Search results for "Chemical equilibrium" - New World Encyclopedia

Buffer solutions are used in industry for chemical manufacturing and ... changes in pH is the result of the equilibrium between a weak acid (HA ...

is commonly used in petroleum refineries, chemical plants, and natural gas ... the vapor and liquid on each tray are at equilibrium. The fractionation is ...

of ethanol and acetic acid. Its chemical formula may be written as ... because the forward reaction is in equilibrium with the backward reaction. ...

group by a single covalent bond. The chemical formula of the carboxyl ... the undissociated acid exists in a chemical equilibrium with the dissociated acid: ...

well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions.[http://dictionary ... chemistry, the energy related studies of chemical systems at macro, molecular ...

A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the interconversion ... as in chemical engineering or in chemical equilibrium study. Rates of reaction ...

than it would contain under the equilibrium conditions (of a saturated ... the solid-liquid system reaches equilibrium and crystallization is ...

Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is in equilibrium with carbonic acid: ... The equilibrium constant at 25°C is Kh= 1.70×10−3, which indicates ...

to form salt and water, promotes certain chemical reactions (e.g. A chemical ... In water, the following equilibrium occurs between an acid (HA) and ...

useful for determining conditions for equilibrium and spontaneous processes. ... such as engines, phase transitions, chemical reactions, transport phenomena ...

of physics to calculate the speed of chemical reactions, and showed that ... of thermodynamics can be applied to chemical equilibrium. Van 't Hoff ...

affect their ability to participate in chemical reactions. These other ions ... is worked out in the same way (see chemical equilibrium): ...

The solubility of a chemical substance is a physical property referring ... can be dissolved in a solvent at chemical equilibrium. The resultant solution ...

*A chromatograph takes a chemical mixture carried by liquid or gas ... The smaller the plate, the faster the equilibrium and the more plate in ...

For a chemical reaction to take place, it requires a certain minimum ... They have no effect on the chemical equilibrium of a reaction, because ...

composition of the mixture. Also, when a chemical process produces two or ... trace, only the liquid phase is in equilibrium. The top trace illustrates ...

Actinium (chemical symbol Ac, atomic number 89) is a silvery, radioactive ... below the rare earth lanthanum, and its chemical behavior is similar to that ...

:This article is about the chemical compound. {{Chembox new ... is the most common member of a class of chemical compounds known generically ...

Kenneth J. Kaufmann, and Gary B. Schuster, Chemical and Physical Properties of Fluorenylidene: Equilibrium of the Singlet and Triplet Carbenes, J. Am ...

substance which can accept protons or any chemical compound that yields hydroxide ... strong bases. Weak bases exist in chemical equilibrium in the same way weak ...

is a mineral (inorganic) acid having the chemical formula H3PO4. Alternatively ... at room temperature and pressure. The chemical structure of orthophosphoric ...

to form esters. Condensation is a type of chemical reaction in which two molecules ... Esters can be produced by an equilibrium reaction between an alcohol ...

the critical point, the densities of the equilibrium liquid phase and the saturated ... including extractions, dry cleaning and chemical waste disposal. In polymer ...

Distillation is a method of separating chemical substances based on ... with the invention of numerous other chemical apparatus and processes ...

in many natural physical, biological, and chemical systems. It is widely used ... (physical adsorption) or chemisorption (chemical adsorption). Weak interactions ...

to the scale pan until the beam is in equilibrium. Then, a slider weight—usually ... may prevent the scale from reaching equilibrium. * Settling airborne ...

dioxide, hydrolyzes in a series of equilibrium reactions: ... In some areas, the sulfates are sold to chemical companies as gypsum ...

seen, but can be detected in the form of chemical signals; these are known ... such as those of fossil ferns, involve chemical reduction of the complex ...

to keep its systems in some kind of meta-equilibrium that is broadly conducive ... in dramatic change rather than stable equilibrium, such as the conversion ...

| Chemical composition and name | SiO2 - Silicon dioxide ... This table gives equilibrium concentrations of total dissolved silicon ...

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a chemical compound with the formula ... DMSO is frequently used as a solvent for chemical reactions involving salts ...

as a result of the electric field at equilibrium. Only an increase in the ... than the electric field. However, the chemical potential is often relatively ...

is surrounded by other objects in equilibrium at the same temperature ... Black bodies have been used to test the properties of thermal equilibrium ...

reservoirs—occurs because of various chemical, physical, geological, and ... reverse rate; that is it achieves a chemical equilibrium. ...

Tungsten (formerly wolfram) is a chemical element with the symbol ... tungsten from the acid, through a chemical process called reduction ...

Sulfur dioxide (also sulphur dioxide) is the chemical compound with ... rotting. This can give fruit a distinctive chemical taste. ...

or ethane-1,2-diol (IUPAC name)) is a chemical compound with the formula ... produce ethylene glycol according to the chemical equation ...

chemistry) is the study of chemicals and chemical processes that occur in ... is a continuity of both chemicals and chemical principles that operate ...

to support a shear stress in static equilibrium. While in a solid, stress ... on temperature and pressure (and also the chemical composition of the fluid ...

Yttrium (chemical symbol Y, atomic number 39) is a lustrous, silvery ... lives of less than a day. Y-90 exists in equilibrium with its parent isotope ...

is a strong mineral acid with the chemical formula H2SO4. It is soluble ... for many reactions. In fact, the chemical equilibrium is more complex than ...

nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen. Its chemical formula may be written as ... in the dyeing and printing of textiles; a chemical for denaturing proteins ...

these bonds are formed and broken during chemical reactions. By contrast, ... at higher temperatures. In fact, chemical equilibrium equations show that ...

primarily by its mass, but also by its chemical composition and other factors ... it was shown that, for stars of a uniform chemical composition, a relationship ...

Carbon monoxide, with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless ... to give CO is described as the Boudouard equilibrium. Above 800 °C, CO is ...

much of the theoretical foundation for chemical thermodynamics as well as ... of papers collectively titled On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances ...

An acid-base reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs between an ... based on his extensive works on the chemical composition of organic acids ...

contain under conditions of saturation (at equilibrium). ... the solid-liquid system reaches equilibrium and the crystallization ...

electrons until the particles reach an equilibrium of approximately 4 K. effective when the plasma is in thermal equilibrium with the trap’s environment ...

reactions is much larger than that in chemical reactions, because the binding ... nuclei are part of a plasma near thermal equilibrium, one speaks of thermonuclear ...

== Chemical and physical properties == Rubber exhibits unique physical and chemical properties. ...

Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound ... This acid is an important chemical reagent and industrial chemical ...

between electricity and chemical reactions. The chemical ... If a chemical reaction is driven by an external applied voltage, as ...

in the chest and the atmosphere reach equilibrium. The flow of air during ... minute. The lungs add and remove many chemical messengers from the blood ...

In writing down the reaction equation, in a way analogous to a chemical ... energies (corresponding, say, to thermal equilibrium at room temperature), ...

production of biofuels and a variety of chemical substances. Biomass is biodegradable ... This happens when the natural carbon equilibrium is disturbed; for example ...

Helium (chemical symbol He, atomic number 2) is a minor component ... the solid, liquid, and gas phases are in equilibrium with one another. His ...

not on its intensity. For example, some chemical reactions are provoked only ... be assumed to account for the thermal equilibrium observed between matter ...

to protect the tungsten filament from chemical degradation. Its chemical ... this soup of photons is in thermodynamic equilibrium with the walls, it can ...

A detergent is a chemical compound or mixture of compounds used as ... very slight presence of NaOH from the equilibrium reaction:R-COO-Na + H2O ...

for mass production. The level of chemical purity needed is extremely ... Because of the required level of chemical purity, and the perfection ...

since they are each individually in equilibrium with the walls of the ... Gases are also used in chemical warfare as a terror weapon, meant ...

is the relative proportion of light chemical elements in the universe ... lines corresponding to atoms of the chemical elements interacting with ...

*Statics, the study of the equilibrium of bodies under the actions ... to apply basic concepts from chemistry, chemical engineering, electrical ...

atoms in a molecule vibrate around their equilibrium positions. This range ... Being very energetic, UV can break chemical bonds, making molecules ...

Stoner, Edmund C. 1930. The Equilibrium of Dense Stars. Philosophical Magazine, 7th series. 9:944–963. Stoner went on to derive the pressure ...

Plutonium (chemical symbol Pu, atomic number 94) is a radioactive ... quickly, one gets nearly pure Np-237 by chemical separation of neptunium ...

saturation and cavity losses produces an equilibrium value of the laser power ... Chemical lasers are powered by a chemical reaction, and can achieve ...

* as a consequence of chemical reactions within the atmosphere. This ... * as a consequence of a chemical change at the interface between the ...

He simultaneously earned his diploma in chemical engineering from the ETH ... language of game theory and a general equilibrium theory for economics. ...

has been predicated upon the fact that the equilibrium vapor pressure is lower over water than over ice. When ice particles form in supercooled clouds ...

:This article is about the chemical substance. {|class="infobox ... Water is a common chemical substance that is essential for all known ...

Salts are formed by a chemical reaction between: * A base and an acid ... and precipitates (see: solubility equilibrium). == Salt-forming ions == ...

internal and external forces must be in equilibrium. This means that the sum ... analyzed using only consideration of equilibrium, from Newton's Laws ...

is not composed of atoms bound by chemical bonds, but rather consists ... and in 1930 by Edmund C. Stoner.Edmund C. Stoner, 1930. The Equilibrium ...

the friction of fluids in motion and the equilibrium and motion of elastic ... investigated the relationship between the chemical composition and the optical ...

where they are carefully studied, using chemical and physical dating methods ... such as natural selection, punctuated equilibrium, and design, and specific ...

and carbon monoxide, that develops in equilibrium with solid nitrogen and ... the photolysis or radiolysis (i.e., the chemical conversion driven by sunlight ...

Astronomers can determine the mass, age, chemical composition and ... in quantum physics. This allowed the chemical composition of the stellar ...

the energy of sunlight and converts it to chemical form (oxygen and reduced ... energy that keeps the Sun in a state of equilibrium. About 8.9×1037 protons ...

This equilibrium was shattered on August 31, 2004, when 16 people ... are also a number of electronics and chemical plants, including Teva Pharmaceutical ...

There are three main types of evidence for ice ages: geological, chemical ... The chemical evidence mainly consists of variations in the ratios ...

spectrum, unlike those caused by non-equilibrium atomic or molecular transitions ... Swan reported success to the Newcastle Chemical Society, and at a lecture ...

what went into the river. DDT, a chemical used in fertilizers was ... The Upper Mississippi River has naturally maintained equilibrium between ...

between five and 500 micrometers), and chemical residues. ... theory such as the theory of punctuated equilibrium. [[Image:ROM-BurgessShale ...

not on its intensity. For example, some chemical reactions are provoked only ... ability of matter and radiation to be in thermal equilibrium. ...

Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD, or OMCVD) production ... kinetic energy of the carriers slows to equilibrium velocity. ...

which exists at a stable vapour pressure equilibrium point of about one part ... the older halophosphate type phosphors (chemical formula Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl):Sb3 ...

while near the poles the temperature in equilibrium with the sea ice ... Volume 1, The Earth System: Physical and Chemical Dimensions of Global Environmental ...

V. A. Krasnopolsky and V. A. Parshev (1981), "Chemical composition ... atmosphere. The balloons achieved an equilibrium altitude of around 53 ...

A submerged submarine is in an unstable equilibrium, having a tendency to ... II in 1864. Ictineos engine used a chemical mix containing a peroxide ...