Search results for "Philosophy of logic" - New World Encyclopedia
From New World Encyclopedia
- Formal logic is logic that deals with the form or logical structure ... *Quine, Willard Van Orman. Philosophy of Logic. Englewood Cliffs, ...7 KB (926 words) - 06:33, 1 April 2024
- that attempts to reduce diverse forms of knowledge including concepts ... psychologism on the ground that principles of logic are universally true ...7 KB (1,004 words) - 23:31, 2 December 2022
- Mathematical logic is best understood as a branch of logic or mathematics ... One unifying theme in mathematical logic is the study of the expressive ...11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:50, 7 November 2022
- Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens are forms of valid inferences. By Modus ... affirms; often abbreviated as MP) is a form of valid inference. An instance ...6 KB (1,057 words) - 19:28, 9 November 2022
- In logic and mathematics, together with the allied branches of computer ... *Quine, W.V.O. Philosophy of Logic: 2nd Edition. Harvard University ...5 KB (794 words) - 06:34, 1 April 2024
- and distinguish between two different kinds of meanings or extensions of a ... ==The meaning of denotation and connotation== *In media-studies terminology ...7 KB (986 words) - 09:46, 29 January 2024
- about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic, Stephen Read writes ... about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic. Oxford: Oxford University ...13 KB (1,904 words) - 00:23, 2 December 2022
- yield a falsehood. By extension, outside of logic, contradictions are also ... Pointing to this principle in applied logic, Aristotle’s law of ...10 KB (1,641 words) - 02:48, 8 January 2024
- an important twentieth-century philosopher of science. Born in Prague, he ... The Structure of Science (1961), an examination of the logical structure ...9 KB (1,352 words) - 19:32, 13 February 2024
- A modal logic was originally designed to describe the logical relations ... The languages of modal logics usually extend preexisting logics, e ...14 KB (2,164 words) - 19:24, 9 November 2022
- correctly categorical syllogism, is a kind of logical argument in which one ... A syllogism consists of three parts—a major premise, a minor premise ...9 KB (1,397 words) - 01:55, 27 February 2023
- "occasionalism," an interpretation of Cartesian mind-body dualism ... Geulincx served as professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium ...8 KB (1,216 words) - 03:53, 15 August 2023
- A Tautology is a statement that is always true because of its structure—it ... In mathematics, ‘A = A’ is a tautology. In formal two-valued logic ...9 KB (1,481 words) - 16:04, 23 June 2023
- Metalogic is a study of formal languages of logic from both syntactic ... ==Formal Languages of Logic== Formal languages are artificial languages ...14 KB (2,296 words) - 16:20, 9 November 2022
- concept in Aristotelian or traditional logic (also sometimes called syllogistic ... Logic is the study of correct, or valid inferences. Aristotle’s ...12 KB (1,791 words) - 18:00, 30 November 2023
- Bridge of Asses or Pons Asinorum (Latin for "Bridge of Asses ... The term “Bridge of Asses” first came into use during the Middle ...8 KB (1,319 words) - 23:03, 20 November 2023
- An argument is an attempt to demonstrate the truth of an assertion ... The conclusion of this argument is “the next flip will probably ...9 KB (1,514 words) - 06:26, 12 August 2023
- to the impossible," is a form of argument where one provisionally ... The so-called 'early' dialogues of the Greek philosopher Plato ...7 KB (1,079 words) - 02:58, 8 December 2022
- In philosophy the notion of categories derives from Aristotle’s (384-322 B.C.E.) logic and ontology. In logic the categories are understood ...7 KB (987 words) - 18:01, 30 November 2023
- In philosophy and logic, the liar paradox encompasses paradoxical ... his words to be understood as a kind of liar paradox. They were probably ...11 KB (1,725 words) - 22:25, 25 October 2022
- Fuzzy logic, when construed in a wider sense, is the theory of fuzzy ... When construed in a narrower sense, fuzzy logic is an extension of ...15 KB (2,285 words) - 07:24, 15 April 2024
- and economist. Best known as the father of the influential economist John ... Religious Test Acts from the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. After ...9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:01, 3 August 2022
- a specified statement follows from a set of assumed statements. The specified ... the conclusion is a necessary consequence of the set of premises, i.e. the ...9 KB (1,489 words) - 23:56, 1 December 2022
- Abduction, or inference to the best explanation, is a method of reasoning ... Peirce formulated abduction as a method of scientific research and introduced ...14 KB (2,177 words) - 04:43, 14 June 2023
- In traditional Aristotelian logic, deduction or deductive reasoning ... they are false deductions. Examples of such false or invalid deductive ...16 KB (2,607 words) - 09:05, 28 January 2024
- The Verifiability theory of meaning was put forth in the early twentieth ... Adherents of the verifiability principle claimed that all statements ...8 KB (1,167 words) - 18:01, 3 May 2023
- proportions, principle, standard, or logic, among other things. In religious ... such as Dao (Tao), the Vedic notion of rta, and the Hindu and Buddhist ...11 KB (1,664 words) - 21:00, 3 November 2022
- : Another John Venn was Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University 1686–1687. ... fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science. ...11 KB (1,662 words) - 08:01, 3 August 2022
- philosopher. See also Chrysippus (mythology) of Greek mythology Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280 B.C.E. - c. 207 B.C.E.) is considered to ...9 KB (1,399 words) - 21:54, 10 December 2023
- Principle in philosophy and mathematics means a fundamental law or ... others, while laws and rules can. Greek philosophy began as the quest for ...9 KB (1,192 words) - 22:57, 30 November 2022
- and also neo-positivism) is a philosophy that combines positivism ... statements (everyone agreed on the existence of analytic a priori and synthetic ...13 KB (1,922 words) - 21:00, 3 November 2022
- symptomatic, from sema, sign) is a theory of the aspects of meanings of ... There are various kinds of studies in semantics in various fields ...13 KB (1,868 words) - 17:49, 25 January 2023
- ) was a polymath and a Christian philosopher of the sixth century who was instrumental ... Rome around 480 C.E. to the patrician family of Anicii, who had been Christians ...11 KB (1,637 words) - 06:07, 28 July 2023
- Reason, in philosophy, is the ability to form and operate upon concepts ... other related concepts such as: language, logic, consciousness, knowledge ...15 KB (2,212 words) - 01:41, 8 December 2022
- Neo-Hegelianism refers to several schools of thought associated with ... name is also applied to other philosophers of that period who took their ...8 KB (1,042 words) - 16:16, 11 November 2022
- is the proposal about the notion of computability, called the Church ... Other relevant contributions by Church are the proofs of the undecidablility ...10 KB (1,376 words) - 08:20, 23 July 2023
- Inference is the act or process of deriving a conclusion based on ... is traditionally studied within the field of cognitive psychology. ...20 KB (3,113 words) - 22:38, 5 February 2023
- Part of the foundation of mathematics, Russell's paradox (also ... Consider the set R of all sets that do not contain themselves as members ...14 KB (2,342 words) - 18:15, 22 December 2022
- In linguistics, logic, and mathematics etc., quantification is the ... The notion of quantification in the context of linguistics, logic ...14 KB (2,119 words) - 04:04, 7 December 2022
- He helped found both modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. ... Frege began his studies at the University of Jena in 1869, moving to Göttingen ...16 KB (2,250 words) - 20:22, 11 September 2021
- who was a leading influence in analytic philosophy in the middle of the twentieth ... where he developed an interest in the philosophy of mathematics. Russell ...9 KB (1,265 words) - 00:54, 9 November 2022
- and educationalist who advanced the study of psychology with his work on ... For 20 years Bain was professor of logic and English literature at ...14 KB (2,073 words) - 05:12, 17 June 2023
- The Megarian School of philosophy was founded c. 400 B.C.E. by Euclides ... Two disciples of Euclides— Eubulides and Alexinus—developed the ...10 KB (1,527 words) - 04:09, 9 November 2022
- An analytic proposition is one whose truth depends on relations of ... At the beginning of his Critique of Pure Reason, following the distinction ...9 KB (1,371 words) - 18:57, 26 July 2023
- anthropologist. He is famous for his study of primitive mentality and his ... suggested that human beings use two kind of thinking: “mystical thinking” ...11 KB (1,515 words) - 02:25, 5 November 2022
- In logic, two sentences (either in a formal language or a natural ... Mathematical logic is a mathematical representation of formal rules ...27 KB (3,934 words) - 20:59, 3 November 2022
- order, or arrangement.") is the study of the rules, or "patterned ... The combinatory behavior of words is governed to a first approximation ...11 KB (1,479 words) - 01:58, 27 February 2023
- to moral philosophy and the philosophy of logic were probably more ... to moral philosophy and the philosophy of logic were far more influential ...14 KB (2,066 words) - 00:02, 25 March 2024
- an English philosopher, and a leading member of the group of twentieth century ... Finchley, North London, by his parents, both of whom were teachers. He was ...11 KB (1,580 words) - 01:34, 24 November 2022
- William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings) ... While the use of Ockham's Razor in the later development of philosophy ...11 KB (1,517 words) - 15:21, 14 May 2023
- ) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, a student of Plotinus and the editor of ... Most of the known details of the personal life of Porphyry are found ...10 KB (1,415 words) - 05:40, 30 November 2022
- Venn diagrams are schematic diagrams used in logic and in the branch ... The British philosopher, mathematician, and professor of logic, John ...10 KB (1,551 words) - 17:01, 3 May 2023
- that represents the logical structure of truth-functional connectives ... The truth-values, truth or falsity, of the sentences in this argument ...21 KB (3,138 words) - 00:23, 2 December 2022
- Diodorus Cronus (fourth century, B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher of ... will be true.” He also raised the paradox of future contingency with his ...17 KB (2,681 words) - 15:24, 29 January 2024
- In logic, a theorem is formally meant to be a formula that can be ... In general, the proofs of theorems have two components: a set of premises ...16 KB (2,524 words) - 18:26, 30 April 2023
- and logician. His logical analysis of mathematical problems made ... family in Prague, which was then part of the Austrian Empire. His father ...15 KB (2,299 words) - 11:18, 28 September 2023
- theological writer, and Anglican archbishop of Dublin (1831–1863). Whately’s ... to hold public office, and state endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy. ...13 KB (2,059 words) - 01:50, 14 December 2022
- Nyaya (Sanskrit meaning "rational argument") is one of the six orthodox (astika) schools of Hindu philosophy that focuses on logic ...14 KB (2,126 words) - 01:23, 17 November 2022
- Parmenides of Elea (c. 515 – 450 b.c.e.) was a Greek pre-Socratic ... Earlier pre-Socratic philosophers identified the ultimate principle ...11 KB (1,608 words) - 08:52, 18 November 2022
- modernizing Italy by introducing the ideas of Locke, Leibniz, and Hume and ... In 1753 Genovesi was appointed to the first European chair of “commerce ...9 KB (1,233 words) - 05:40, 11 August 2023
- by many philosophers and observers of philosophy to have been one ... is that there exists an infinite number of concrete and causally isolated ...14 KB (2,162 words) - 19:54, 23 August 2020
- A fallacy is an error in an argument. There are two main kinds of ... Refutations, there have been many systems of classifying fallacies. In this ...14 KB (2,254 words) - 00:35, 25 March 2024
- Galen (Greek: Γαληνός, Latin: Claudius Galenus of Pergamum; ... Galen's experimental methods foreshadowed later developments ...12 KB (1,806 words) - 03:50, 18 April 2024
- Logic, from Classical Greek λόγος (logos), originally meaning ... Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of philosophy. Since the ...31 KB (4,895 words) - 20:58, 3 November 2022
- known for being an outspoken critic of the Aristotelian philosophy ... made to memorize meaningless facts and rules of logic, and set out to reform ...18 KB (2,695 words) - 02:53, 24 November 2022
- [which] belongs to the school) was a method of learning taught by the academics ... It combined religious doctrine, study of the ideas of the Church fathers ...14 KB (1,990 words) - 17:20, 25 January 2023
- Greek philospher and a favorite student of Aristotle, who appointed him ... Theophrastus was wrote a great number of books on a wide variety of ...10 KB (1,514 words) - 18:21, 30 April 2023
- The term “monad” was used by the Pythagoreans as the name of the ... The term "monad," however, is best known as a concept of ...11 KB (1,598 words) - 19:53, 9 November 2022
- The principle of sufficient reason is the principle which is presupposed ... The principle has a variety of expressions, all of which are perhaps ...13 KB (1,981 words) - 21:33, 26 February 2023
- Positivism is a family of philosophical views characterized by a highly ... As Niccola Abbagnano has put it: The characteristic theses of positivism ...11 KB (1,561 words) - 05:45, 30 November 2022
- In philosophy, essence is the attribute (or set of attributes) that ... makes the thing be what it is. The essence of a thing or substance is able ...7 KB (1,146 words) - 21:31, 20 March 2024
- Nicholas or Nicolaus of Autrecourt (in French: Nicholas d'Autrécourt ... false teachings on the allegation that 66 of his propositions, culled from ...10 KB (1,617 words) - 23:32, 14 November 2022
- :Note: Zeno of Citium should not be confused with Zeno of Elea. ... Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) (sometime called Zeno Apathea) (333 – ...9 KB (1,466 words) - 05:48, 13 June 2023
- term designated a profession in or a group of teachers of rhetoric. Rhetoricians ... Socrates and Plato challenged sophist ideas of replacing rhetorical ...11 KB (1,583 words) - 01:17, 4 February 2023
- Ontology is a major branch of philosophy and a central part of metaphysics ... The conceptual division of this branch of philosophy was established ...15 KB (2,218 words) - 00:43, 18 November 2022
- was important for reintroducing the study of Chinese philosophy, regarded ... Born in 1895, Feng lived through a period of turmoil and transition ...13 KB (1,980 words) - 17:18, 26 March 2024
- and conversations, over an important circle of academics in Cambridge, Massachusetts ... After reading Darwin's Origin of Species (published in 1859) ...12 KB (1,761 words) - 00:45, 5 December 2023
- this sense can be known before one knows any of these other propostions. Not ... In logic and mathematics, an axiom is not necessarily a self-evident ...16 KB (2,424 words) - 07:20, 23 August 2023
- In mathematics and set theory, an axiomatic system is any set of specified ... A system will be called independent if each of its underlying axioms is independent ...10 KB (1,582 words) - 07:21, 23 August 2023
- and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy ... Bosanquet’s major works include A History of Aesthetic (1892), The ...16 KB (2,361 words) - 11:19, 28 September 2023
- 1945) was a prominent Japanese philosopher of the Meiji era. Nishida Kitaro ... Nishida Kitaro was born on June 17, 1870, in the Mori section of Unoke ...15 KB (2,299 words) - 05:02, 15 November 2022
- a philosopher and a founding representative of the Oxford-based British ordinary ... with extra interests in astronomy and philosophy who as a young man "had ...18 KB (2,734 words) - 07:53, 14 December 2022
- First Cause is term introduced by Aristotle and used in philosophy ... the "Prime Mover" that is a deity of "pure form" without ...8 KB (1,282 words) - 19:54, 26 March 2024
- has major implications for the foundations of mathematics. His best know ... then studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy at the Universities of ...13 KB (2,116 words) - 21:23, 20 March 2024
- entity that transcends the vicissitudes of time and so can be applied ... ==Problem of Universals== Throughout the history of philosophy, and ...9 KB (1,457 words) - 12:01, 3 May 2023
- is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements ... Synthesis as a resolution of conflicts is often achieved by conscious ...11 KB (1,635 words) - 01:58, 27 February 2023
- Lifeworld (German: Lebenswelt) is a concept used in philosophy and ... is, the correlation between the functions of mind ("noesis") such ...11 KB (1,588 words) - 22:49, 25 October 2022
- He was the leading Aristotelian scholar of the Alexandrist group. His ... Pomponazzi also radically criticized what are generally thought of ...11 KB (1,608 words) - 05:29, 24 November 2022
- Pierre Nicole (1625 - November 16, 1695) was one of the most distinguished ... who based their ideas on the teachings of Augustine of Hippo, he believed ...10 KB (1,535 words) - 05:25, 24 November 2022
- involves uncertainty, distrust, or lack of sureness of an alleged fact ... Human beings generally live with beliefs in various degrees of certainty ...15 KB (2,113 words) - 17:30, 30 January 2024
- the Western world by the Latinized version of his name, Alkindus) was known ... consistently tried to demonstrate that philosophy is compatible with orthodox ...12 KB (1,748 words) - 04:13, 17 June 2023
- is a yes-or-no question on specified sets of inputs. For example, the problem ... A decision procedure (or decision algorithm) of a given decision problem ...10 KB (1,556 words) - 09:02, 28 January 2024
- and a leading philosopher and psychologist of the French Enlightenment. He ... 30, 1715, at Grenoble, France to a family of lawyers. Like his elder brother ...14 KB (2,137 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- ) of Chalcedon (396 – 314 B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher and third ... In his biography of Xenocrates, Diogenes Laertius recounts several ...12 KB (1,827 words) - 14:16, 20 May 2023
- before being appointed as Wykeham professor of logic at New College, Oxford ... His earliest book, Perception (1932), rejected causal theories of ...10 KB (1,458 words) - 17:46, 29 July 2023
- he acquired a reputation in his day as one of the greatest philosophical ... Though he was first known for his critique of it, Arnauld was an adamant ...12 KB (1,896 words) - 06:41, 31 July 2023
- Jewish works refer to him by the acronym of his title and name, RaMBaM ... Maimonides is typically regarded as the greatest of the medieval Jewish ...14 KB (2,001 words) - 05:30, 5 November 2022
- , based on a strict deconstruction of the term, refers to what people ... took common sense as the source and ground of justification for philosophical ...13 KB (2,021 words) - 04:14, 24 November 2022
- 8, 1746) was an Irish philosopher and one of the founding fathers of the ... Hutcheson is thought to have been born at Drumalig, in the parish ...14 KB (2,173 words) - 04:50, 9 April 2024
- Analytic philosophy has been the dominant academic philosophical movement ... The main founders of analytic philosophy were the Cambridge philosophers ...27 KB (4,040 words) - 18:56, 26 July 2023
- Roger Bacon (c. 1214 – 1294), was one of the most famous Franciscan ... by Bisley in Gloucestershire. His date of birth is equally uncertain ...10 KB (1,503 words) - 02:30, 16 December 2022
- and Neoplatonic philosopher, was a teacher of rhetoric in Rome until the ... Although he wrote on a variety of subjects, Victorinus is little-studied ...7 KB (1,028 words) - 03:46, 18 April 2024
- is an apparently true statement or group of statements that leads to a ... cannot all be true together. The recognition of ambiguities, equivocations ...14 KB (2,272 words) - 07:43, 18 November 2022
- A concept is a constituent of thought or generalized idea, that designates ... and expressing them with language. Theories of concepts are thus closely tied ...20 KB (3,052 words) - 02:41, 8 January 2024
- who lived and taught in the Greek city of Nicopolis almost four hundred ... us with a detailed and complete explanation of Stoic ethics, which is not ...11 KB (1,793 words) - 19:06, 13 February 2024
- The Cyrenaics were one of the two earliest Socratic schools of philosophy ... Several of Aristippus’ followers modified this doctrine by distinguishing ...9 KB (1,293 words) - 06:55, 12 January 2024
- as the “First Teacher”) because of his extensive commentaries ... ideal society based on a Neoplatonic concept of the Divine, in which the responsibility ...18 KB (2,709 words) - 07:20, 16 June 2023
- [[Image:Zeno.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Zeno of Citium]] Stoicism, one of the three major schools of Hellenistic philosphy ...21 KB (3,500 words) - 00:46, 26 February 2023
- was a German philosopher. He was a follower of Leibniz and Christian Wolff ... to the Pietist movement and had become one of its central institutions. His ...8 KB (1,198 words) - 09:10, 18 July 2023
- A definition is a statement of the meaning of a term, word or phrase ... Definitions have various kinds of features and can be distinguished ...17 KB (2,616 words) - 09:12, 28 January 2024
- and psychologist. He contributed to a number of different areas in philosophy ... A number of his ideas such as the concept of intentionality, which ...12 KB (1,636 words) - 05:17, 9 April 2024
- critic and university administrator, was one of the antirationalist Oxford ... Inspired by a careful study of Spinoza, Hampshire developed a detailed ...12 KB (1,807 words) - 21:06, 26 February 2023
- ; "orthodox") are technical terms used in Indian philosophy ... There are six orthodox schools (i.e. Veda accepting) of Hindu philosophy: ...8 KB (1,157 words) - 01:27, 11 November 2022
- after Weininger's suicide at the age of 23. Today, the book is often ... however, it continues to be held up as a great work of lasting genius ...11 KB (1,680 words) - 10:52, 11 March 2023
- The term natural philosophy, or the philosophy of nature (Latin, philosophia ... and G.W.F. Hegel, and championed the concept of an organic and dynamic physical ...13 KB (1,838 words) - 22:42, 28 March 2023
- Notions?" in History and Philosophy of Logic 7: 143-154. ... and David Hitchcock. History and Philosophy of Logic 23: 155-196. ...27 KB (4,019 words) - 20:34, 20 July 2023
- new scientific principles and Aristotelian logic of the twelfth century to ... Neckam wrote religious works on a variety of subjects, most of which ...12 KB (1,817 words) - 14:26, 18 July 2023
- wrote in, many areas: Epistemology, history of philosophy, moral philosophy ... Broad was born at Harlesden, a suburb of London, as the only child ...14 KB (2,184 words) - 19:14, 24 November 2023
- In the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, noumenon, thing in itself (German ... It is immediately apparent that Kant’s notion of the noumenon is ...9 KB (1,461 words) - 22:14, 16 November 2022
- 1911 – February 8, 1960) was a philosopher of language and the main figure ... accolades for his work in and leadership of intelligence services and his ...17 KB (2,638 words) - 06:11, 3 August 2022
- known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar ... at the Studium Generalein (Dominican House of Studies) in Cologne. A year ...14 KB (2,170 words) - 05:03, 17 June 2023
- States thereafter. He was a leading member of the Vienna Circle and probably ... I see him as the dominant figure in philosophy from the 1930s onward, ...27 KB (4,028 words) - 21:04, 21 December 2022
- was born in Liverpool. Jevons was one of three men to simultaneously ... his remarkable insights and understanding of a wide ranges of issues. Although ...23 KB (3,455 words) - 10:52, 12 May 2023
- developed by Edmund Husserl, to the field of ethics and established phenomenological ... his doctoral thesis, titled An Evaluation of the Possibility of Constructing ...14 KB (2,180 words) - 00:58, 9 November 2022
- German philosopher who made his mark on philosophy by coining the term nihilism ... Jacobi was born at Düsseldorf, the second son of a wealthy sugar ...10 KB (1,513 words) - 11:04, 11 April 2024
- Vyasaraja or Vyasaraayaru, is considered one of the three founders of Dvaita ... 1486-1498 C.E., before moving, at the behest of the king and ministers, to ...11 KB (1,714 words) - 21:53, 3 May 2023
- philosopher and commentator. A professor of philosophy at the University ... In 1518, at the request of Leo X, Nifo wrote a refutation of Pomponazzi ...8 KB (1,200 words) - 06:47, 16 June 2023
- observation statements, and judgments of perception have also been used ... A number of questions arose about such alleged protocol sentences: ...18 KB (2,743 words) - 08:18, 2 December 2022
- Ancient philosophy is philosophy in antiquity, or before the end of ... In the Western tradition, ancient philosophy was developed primarily ...16 KB (2,127 words) - 19:43, 26 July 2023
- Cartesianism is the school of philosophy based on the fundamental ... Though, contrary to Descartes' hopes, his philosophy was poorly ...11 KB (1,731 words) - 00:41, 29 November 2023
- him to have access to a greater scope of philosophies and theologies ... 'Scottus' has the authority of the early manuscripts until ...10 KB (1,486 words) - 15:09, 1 August 2022
- and logician during the second half of the nineteenth century. He ... Lotze combined the monads of Gottfried Leibniz's spheres of individual ...24 KB (3,658 words) - 16:57, 22 December 2022
- Abhinavagupta (fl. c. 975 - 1025) was one of India's great literary ... had attained enlightenment, is one of the great accomplishments in ...14 KB (2,124 words) - 04:48, 14 June 2023
- and was the first appointed professor of sociology in a British university ... England, into the prominent Anglican family of Rev. Reginald Hobhouse and ...12 KB (1,737 words) - 20:13, 25 October 2022
- Philosophy of mathematics is the branch of philosophy that studies ... :* What are the sources of mathematical subject matter? ...31 KB (4,571 words) - 04:15, 24 November 2022
- is known as the "father" of phenomenology, a major philosophical ... *Early Writings in the Philosophy of Logic and Mathematics, trans ...17 KB (2,508 words) - 18:15, 12 February 2024
- The term Indian philosophy may refer to any of several traditions ... All the schools of Indian philosophy are characterized by some common ...22 KB (3,133 words) - 22:02, 4 February 2023
- philosopher, and scientist. He was one of the major Islamic philosophers ... Avicenna is also well known for his medical work, The Canon of Medicine ...23 KB (3,644 words) - 07:16, 23 August 2023
- founded the Madhyamaka (Middle Way) school of Mahāyāna (Great Vehicle) ... major influence not only on the development of Mahayana Buddhist thought, ...14 KB (2,110 words) - 23:10, 10 November 2022
- A fact is an actual state of the world. For example, it is a fact ... A great deal of twentieth century moral theory sustained a sharp divide ...14 KB (2,156 words) - 12:33, 21 January 2023
- Arab philosopher and physician, a master of philosophy and Islamic law ... textbook throughout Europe until the advent of investigative science. He also ...19 KB (2,761 words) - 07:15, 23 August 2023
- by René Descartes, and it is a translation of Descartes' original French ... quot; as the primary characteristic of valid knowledge. He conducted ...12 KB (1,920 words) - 22:26, 7 January 2024
- 21, 1788), also known by the epithet Magus of the North, was a philosopher ... a religious conversion. His distrust of reason and the Enlightenment ...13 KB (1,935 words) - 14:40, 1 August 2022
- an important role in developing the use of statistical data as a tool ... Believing that ideology, the science of the origin and development ...12 KB (1,830 words) - 04:19, 9 November 2022
- The 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper III) (1671 – ... paradoxical place in early modern philosophy. On one hand, he studied ...11 KB (1,695 words) - 05:22, 31 July 2023
- Samkhya, also Sankhya, (Sanskrit for "Enumeration") is one ... Since its philosophy regards the universe as consisting of two eternal ...12 KB (1,797 words) - 02:13, 23 December 2022
- Princeton, New Jersey) was a philosopher of science and a major figure ... Hempel was a major theorist of logical positivism, but, at later stage ...24 KB (3,610 words) - 19:18, 26 November 2023
- Knauth, was an American philosopher of art, a writer, and an educator ... but her doctrine has become an integral part of the "collective unconsciousness” ...17 KB (2,624 words) - 00:28, 27 February 2023
- region = Western Philosophy | era = 20th-century philosophy | color = #B0C4DE | image_name = | ...30 KB (4,587 words) - 06:50, 13 June 2023
- objective idealist philosopher. He was one of the most influential philosophers ... stroke. His own ideas on logic, philosophy of logic, and philosophy of ...24 KB (3,666 words) - 19:58, 7 September 2022
- *Philosophy of Logic. A concise and witty undergraduate treatment ... *1986 (1970). The Philosophy of Logic. Harvard Univ. Press. ...34 KB (5,037 words) - 15:37, 6 May 2023
- He wrote on numerous topics, including philosophy of history and aesthetics ... Croce offered his “philosophy of spirit” as a humanistic alternative ...15 KB (2,246 words) - 09:08, 27 September 2023
- Posidonius (or Poseidonus; Greek: Ποσειδώνιος) "of ... to admit that passions were an inherent part of human nature, rather than errors ...16 KB (2,426 words) - 05:44, 30 November 2022
- logician and Franciscan friar William of Ockham. Originally a tent ... The origins of what has come to be known as Ockham's razor are ...19 KB (2,872 words) - 23:50, 17 November 2022
- who founded the field known as the history of ideas. As a professor of philosophy ... that material objects exist independently of human perception of them, and ...10 KB (1,444 words) - 17:35, 16 August 2023
- oeuvre spans almost every scholarly subject of his time, each displayed and ... While the popularity of his philosophy was short-lived (though this ...17 KB (2,487 words) - 21:08, 10 December 2023
- and theologian who is considered one of the most important philosophers ... Pennsylvania, in 1897, as the son of a minister, Francis Cope Hartshorne ...20 KB (2,983 words) - 19:09, 4 December 2023
- is a theory that asserts that the nature of complex things is reduced to ... positivists attempted to achieve the unity of science ("unified science ...13 KB (1,960 words) - 02:59, 8 December 2022
- John Dewey (October 20, 1859 – June 1, 1952) is regarded as one ... Throughout most of his 92 years, Dewey was an internationally renowned ...20 KB (2,964 words) - 02:26, 9 February 2023
- be-ism") is the Jain doctrine of epistemological relativism ... Syādvāda is not only an extension of Anekānta ontology, but a separate ...19 KB (2,999 words) - 00:56, 21 April 2023
- Naturalism designates any of several philosophical stances that make ... Naturalism implies that all knowledge of the universe can be arrived ...17 KB (2,419 words) - 15:22, 11 November 2022
- was an influential liberal thinker of the nineteenth century. John ... greatest happiness for the greatest number of people, and distinguished among ...27 KB (4,047 words) - 07:56, 3 August 2022
- African philosophy is a disputed term, used in different ways by different ... Surveys of the beliefs of hundreds of African peoples have shown that ...20 KB (3,143 words) - 06:07, 16 June 2023
- takes its defining inspiration from the work of Aristotle. Since Aristotle ... During the seventeenth century, modern philosophy began to develop ...18 KB (2,450 words) - 06:29, 12 August 2023
- Carneades (c. 214 - 129 B.C.E.) was one of the most prominent Academic ... Ancient writers referred to Carneades as the founder of the “third” ...11 KB (1,736 words) - 00:29, 29 November 2023
- Kant to the epistemological approach of his philosophy. Kant presents ... at a synthesis between existing forms of idealism (affirming the reality ...14 KB (2,167 words) - 00:54, 2 May 2023
- He served as the U.S. Commissioner of Education, during which time ... In 1859, he became a principal in one of the public schools in St ...12 KB (1,673 words) - 20:42, 13 May 2023
- synonymous with or an essential attribute of God, and it characterizes other ... elaborate on the absolute, but, the idea of an ultimate principle drove ...15 KB (2,179 words) - 06:35, 14 June 2023
- 23 Oct. 2006] He was a leading proponent of the Zahiri school of Islamic ... Ibn Hazm reportedly produced four hundred works of which only 40 have ...15 KB (2,253 words) - 13:25, 4 February 2023
- The Logicians or School of Names (名家; Míngjiā; "School ... Chinese thinkers of the period were preoccupied with the use of terminology ...20 KB (2,994 words) - 17:21, 25 January 2023
- dogmatic skepticism as it is to other forms of dogmatism. The ultimate purpose ... by him were in existence in the gymnasium of Elis. Later, inspired by the ...12 KB (1,848 words) - 03:54, 7 December 2022
- Euclid (also referred to as Euclid of Alexandria) (Greek: ... Egypt, almost certainly during the reign of Ptolemy I (323 B.C.E.–283 ...21 KB (2,999 words) - 04:41, 22 March 2024
- – January 24, 1965) was a Russian philosopher, representative of ... concerned with theology than with the task of working out a system of metaphysics ...12 KB (1,405 words) - 04:12, 15 November 2022
- those universals really exist in some sense of "exist," either independently ... realism. It is basically with the spirit of nominalism that empiricism ...19 KB (2,997 words) - 02:38, 16 November 2022
- The question of being (Greek, τό ὄν, the present participle of ... Philosophers often suppose a certain sense of being as primary, and ...32 KB (4,866 words) - 10:28, 26 September 2023
- educator, and prolific writer, and one of the leading exponents of neo ... Cassirer played a mediating role between the two major traditions ...13 KB (1,820 words) - 19:34, 13 February 2024
- his philosophical methodology and theory of knowledge in sharp contrast ... Born to a bookseller and the daughter of a carriage maker, Vico attended ...17 KB (2,637 words) - 20:24, 14 December 2023
- physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy. He was a Fellow of the ... made significant contributions in the area of physical chemistry. Based on ...17 KB (2,500 words) - 10:38, 10 March 2023
- occasions. This is the infinite form of the verb "alama" ... God's omniscience is related to the issue of predestination, ...13 KB (2,067 words) - 00:37, 18 November 2022
- to complete); Aramaic (to study) is the part of the Talmud that contains rabbinical ... There are two recensions of the Gemara, one compiled by the scholars ...8 KB (1,227 words) - 06:37, 18 April 2024
- Continental philosophy, as the phrase is used today, refers to a set ... The term continental philosophy originated among English-speaking ...19 KB (2,642 words) - 02:47, 8 January 2024
- English moral philosopher who held the post of White's Professor of Moral ... Some of Hare's students, such as Brian McGuinness and Bernard ...14 KB (2,112 words) - 16:05, 7 December 2022
- philosopher, is widely considered the father of Neoplatonism. Plotinus' ... Much of our biographical information about Plotinus comes from Porphyry ...12 KB (1,813 words) - 08:05, 24 November 2022
- Thomism is the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of ... , Pope Pius X cautioned that the teachings of the Catholic Church cannot ...28 KB (4,356 words) - 22:59, 30 April 2023
- the Mathematical Seminar at the University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5. Meeting ... The Vienna Circle (in German: der Wiener Kreis) was a group of philosophers ...34 KB (4,936 words) - 20:14, 3 May 2023
- B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato, and teacher of Alexander ... Aristotle's philosophy made a dramatic impact on both Western ...37 KB (5,500 words) - 06:30, 12 August 2023
- philosopher, theologian and historian of science. His surname is pronounced ... Whewell’s philosophy of science included the claim that through ...22 KB (3,347 words) - 20:45, 13 May 2023
- mutual incompatibility, real or apparent, of two laws. It is a term often ... The term antinomy is found in the works of Plutarch (46 – 127), ...15 KB (2,342 words) - 06:35, 31 July 2023
- Herakleitos) (c. 535 – 475 B.C.E.) is one of the most important pre-Socratic ... His words resemble those of a prophet, rather than those of a philosopher ...11 KB (1,556 words) - 09:50, 22 January 2024
- German philosopher, the main representative of nineteenth century German Idealism ... system practically unrivaled in the scope of its ambition. Hegel’s highly ...43 KB (6,642 words) - 07:00, 18 April 2024
- Edmund Husserl's formulation, the study of experience and the ways in ... This emphasis on the intentional structure of experience makes phenomenology ...26 KB (3,647 words) - 02:57, 24 November 2022
- also published a book on Plato's theory of ideas (or forms) that understands ... Ross also wrote books on Kant's ethics, each of Aristotle's ...12 KB (1,864 words) - 15:58, 7 May 2023
- in the early twentieth-century philosophies of William James and John Dewey ... Upon the rise of analytic philosophy after World War II, the classical ...38 KB (5,567 words) - 22:10, 30 November 2022
- early nineteenth centuries. It developed out of the work of Immanuel Kant in ... sensible contents derived from the object of cognition and the a priori ...23 KB (3,260 words) - 07:38, 24 January 2023
- Knowledge is evaluated and organized information with implications ... Knowledge can be studied from a variety of disciplinary perspectives ...16 KB (2,254 words) - 16:10, 15 October 2020
- The naturalistic fallacy is an alleged fallacy of moral reasoning ... been revised over the years in a sub-field of ethics known as “metaethics ...14 KB (2,113 words) - 04:22, 11 March 2023
- together with Confucius, is considered one of the two great moral teachers ... Mozi founded the school of Mohism and argued strongly against Confucianism ...15 KB (2,461 words) - 17:52, 10 November 2022
- , a Sanskrit word meaning "revered thought," is the name ... the "earlier" (pūrva) portions of the Vedas, the Samhitas and ...18 KB (2,750 words) - 18:03, 9 November 2022
- Neo-Kantianism designates the revived or modified types of Kantian ... The return to Kant of Neo-Kantianism in the second part of the nineteenth ...24 KB (3,466 words) - 16:16, 11 November 2022
- In epistemology and the philosophy of perception, phenomenalism is ... defined objects as logical constructs out of sense-data or ideas. ...13 KB (2,023 words) - 02:56, 24 November 2022
- Apart from professional work in the field of logic, Zinovyev was renowned ... Once a dissident and an extreme critic of Communism (and successive ...15 KB (2,070 words) - 15:29, 18 July 2023
- according to an established standard of evaluation. There is a range ... established only within certain frameworks of thought and value perspectives ...23 KB (3,451 words) - 00:26, 25 March 2024
- The Dialectic (Greek: διαλεκτική) is a line of thought, ... is whether it over-emphasizes the role of conflict in development. In ...34 KB (5,249 words) - 10:22, 29 January 2024
- offering two solutions or possibilities, of which neither is acceptable ... In formal logic, the definition of a dilemma differs markedly from ...24 KB (3,799 words) - 15:21, 29 January 2024
- in significant ways from the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre as well as ... University to study law. This was a period of revolutionary fervor among ...13 KB (2,041 words) - 04:06, 15 November 2022
- physics theory with a similar name, see Theory of Relativity evaluate beliefs and behaviors only in terms of, for example, their historical ...25 KB (3,816 words) - 03:07, 8 December 2022
- ) (c. 446 B.C.E. – c. 388 B.C.E.) was a Greek dramatist of the Old ... The place and exact date of his birth are unknown, but he was around ...16 KB (2,554 words) - 06:29, 12 August 2023
- July 2, 1778), is a concept in political philosophy referring to the desire ... General will is what a fully-informed body politic (community of citizens ...14 KB (2,206 words) - 06:45, 18 April 2024
- French physicist, philosopher and historian of science. His most influential ... At the young age of eleven, Duhem entered the Collège Stanislas. ...15 KB (2,236 words) - 05:22, 24 November 2022
- political theorist, statesman, and leader of the Meiji Enlightenment in ... During his youth, Kato was a liberal advocate of constitutional government ...10 KB (1,423 words) - 17:14, 5 October 2022
- In philosophy, metaethics—sometimes known as analytic ethics—is ... Metaethics is one of the three branches of ethics generally recognized ...14 KB (2,091 words) - 16:19, 9 November 2022
- Adelard of Bath (Latin: Adelardus Bathensis) (1116? - 1142?) was a ... Adelard was a pioneer of the scientific renaissance of the twelfth ...13 KB (1,951 words) - 05:50, 15 June 2023
- Being and existence in philosophy are related and somewhat overlapping ... but reversed the Medieval priority of essence over existence. The ...25 KB (3,698 words) - 10:29, 26 September 2023
- physician and philosopher, the earliest of the materialist writers of ... L'Art de jouir, in which the purpose of life was found in the pleasures ...12 KB (1,863 words) - 21:12, 4 October 2022
- Unification Thought is the philosophy of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon ... First, it expresses a passion for the ideal of unity and harmony. Analysis ...20 KB (3,078 words) - 01:38, 3 May 2023
- 1651 book Leviathan set the agenda for much of subsequent Western political ... Hobbes also contributed to a diverse array of fields, including history ...29 KB (4,445 words) - 21:18, 30 April 2023
- if both can be measured in the same unit of measurement. For example, a ... In the philosophy of science, two theories are said to be incommensurable ...17 KB (2,394 words) - 00:08, 8 January 2024
- Abstraction is the process of generalization by reducing the information ... Abstraction in philosophy is the process of forming a concept by identifying ...15 KB (2,253 words) - 06:45, 14 June 2023
- in Schlettstadt, which produced a number of prominent scholars, and at ... Strongly influenced by his teacher at the University of Paris, Jacobus ...12 KB (1,792 words) - 10:18, 26 September 2023
- Pietro d'Abano (1257 - 1315) (his date of birth is also given ... Abano Terme. After studying medicine and philosophy at the University of Paris ...12 KB (1,811 words) - 05:30, 24 November 2022
- and a professor at the London School of Economics. He is counted among ... Popper was born in Vienna (then part of Austria-Hungary) in 1902 to ...33 KB (4,906 words) - 07:20, 5 October 2022
- Game theory is a branch of applied mathematics comprising a family ... The 1994 Nobel Prize in Economics recognized the work of three men ...30 KB (4,403 words) - 04:08, 18 April 2024
- a German philosopher and the founding father of the Vienna Circle; he was also ... As the founder and leader of the Vienna Circle—arguably the most ...16 KB (2,366 words) - 21:22, 9 November 2022
- , Scottish philosopher, and a contemporary of David Hume, was a founder of ... 039;s father, Lewis Reid, came from a family of clergymen and government official ...15 KB (2,355 words) - 22:50, 30 April 2023
- tradition. In 1876 he became a professor of philosophy at Boston University ... Bowne identified the essence of a human being with the "person ...25 KB (3,916 words) - 19:41, 20 November 2023
- Until the mid-nineteenth century, Japanese philosophy was inextricably ... While Western philosophy is closely related to conceptual components ...28 KB (4,111 words) - 09:55, 1 April 2024
- Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science and engineering ... ==Schools of thought== AI divides roughly into two schools of thought: ...15 KB (2,061 words) - 17:40, 16 August 2023
- Isvara is an extrapolation of the Sanskrit verb root īś, meaning ... used in the Rg Veda to describe the powers of specific deities, indicating ...11 KB (1,693 words) - 06:19, 11 March 2024
- break in the relation occurs in a variety of forms, such as the estrangements ... Christian theologians have suggested that the three levels of alienation ...16 KB (2,390 words) - 18:22, 21 July 2023
- ethical judgments are primarily expressions of one's own attitude and ... Influenced by the growth of analytic philosophy and logical positivism ...34 KB (5,141 words) - 18:27, 13 February 2024
- Value is not equivalent to moral value. Works of art have value, but ... ==The meaning of value judgments== What are we doing when we ascribe ...15 KB (2,236 words) - 14:15, 3 May 2023
- who helped to shape the new thought of the late sixteenth century ... Pierre Charron was born in Paris, one of the twenty-five children ...13 KB (1,975 words) - 05:20, 24 November 2022
- Georg Simmel (March 1, 1858 – September 28, 1918) was one of the ... social groupings were no more than the sum of their parts, a view that is ...13 KB (2,026 words) - 08:04, 23 January 2023
- IAST Vaiśeṣika), is one of the six Hindu schools of philosophy ... Vaisesika is a system of pluralistic realism, which emphasizes that ...19 KB (2,996 words) - 14:10, 3 May 2023
- educator. He was a pioneer in the field of secular religious studies. ... reached a popular readership. His defense of religious studies as a secular ...21 KB (3,067 words) - 09:56, 11 March 2023
- German philosopher, known for his critique of religious belief. He is commonly ... Feuerbach emerged in the 1840s as a leader of the Young Hegelians ...24 KB (3,623 words) - 02:37, 5 November 2022
- ) is a school of philosophy within Hinduism dealing with the nature ... one of the six orthodox systems (darshans) of Indian philosophy and ...17 KB (2,516 words) - 14:43, 3 May 2023
- Marsilius of Padua (Italian Marsilio or Marsiglio da Padova) (1270 ... Marcilius was one of the first to apply the methods of Aristotelian ...12 KB (1,929 words) - 16:16, 6 November 2022
- during a discussion in the Munich School of Philosophy]] scientist, and sociologist in the tradition of critical theory, best known ...27 KB (3,751 words) - 21:47, 4 October 2022
- Nicolai Hartmann (February 20, 1882 – October 9, 1950) was one of ... by his own existence within the restrictions of time and space, and by the ...15 KB (2,188 words) - 23:34, 14 November 2022
- Epistemology or theory of knowledge is the branch of philosophy that ... Much of the debate in this field has focused on analyzing the nature ...41 KB (6,380 words) - 19:10, 13 February 2024
- a British analytic philosopher. A student of Ludwig Wittgenstein, she became ... read "Mods & Greats" (a course of study in classics, ancient ...23 KB (3,440 words) - 07:26, 15 April 2024
- The Frankfurt school is a school of neo-Marxist social theory, social ... Frankfurt school theorists were critical of Marx-Leninism and the ...23 KB (3,258 words) - 05:11, 9 April 2024
- converted to Catholicism and is the author of more than 60 books on a wide ... at the Sorbonne led him to the position of scientific materialism. Later ...18 KB (2,703 words) - 08:31, 18 March 2024
- Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a branch ... known in Christian Europe. Islamic philosophy influenced Judaic and Christian ...29 KB (4,094 words) - 21:49, 8 March 2024
- ; 305 B.C.E. - 240 B.C.E.) was the representative thinker of the School ... Zou Yan is regarded as the founder of natural science in China. His ...13 KB (1,998 words) - 06:12, 13 June 2023
- engineering" refers to any act of accident prevention by a person ... Increasingly, the importance of a safety review is being recognized ...19 KB (2,912 words) - 20:39, 17 April 2023
- al-mu`tazilah) is a theological school of thought within Islam originating ... The Mu'tazili school of thought had a wide influence on early ...9 KB (1,426 words) - 17:53, 10 November 2022
- often referred to as the “Descartes of the twelfth century” due ... The story of his tragic love affair with his student, Héloïse has ...23 KB (3,725 words) - 01:06, 24 November 2022
- John Duns Scotus (c. 1266 – November 8, 1308) was one of the most ... by undermining the Augustinian concept of divine illumination of the ...15 KB (2,194 words) - 04:59, 3 August 2022
