Search results for "Quantum field theory" - New World Encyclopedia

person to win the Nobel prize. His theory of mesons was the first clear ... His name remains visible in the quantum field theory. Written in a ...

two main branches: classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. as classical mechanics. The foundations of quantum mechanics were established ...

that in any reasonable relativistic quantum field theory, particles with integer ... However, in relativistic quantum field theory, the spin-statistics ...

discovery of the density matrix method in quantum mechanics, the quantum mechanical ... kinetic theory of gases, quantum field theory, and plasma physics ...

charge. Electrons generate an electric field. In organized motion they ... were only described by the classical theory of electrodynamics and there ...

* Cao, Tian Yu. Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge ... * Fulling, Stephen A. Aspects of Quantum Field Theory in Curved Space ...

force.[http://www2.slac.stanford.edu/vvc/theory/hadrons.html Hadrons] Stanford ... quarks.Quarks and antiquarks that impart quantum numbers to hadrons are called ...

a more detailed explanation, see quantum field theory. Following the convention ... to date have been catalogued in a quantum field theory called the Standard ...

10, 2008.Mark Allen Srednicki, Quantum Field Theory (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge ... * Srednicki, Mark Allen. 2007. Quantum Field Theory. Cambridge, UK: ...

by Albert Einstein at the time when the quantum (photon) theory of light ... and constants are also integral to the field of physical chemistry. ...

The modern quantum mechanical view of the three fundamental forces ... which was described by a mathematical theory. In ancient times, Aristotle ...

Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: A field ... A changing magnetic field produces an electric field, a phenomenon ...

Democritus postulated the first physical theory of dream telepathy, which ... took advantage of new developments in the field of statistics to evaluate ...

1963, "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and ... Wigner is important for having laid the foundation for the theory ...

With the development of quantum theory, chemistry began to be explained ... Annotated Physics Encyclopædia: Quantum Field Theory]. ...

have been used as specialized solvents (quantum solvents) in spectroscopy ... 1937. It is a major facet in the study of quantum hydrodynamics. ...

exceedingly useful in relativistic quantum field theory, in part because it ... to dealing with these infinities in quantum field theory and his work on the ...

that make up all matter. It is a quantum field theory developed between 1970 and 1973, and it is consistent with both quantum mechanics and special ...

in 1979 for his work in Electro-Weak Theory which is the mathematical ... thesis contained fundamental work in Quantum Electrodynamics. By the ...

However, contemporary physics such as quantum mechanics and general relativity ... With the development of quantum field theory and general relativity ...

physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s ... of Microsystems that obey the rules of quantum theory, was one of the top ...

Central to elementary particle theory are the concepts of "quanta ... The spin-statistics theorem identifies the resulting quantum statistics ...

sharing of electrons and are described by quantum mechanical theories of the ... Chemical bonding theory explains one aspect of the relational nature ...

(Here, "spin" refers to the angular momentum quantum number ... In a quantum field theory, the situation is more interesting. There ...

who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the ... century, and created a revolution in quantum mechanics, and indeed of ...

From the 1770s until the 1850s, the caloric theory was the commonly ... In the following decades, the caloric theory was heatedly debated ...

EM radiation has both electric and magnetic field components, which oscillate ... === Theory === [[Image:Visible EM modes.png|thumb|Shows three electromagnetic ...

in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an ... The electric field is a vector field with SI units of newtons per ...

Atoms from Democritus to Dalton] Atomic Theory and Structure. Retrieved ... Chemistry is a large field comprising many sub-disciplines that often ...

This hypothesis was at the basis of quantum mechanics. Nowadays, this ... 1992. Foundations of Electromagnetic Theory. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley ...

driving forces behind the development of quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics ... is identified by unique values of three quantum numbers: ...

to understanding atomic structure and quantum mechanics, for which he ... Bohr's great insight was to use Planck's quantum of action ...

kilometers/second. According to the quantum mechanical model, these ... Moreover, Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity predicts ...

Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum field theory, and the probabilistic ... a local gauge symmetry and the laws of quantum field theory ...

and Nobel laureate, one of the founders of quantum mechanics, and acknowledged ... == Quantum mechanics == As a student, he met Niels Bohr in Göttingen ...

qualitative picture of covalent bonding, quantum mechanics is needed to understand ... constructed mathematically, based on the theory of "linear combination ...

canals, channels, and levees; this is the field of hydraulic engineering ... equations, which are common in the field of continuum mechanics. ...

The photoelectric effect is a quantum electronic phenomenon in which ... to important steps in understanding the quantum nature of light and electrons ...

to explain using existing rules or theory. If they exist at all, paranormal ... paranormal is largely conducted within the field of parapsychology. Although ...

distance has been attributed to a magnetic field. Magnets attract iron and ... The Earth itself is a giant magnet. Its magnetic field shields living ...

as their interactions. Scientists in the field of astrophysics are known ... physics. Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity plays a major ...

and exclusion of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect). Materials ... phenomenon not explained by the current theory. Also, because the superconducting ...

famous for his application of probability theory to the study of molecules ... In this same year, he published his first paper on the kinetic theory ...

a new way of looking at the world, called quantum theory. like units. He called each such unit a quantum (the plural form being quanta ...

symmetry is a basic consequence of quantum field theory and no violations ... * Santilli, Ruggero Maria. 2006. Isodual Theory of Antimatter: with ...

handle gravitation at a deeper level; and quantum mechanics handles the wave ... and aggregates of bodies. The other sub-field is quantum mechanics. ...

thermodynamics. He also placed the kinetic theory of gases on a firmer footing ... often considered as having established the field of thermodynamics on a firm ...

six ligands in an octahedral geometry. The theory allows one to understand ... This approach is the essence of Crystal field theory (CFT). Crystal field ...

The theory of large scale structure, which governs the formation of ... are related by E=mc^2, Einstein's theory of general relativity predicts ...

which formed the material for the kinetic theory of gases. ... mechanics." to mean, not just the theory of colliding molecules in ...

optics, and more particularly, to the wave theory of light. under Max Planck, who gave birth to the quantum theory revolution on 14 ...

jargon to suggest that a scientific theory about the effects of quantum ... Towards a Transformative Hermeneutics of Quantum Gravity,"Alan D. Sokal ...

a mathematician who made contributions to quantum physics, functional analysis ... a pioneer of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, a member ...

approach has helped describe concepts in quantum mechanics—that is, the ... In the physical world, according to the theory of relativity the fourth ...

1825 to 1828 the paper was renamed The theory of systems of rays, and grew ... In 1828, Hamilton published the first part of his Theory of Systems ...

Nonetheless, with the development of quantum chemistry in the twentieth ... A successful "Grand Unified Theory" or "Theory of ...

to the other under the influence of the electric field. ... In metals, the Fermi level lies in the conduction band (see Band Theory ...

atom. Although the basic principles of quantum physics treat matter and ... an antiparticle, for which each additive quantum number has the negative ...

and thereby gave great support to the wave theory of light that had been advanced ... or QED. This so-called quantum field theory is among the most ...

of Holism is also present in system theory and organicism, and it is ... The holistic perspective is also found in Organicism, system theory ...

Nuclear physics is a field of physics that involves investigation ... of nuclear physics, but the research field is also the basis for a far ...

size of the atom. He pioneered the orbital theory of the atom through his discovery ... from breaking apart. Rutherford's theory of neutrons was later proved ...

solved the mystery of alpha decay by the theory known as "quantum tunneling ... assuming the "plum pudding" theory was correct. It was soon ...

of its forms. On the other hand, quantum field theory models fields as exchanges ... particles that mediate fields in quantum field theory are bosons. Thus matter ...

have the same energy, leading to the theory of ultraviolet catastrophe ... of classical electromagnetism by quantum electrodynamics. Today, ...

in favor of the more elegant quantum field theory. The development ... In quantum field theory and string theory, the term "vacuum" ...

it provides strong evidence for the theory of galaxy formation and poses ... However, constructing a relativistic MOND theory has been troublesome, and ...

a result Chadwick explained in 1930 as a quantum phenomenon. ... *Mehra, Jagdish. 2001. The historical development of quantum theory ...

This theoretical view was eventually replaced by the current theory ... It may be caused by electron-stealing via quantum tunneling, or by transfer ...

visual images synthetically. Computability theory helps us understand what ... the forerunner to modern formal language theory and a precursor to computing ...

pentagonal and hexagonal faces. In graph theory, the term fullerene refers ... Another proposed use in the field of space technologies and science ...

for a wide range of applications. The field first became an identifiable ... In 1873, Maxwell published a unified theory of electricity and magnetism ...

General relativity (GR) is a theory of gravitation that was developed ... relativity is not the only relativistic theory of gravity, it is the simplest ...

1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist. ... one of the founders of the new science of quantum chemistry. ...

in mathematics, and, more recently, in set theory and computer science. As ... * Formal logic is the field of study in which we are concerned with ...

his contributions to the development of quantum theory, nuclear and particle ... gyroscopes, and measuring the magnetic field of the earth. Fermi's ...

material may also be labeled quantum dots if they are small enough ... dependent properties are observed such as quantum confinement in semiconductor ...

on "Some Recent Advances in the Theory of the Ionization of Gases ... out 15 years later with the formulation of quantum mechanics, Bragg said that ...

is known for his early formulation of the theory of relativity and for formulating ... of Hermite. His doctoral thesis was in the field of differential equations ...

only the entities postulated by physical theory exist, and that the mind ... The field of psychology can be viewed as comprising three aspects ...

Special relativity is a fundamental physics theory about space and ... 1908, Hermann Minkowski reformulated the theory based on different postulates ...

A magnetic field is an invisible physical phenomenon caused (“induced” ... Earth’s magnetic field protects the planet from the solar wind whose ...

Kepler's laws were derivable from his theory of gravitation and that, ... drag from the Earth's magnetic field. Basically, the wire cuts ...

materials at very low temperatures, in a field called cryogenics, and in ... Big Bang nucleosynthesis. Based on this theory, the abundance of helium ...

a current loop, which produces a magnetic field. Seebeck, however, at this ... since it measures the voltage or electric field induced in response to a ...

consider the laser as a combined quantum-mechanical and thermodynamical ... Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation), laid ...

) was an American physicist known for expanding the theory of quantum ... has been credited with pioneering the field of quantum computing, ...

as Kerry Emanuel theorized in 1986, in the field of atmospheric thermodynamics; ... #039;s paper, An Account of Carnot's Theory of the Motive Power of Heat. ...

quot;). This transformation involves quantum probability, so it is impossible ... is distributed over a larger number of quantum states). Thus, an avalanche ...

the electronic properties prescribed by theory. This theory was first developed ... S. Novoselov, et al., "Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin ...

be implied in the basic indeterminism of quantum mechanics. Also in neuroscience ... which is a deterministic physical theory, after two elastic bodies ...

physicist. He is best known for his theory of relativity and specifically ... Einstein's many contributions to physics include his special ...

Nanotechnology is a field of applied science and technology covering ... of numerous nanotechnologies such as quantum dots and nanotubes, real ...

These models show that the Big Bang theory is consistent with the theory ... The Big Bang theory developed from observations of the structure of ...

that there should be a role for history in theory of science, and that this ... by Kuhn and a central point of Kuhn’s theory--for better or worse. Paradigms ...

and is affiliated closely with information theory, computer security, and engineering ... of that message). In recent decades, the field has expanded beyond confidentiality ...

criterion for distinguishing scientific theory from non-science; and for ... and logical positivism, and put forth his theory of potential falsifiability ...

Sakharov proposed the idea of induced gravity as an alternative theory of quantum gravity. ===Turn to activism=== From the late 1950s, Sakharov ...

included multi-color imaging surveys around field stars, imaging surveys for ... become closely packed enough to create quantum electron degeneracy pressure ...

on physics and its philosophy, proposing a theory of relativity rivaling Einstein ... In 1905, the theory of general relativity had curtailed exploration ...

Hawking was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by ... radiation. He was the first to set out a theory of cosmology explained by ...

here alone (psychiatry), was the empirical field common to spiritual and biological ... experiences. He later developed the theory that these experiences came ...

studied stellar structure, including the theory of white dwarfs, during the ... * Chandrasekhar, S. [1983] 1998. The Mathematical Theory of Black ...

its focal length. He also developed a theory, later taken up by the physicist ... from the viewpoint of the particle theory. Papers submitted to the ...

and its connection with the mathematical theory of electricity. ... of light under the influence of a magnetic field, which established that light ...

of the fundamental principles of a field in childhood, basically prior ... misconstrued as a cue to jump into Quantum Field Theory when an individual ...

Engineering.) Both define a broad field that encompasses many subfields ... consumer devices began to be developed, the field broadened to include modern ...

in common, and progress in neuroscience, a field of biology aimed at understanding ... using the mathematical tools of chaos theory and dynamical systems. Current ...

on Indian affairs and helped launch the field of Native American studies ... in the context of wider spirituality and quantum physics. ...

the foundation of stride, Tatum made a quantum leap in terms of technique ... a term that is now in common usage in the field of computational musicology: ...

photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaics is the field of technology and research ... #drift of carriers, driven by an electrostatic field established across ...

important discovery or invention within the field of physics; one part to the ... years to become the most important prizes in their field. ...

this order implied that, according to the theory of general relativity, the ... by an application of the newly devised quantum mechanics. Since electrons ...

contributions to the then newly developed quantum theory, most notably a famous ... nuclear physics, spectroscopy, and quantum field theory (including its extension ...

as Ancient Greek and Roman History, Theory and Public Finance, the late ... of musical instruments. He worked out the theory of transverse vibration of ...

the physical sciences until the advent of quantum mechanics around the beginning ... the speed of sound in air and voiced a theory of the origin of stars. ...

cornerstone for future developments in the theory of moving bodies (dynamics ... trigonometry, algebra, and number theory, not to mention continuum ...

or a magnetic field can also change a main sequence star's position ... by electron degeneracy pressure—a quantum mechanical effect that restricts ...

reversible computing, clockless logic, or quantum dots computing) "functionally ... with their name, pronunciation and related field of mathematics. Additionally ...

interfere with the local electro-magnetic field, interrupting electrical ... of some respected scientists, the field has seen very little attention ...

contributions to their research field as well as the MIT community ... developed much of modern information theory and discovered the application ...

The Moon has a magnetic field that is very weak compared to that of ... (such as iron) than Earth, then the impact theory would lose some credibility ...

solar wind and the entire solar magnetic field. Objects bound gravitationally ... by the interaction of the magnetic field of the solar wind with that ...

baffling nature of existence. Anticipating quantum theory, Borges saw time ... to the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, which was not ...

the development of the first intramolecular field effect transistors (FETs ... have been found to be exceptionally good field emitters. In composite materials ...

induction (commonly known as the magnetic field, B\,), the tesla, was named ... single electrode through a combination of field emission and thermionic emission ...

are still the central object of study in theory of computation). He went ... His central interest in the field was understanding Fibonacci phyllotaxis ...

of celestial motion with his auxiliary theory of what may be called celestial ... Thomas Aquinas accepted Averroes' theory of celestial inertia, but ...

he felt dismayed at Jinul's theory of Don Oh Jum Soo (sudden ... on lay people, including daily chores of field work, firewood, etc. ...

successfully explained through advances in quantum physics. This allowed the ... The magnetic field of a star is generated within regions of the interior ...

The theory of the bomb was worked out by physicists mobilized primarily ... The roots of the theory of fission reach two thousand years back when ...

the modern physics, specifically the new Quantum Theory. ... enact by-laws, and ordinances in the field of welfare. ...

of Memory suggest Einstein's theory of relativity, in which time ... much more on Freud's earlier trauma theory than his psychoanalytic theories. ...

entry into the European Union. In theory however, the doctrine prevails ... of Denmark, made important advances in the field of astronomy in the late ...

three multiples of a fundamental angular quantum of spin causing an 1/3 elementary ... * Medieval theory divided society in laboratores (peasants), bellatores ...

in County Mayo, an extensive Neolithic field system - arguably the oldest ... differential geometry, and Einstein’s theory of relativity. ...

Stalin's major contribution to the development of the Marxist ... " in contrast to Trotsky's theory of Permanent Revolution. ...