Search results for "Quantum chemistry" - New World Encyclopedia

Photochemistry, a sub-discipline of chemistry, is the study of the ... by Albert Einstein at the time when the quantum (photon) theory of light ...

two main branches: classical mechanics and quantum mechanics. as classical mechanics. The foundations of quantum mechanics were established ...

mechanics to chemistry is called quantum chemistry. Since the end of the ... and alternative approaches based on quantum chemistry, such as molecular ...

In chemistry and biochemistry, the proton is thought of as the hydrogen ... into a halo of gluons as dictated by the quantum probability wavefunction ...

of conjugation alone. In organic chemistry, a substituent is an atom ... Cytosine recently found use in quantum computation. The first time any ...

elements. It is perhaps the icon of Chemistry and expresses much about ... Julius Lothar Meyer and the Russian chemistry professor Dmitri Ivanovich ...

have been used as specialized solvents (quantum solvents) in spectroscopy ... 1937. It is a major facet in the study of quantum hydrodynamics. ...

and tagging molecules in analytical chemistry and biochemistry. Fluorophores ... Fluorescence occurs when a molecule or quantum dot relaxes to its ...

of electrodynamics and there were no quantum mechanics (hence, it is ... nature of electrons is essential to the quantum mechanics of the electromagnetic ...

formed part of the beginning of modern quantum chemistry. ... * Quantum chemistry == Notes == == References == * Chang, Raymond. ...

Protons and neutrons have different values of the isospin quantum ... with a different value of the strangeness quantum number, can also share the ...

qualitative picture of covalent bonding, quantum mechanics is needed to understand ... Using quantum mechanics, it is possible to calculate the electronic ...

attached to how they exist. Described by quantum mechanics, they can be viewed ... by particle physics obey the principles of quantum mechanics. As such, they ...

sharing of electrons and are described by quantum mechanical theories of the ... object in the theoretical study of quantum chemistry and physics. Most generally ...

It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. The ... and colloid science. Interfacial chemistry and physics are common ...

is responsible for the size of the atom. Quantum mechanical calculations ... where n is the shell number or principle quantum number. Electrons fill orbitals ...

who achieved fame for his contributions to quantum mechanics, especially the ... daughter of Alexander Bauer, Professor of Chemistry, k.u.k. Technische Hochschule ...

that laid the foundation for pneumatic chemistry today. ... * The ideal quantum Bose gas, composed of bosons * The ideal quantum ...

(Here, "spin" refers to the angular momentum quantum number ... no two fermions can exist in the same quantum state at the same time. ...

With the development of quantum theory, chemistry began to be explained ... just as it started. This is called "quantum spin 1" behavior. By ...

noted for his contributions to physical chemistry and statistical mechanics ... academics were the leading authorities in chemistry, thermodynamics, and theoretical ...

A complex in chemistry usually is used to describe molecules or ensembles ... in any sense, since the beginning of chemistry. Examples include Prussian ...

(lutetium) isotopes. Of interest to modern quantum optics, the different ytterbium ... * Chang, Raymond. Chemistry. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math ...

physics. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s ... of Microsystems that obey the rules of quantum theory, was one of the top ...

of many elements, and the establishment of quantum theory in the twentieth ... of the time. He also pursued interests in chemistry, crystallography, metallurgy ...

magnetic dipoles are by current loops or quantum-mechanical spin since the ... are magnetic dipoles in the form of the quantum-mechanical spin associated ...

statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, ... spectral lines) advanced, particularly as quantum physics was developed and ...

thermodynamic potentials in physics and chemistry. Unfortunately, in the ... to the then developing theory of quantum mechanics. This led to ...

In the history of chemistry, the first scientists to determine atomic ... International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry in 1961. Hence, before ...

which gained him the 1908 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. From 1900 till 1903, he ... Bohr model, which used some of the early quantum mechanical results to give ...

Nonetheless, with the development of quantum chemistry in the twentieth century ... from first principles. The reduction of chemistry to physics was an enormous ...

1937. The study of superfluidity is called quantum hydrodynamics. ... first critical velocity (related to the quantum numbers for the element ...

combines elements of applied physics and chemistry, as well as chemical, mechanical ... chemical kinetics, and physical chemistry: to understand phase stability ...

Kroto, Curl, and Smalley were awarded the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry ... as melanoma. The October 2005 issue of Chemistry and Biology contains an ...

silicon nanopowder. This is caused by the quantum effects which occur in particles ... life that rely entirely on silicon-based chemistry, there are some that rely ...

of the founders of the new science of quantum chemistry. ... the first scientists in the field of quantum chemistry and a pioneer in the ...

Einstein's theories were progenitors of quantum mechanics, which, when formulated in 1925, necessitated the invention of a quantum theory of electromagnetism ...

material may also be labeled quantum dots if they are small enough ... NanoclustersB.D. Fahlman, Materials Chemistry (Dordrecht, NL: Springer ...

as a classical system, rather than a quantum-mechanical one. In the resulting ... Superimposed on this classical picture, however, are quantum mechanical ...

a new way of looking at the world, called quantum theory. like units. He called each such unit a quantum (the plural form being quanta ...

his studies in mathematics, physics, and chemistry, in 1899, at the University ... *Haber received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918. In spite of ...

as lasers, Bose–Einstein condensation, quantum field theory, and the probabilistic ... photons have been studied as elements of quantum computers and for sophisticated ...

handle gravitation at a deeper level; and quantum mechanics handles the wave ... of bodies. The other sub-field is quantum mechanics. == Terminology == ...

International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) allows both D and ... deuterium won Urey the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1934. ...

a mathematician who made contributions to quantum physics, functional analysis ... of the application of operator theory to quantum mechanics, a member of the ...

device physics, and supramolecular chemistry. Much speculation exists ... disciplines, including colloidal science, chemistry, applied physics, materials ...

is important to researchers studying quantum mechanics (particularly ... the value expected from classical physics. Quantum mechanics is needed to explain ...

for other fields of physics and for chemistry, chemical engineering, ... as some are theorizing presently in quantum thermodynamics. ...

could be found, with the advent of quantum theory, atomism could no ... divisibility of matter by the discovery of quantum mechanics. Until then, no ...

annually in the categories of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine ... The prizes for physics and chemistry shall be awarded by the Swedish ...

devices such as SQUIDs (superconducting quantum interference devices). Josephson ... vibrations in the lattice. According to quantum mechanics, this Cooper pair ...

that is never observed in practice, and quantum theory predicts that no ... variables must also be taken into account. Quantum mechanics sets limits on ...

consider the laser as a combined quantum-mechanical and thermodynamical ... Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung (On the Quantum Theory of Radiation), laid ...

field. Graphene displays an anomalous quantum Hall effect with the sequence ... Kim. 2005. Experimental observation of the quantum Hall effect and Berry’s ...

in 1989 she earned a doctorate in quantum chemistry and worked as a research ... (Dr. rer. nat.) based on a doctoral thesis on quantum chemistry ...

quot;). This transformation involves quantum probability, so it is impossible ... is distributed over a larger number of quantum states). Thus, an avalanche ...

This equation is used in catalyst chemistry to assess mesoporosity ... is a quantity small enough to require a quantum mechanics analysis. ...

out 15 years later with the formulation of quantum mechanics, Bragg said that ... From 1923, he was Fullerian professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution ...

that long-lived wavelike electronic quantum coherence plays an important ... E. Bursten, and J.R. Burdge (eds.). 2002. Chemistry: The Central Science, 9th ...

eventually developed a new branch of quantum mechanics known as surface ... correspond to a large number of discrete quantum states of the electrons ...

in appliances and equipment. As the LED chemistry became more advanced, the ... , and blue also white (if it has an AlGaN Quantum Barrier) ...

that this can be validly inferred from quantum mechanics. with the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. ...

dealt with one of the first accurate quantum mechanical treatments of ... physicist working in the fields of quantum, molecular, and nuclear ...

to the type of work they do. For example, quantum mechanics and solid state ... involves a significant amount of quantum mechanics and chemistry. ...

mechanics and their application to quantum theory, an explanation of ... PDF Einstein as a Student.] Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard ...

electricity is generated by the action of chemistry and the exchange of electrons ... It may be caused by electron-stealing via quantum tunneling, or by transfer ...

the Southwest. At Harvard, he majored in chemistry, but also studied topics ... contributions to the then newly developed quantum theory, most notably a famous ...

Electrochemistry is a branch of chemistry involving the study of interrelationships ... By the 1960s–1970s, quantum electrochemistry was developed by Revaz ...

such as computational physics and computational chemistry. ... intelligence, cognitive science, physics (quantum computing), and linguistics. ...

of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. ... Hawking decided to study physics and chemistry. Despite his headmaster ...

carbon in the Soviet Journal of Physical Chemistry in 1952. ... in a nanotube is described by applied quantum chemistry, specifically, orbital ...

and Earlam Smith (former professor of chemistry who became Director of ... the theory of radiative transfer and the quantum theory of the negative ion ...

up the study of astronomy, physics and chemistry. He also read the works ... the Theory of relativity; for the second, quantum mechanics. Albert Einstein ...

Quantum mechanics and chaos theory have undermined scientific determinism. ... in terms of the laws of physics and chemistry. The motivations of healthy ...

quot;pure" sciences like physics and chemistry and reducing the work required ... MIT physicists have been instrumental in describing subatomic and ...

by only three multiples of a fundamental angular quantum of spin causing an 1/3 elementary charge e. The down quark only can change its spin from -1 ...

In physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fusion is the process by ... the fusion reactions. The other effect is quantum tunneling. The nuclei do ...

of an electron and paved the way for quantum mechanics in the 1940s. ... Libby was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1960 for this discovery. ...

sutras, modern mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, and even taught ... blend of Buddhism, spiritualism, quantum mechanics, general relativity ...

authors, to say nothing of Physiography, Chemistry and a dozen branches of ... Physicists welcomed Raman's finding as proof of quantum theory ...

up in radioactive decay— far more than chemistry could account for. But ... were familiar as a phenomenon from chemistry then (where they typically ...

of 50 MW (later 200 MW).Helge Kragh, Quantum Generations: A History of ... discussion of reactors.] Nuclear Chemistry--Nuclear Reactors. Retrieved ...

especially physics, astrophysics, and chemistry. Many accurate predictions ... a variety of SF and fantasy traditions; Quantum Leap and Doctor Who are ...

Founder of modern chemistry Robert Boyle was a seventeenth-century ... one of the most important theorems in quantum physics. It is notable for ...

special and general relativity, as well as quantum mechanics, on grounds of ... in various industries relating to chemistry, metallurgy and aviation ...