrogen from dilute acids. It is ... it releases severely irritating fumes of hydrogen chloride. It forms a white ...16 KB (2,335 words) - 23:38, 30 April 2023
- Fluorine reacts explosively with hydrogen even under cool conditions ... the form of the negatively charged fluoride ion (F−), combined with some ...13 KB (1,855 words) - 17:47, 28 March 2024
- The Haber process combines nitrogen and hydrogen to produce ammonia ... ammonium nitrate added to burn off the resulting hydrogen. ...18 KB (2,699 words) - 07:39, 25 July 2023
- with chlorine present as the inorganic ion 16. The scope of this method ... with the replacement of chlorine with hydrogen on the biphenyl skeleton ...24 KB (3,627 words) - 08:41, 24 November 2022
- CH3CO2H to better reflect its structure. The ion resulting from loss of H+ ... The hydrogen (H) atom in the carboxyl group (−COOH) in carboxylic ...35 KB (5,135 words) - 07:33, 14 June 2023
- force, i.e., by the flow of protons (i.e., hydrogen ions) across the bacterial cell membrane due to a concentration gradient set up by the cell's ...15 KB (2,271 words) - 17:34, 28 March 2024
- phenol molecule has weak tendencies to lose the H+ ion from the hydroxyl group, resulting in the highly water-soluble phenoxide anion C6H5O−. Compared ...8 KB (1,204 words) - 02:56, 24 November 2022
- vigorous enough to ignite the liberated hydrogen. Rubidium has also been ... *The study of potassium ion channels in biology. Rubidium is easily ...14 KB (1,892 words) - 20:57, 21 December 2022
- pure form until after the development of ion exchange and metallographic ... mineral acids with the emission of hydrogen. It is soft enough to be ...10 KB (1,193 words) - 17:27, 12 February 2024
- The combustion of hydrogen sulfide and organosulfur compounds proceeds in a similar manner: :2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) → 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g) ...13 KB (1,988 words) - 21:44, 26 February 2023
- png|center|thumb|280px|The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density]] ...10 KB (1,515 words) - 15:57, 13 February 2024
- produced by reducing tungsten oxide with hydrogen or carbon. ... brown WO2, is made by reducing WO3 with hydrogen (H2). ...17 KB (2,431 words) - 18:45, 2 May 2023
- a low density of particles, predominantly hydrogen plasma, as well as electromagnetic ... space where there are still a few hydrogen atoms per cubic centimeter ...19 KB (2,762 words) - 05:59, 18 November 2022
- field may, for instance, originate from an ion or polar molecule in the vicinity ... * Hydrogen cyanide: 2.98 * Cyanamide: 4.27 * Potassium bromide: 10.41 ...20 KB (3,037 words) - 15:26, 29 January 2024
- it reacts with dilute acids to release hydrogen. The one common oxidation ... In addition, the free zinc ion in solution is highly toxic to plants ...18 KB (2,716 words) - 06:07, 13 June 2023
- Zeolites are widely used as ion-exchange beds in domestic and commercial ... in their structure and reactivity. The hydrogen form of zeolites (prepared ...15 KB (2,158 words) - 05:51, 13 June 2023
- quot; often means all elements except hydrogen and helium.) X-rays of Solar System bodies are generally produced by fluorescence. Scattered solar ...11 KB (1,662 words) - 14:15, 20 May 2023
- Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Its chemical formula may be written as CO(NH2)2, CON2H4, or CN2H4O. It ...16 KB (2,391 words) - 13:44, 3 May 2023
- colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb," even though ... quantum mechanical treatments of the hydrogen molecular ion. In 1930, ...41 KB (6,221 words) - 23:53, 12 February 2024
- acid is known as ascorbate. The ascorbate ion represents what is called ... naturally occurs either attached to a hydrogen ion, forming ascorbic acid ...31 KB (4,437 words) - 20:15, 17 April 2023
- * Arsenic acid (H3AsO4): This is the acid form of the arsenate ion ... H− equivalents. It can be decomposed to hydrogen gas and elemental arsenic ...21 KB (2,920 words) - 04:00, 15 August 2023
- a mixture of tartaric acid and potassium hydrogen sulfate, or by the hydrolysis ... of pyruvic acid. A carboxylate anion is an ion with negative charge that ...14 KB (1,901 words) - 15:37, 18 June 2015
- and a base (Brønsted-Lowry base) is a hydrogen ion acceptor. When the base ... molecule acts as an acid and donates a hydrogen ion to another, which acts ...56 KB (8,647 words) - 23:15, 3 May 2023
- such as gas exchange and regulation of hydrogen ion concentration, the lungs also play important non-respiratory roles, which help to ensure ...13 KB (1,981 words) - 03:04, 5 November 2022
- metal from the powder by reacting it with hydrogen gas. ... * The complex of a rhodium ion with the organic compound called “BINAP” ...13 KB (1,685 words) - 20:04, 8 December 2022
- is passed, the water breaks down (to hydrogen and oxygen), and oxygen ... bacteria are common, and they produce hydrogen sulfide, causing sulfide ...20 KB (3,072 words) - 03:36, 8 January 2024
- of precipitation, solvent extraction, and ion exchange. The resulting mixture ... extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangeers was feasible). ...48 KB (6,867 words) - 15:33, 16 January 2024
- a rocky core at the center, a liquid metallic hydrogen layer above that, and a molecular hydrogen layer above that. Traces of various ices are also present ...26 KB (3,935 words) - 17:00, 23 December 2022
- which are used to carry the hydroxide ion into organic systems. It is ... methyl groups (a carbon attached to three hydrogen atoms) for methylation reactions ...15 KB (2,128 words) - 23:57, 13 January 2023
- Electronegativity is one of the fundamental concepts for an understanding of chemical bonding. The first modern definition was suggested by Linus ...16 KB (2,171 words) - 15:58, 13 February 2024
- mantle), rutile (titanium dioxide), and ice (hydrogen oxide). The oxide class includes the hydroxide minerals. === Sulfide class === ...16 KB (2,351 words) - 18:48, 9 November 2022
- come. Cerium is most often prepared via an ion exchange process that uses ... as cerium reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. Workers exposed to ...15 KB (2,039 words) - 23:59, 3 December 2023
- acetic acid (vinegar) and cyanides like hydrogen cyanide (almonds) or the ... * cyanide C≡N− (hydrogen cyanide) * hydroxide OH− ...36 KB (5,357 words) - 01:13, 21 April 2023
- equivalent of ozone and one equivalent of hydrogen. A competing reaction is ... temperatures. At 77 K (-196°C), atomic hydrogen reacts with liquid ozone ...30 KB (4,607 words) - 06:05, 18 November 2022
- niobium chloride by heating it in a hydrogen atmosphere. ... to an Enantiopure Cyclic N-acyliminium Ion Derived from (S)-malic acid ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 04:59, 15 November 2022
- molecule generally contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, usually in ... conditions). The third is a simple hydrogen atom. The fourth is commonly ...24 KB (3,603 words) - 23:47, 11 January 2023
- believed that acids were substances which produce hydrogen ions in solution and that bases were substances which produce hydroxide ions in solution. ...15 KB (2,260 words) - 00:32, 27 February 2023
- ions or neutral atoms. For this reason the ion temperature may be very different ... escape the electrical attraction of its parent ion. The key point about ...35 KB (5,311 words) - 07:58, 24 November 2022
- positively charged), together forming a hydrogen atom, is about 40 orders ... * Ion * Ionic bond * Michael Faraday == Notes == ==References== ...18 KB (2,558 words) - 16:05, 13 February 2024
- as Barthmuss points out, GM is bullish on hydrogen: According to GM ... GM has prided its research and prototype development of hydrogen powered ...40 KB (5,886 words) - 06:44, 18 April 2024
- The ability of ricin to enter the cytosol depends on hydrogen bonding ... Bond cleavage results in an oxycarbonium ion on the ribose, stabilized ...25 KB (3,716 words) - 18:51, 11 August 2022
- About 74 percent of the Sun's mass is hydrogen, 25 percent is ... and neutral metals, as well as very weak hydrogen lines. The "V" ...52 KB (7,953 words) - 22:23, 26 February 2023
- is deficient in volatiles (principally hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen) but ... impulse magnetoplasma rocket (VASIMR), ion drives, solar thermal rockets ...37 KB (5,482 words) - 22:47, 5 February 2023
- car models (for navigation purposes), and Hydrogen microsensors. ... are then heated by means of an external hydrogen burner, bringing the temperature ...31 KB (4,772 words) - 00:56, 18 November 2022
- found apparent stimulated emission in hydrogen spectra and made the first ... of a CO2 laser is over 10 percent. Argon-ion lasers emit 458 nm, 488 nm ...41 KB (6,333 words) - 06:55, 4 March 2023
