Difference between revisions of "Pope Telesphorus" - New World Encyclopedia

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'''Pope Saint Telesphorus''' was [[bishop of Rome]] c. 128 to 138 C.E., during the reigns of Roman Emperors [[Hadrian]] and [[Antoninus Pius]]. He was [[Greek people|Greek]] by birth, he is said to have been a [[monk]] before becoming a [[bishop]].
 
  
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[[Irenaeus|Irenaeus of Lyons]] recognized Telesphorus as a [[martyr]], the first of the Roman bishops whom Irenaeus designates as such after [[Saint Peter]]. In the [[Roman Martyrology]] his feast is celebrated on January 2. The Greek Church celebrates it on February 22.  
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{{infobox popestyles|
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papal name=Pope Telesphorus|
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dipstyle=His Holiness|
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offstyle=Your Holiness|
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relstyle=Holy Father|
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deathstyle=[[Saint]]|}}
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'''Pope Saint Telesphorus''' was [[pope]] from 126 or 127 to 137 or 138, during the reigns of Roman Emperors [[Hadrian]] and [[Antoninus Pius]]. He was [[Greek people|Greek]] by birth.
  
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The ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'' credits him with intiating the tradition of [[Christmas]] Midnight [[mass (liturgy)|mass]]es, the celebration of [[Easter]] on [[Sunday]]s, the keeping of a seven-week [[Lent]] before Easter, and the singing of the ''[[Gloria in Excelsis Deo]]''. However, [[historian]]s doubt that such attributions are accurate, except that there is indeed evidence that he celebrated Easter on Sunday.
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The writer [[Irenaeus|St. Irenaeus of Lyons]] said that St. Telesphorus suffered [[martyrdom]]<ref>* {{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope St. Telesphorus|Pope St. Telesphorus]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref>. In the [[Roman Martyrology]] his feast is celebrated on 2 January;<ref>The Telesphorus commemorated on 5 January in the [[General Roman Calendar as in 1954]] was in fact not the Pope but an otherwise unknown [[Africa Province|African]] martyr - ''Calendarium Romanum'' (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 112).</ref> the Greek Church celebrates it on 22 February.  
  
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Some sources depict Telesphorus as previously being a [[hermit]] living on [[Mount Carmel]], and the [[Carmelites]] thus venerate him as a [[patron saint]] of the order.
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The tradition of [[Christmas]] Midnight [[mass (liturgy)|Mass]]es, the celebration of [[Easter]] on Sundays, the keeping of a seven-week [[Lent]] before Easter and the singing of the [[Gloria in Excelsis Deo|Gloria]] are usually attributed to his pontificate, but some [[historian]]s doubt that such attributions are accurate.
  
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==Biography==
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The [[Carmelites]] venerate Telesphorus as a patron saint of the order since some sources depict him as a [[hermit]] living on [[Mount Carmel]].
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Telesphorus is traditionally reckoned as being the seventh Roman bishop in succession after [[Saint Peter]]. The ''Liber Pontificalis'' mentions that he had been an [[anchorite]] (or hermit) [[monk]] prior to assuming office. According to the testimony of [[Irenæus]] (''Against Heresies'' III.3.3), he suffered a "glorious" martyrdom. Although all early popes are called martyrs by sources such as the ''Liber Ponificalis'', Telesphorus is the first to whom Ireneaus, writing considerably earlier, gives this title.
 
  
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[[Eusebius]] (Church History iv.7; iv.14) places the beginning of his pontificate in the twelfth year of the reign of Emperor [[Hadrian]] (128-129) and gives the date of his death as being in the first year of the reign of [[Antoninus Pius]] (138-139).
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The town of [[Saint-Télesphore, Quebec|Saint-Télesphore]], in the southwestern part of [[Canada|Canada's]] [[Quebec]] [[provinces of Canada|province]], is named after him.
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A fragment of a letter from Irenæus to Pope [[Victor I]] during the [[Easter]] controversy in the late second century, also preserved by Eusebius, testifies that Telesphorus was one of the Roman bishops who always celebrated Easter on [[Sunday]], rather than on other days of the week according to the calculation of the Jewish [[Passover]]. Unlike Victor, however, Telesphorus remained in [[communion]] with those communities that did not follow this custom.
 
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None of the other statements as to the liturgical and other decisions instituted by Telesphorus are considered accurate, even by Catholic scholars, as they are based on sources of a later date which display an agenda intended to prove the [[papacy]]'s authority by exaggerating its legislative role.
 
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In the current ''Roman Martyrology'' his feast is listed under January 2. The [[Greek Orthodox Church]] celebrates it on February 22. The Telesphorus commemorated on January 5 in the earlier General Roman Calendar (as in 1954) was in fact not the Pope but an otherwise unknown [[Africa Province|African]] martyr.  
 
  
 
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==Notes==
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{{reflist}}
  
 
==References==
 
==References==
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* Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0140513124.
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*Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. ''The Penguin Dictionary of Saints''. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0140513124.
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* Benedict XVI ''The Roman Martyrology'' Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743
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*Kelly, J.N.D. ''Oxford Dictionary of Popes.'' (1986). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
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* Chapman, John. ''Studies on the Early Papacy''. Port Washington, N.Y.: Kennikat Press, 1971. ISBN 9780804611398
 
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* Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. ''The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451''. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. ISBN 9781901157604
 
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* Loomis, Louise Ropes. ''The Book of Popes'' '''(Liber Pontificalis)''', Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1889758868 (Reprint of the 1916 edition. Stops with Pope Pelagius, 579-590. English translation with scholarly footnotes, and illustrations).
 
  
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''This article incorporates text from the public-domain [[Catholic Encyclopedia]] of 1913.''
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==External links==
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*[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0125-0136-_Telesphorus,_Sanctus,_Martyr.html Opera Omnia]
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*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14477b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Pope St. Telephorus'']
  
 
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Revision as of 02:32, 22 December 2008

For other uses of the term, see Telesphorus.
Saint Telesphorus
150px
Birth name Telesphorus
Papacy began 126
Papacy ended 137
Predecessor Sixtus I
Successor Hyginus
Born ???
Greece
Died 137
Rome, Italy
Styles of
Pope Telesphorus
Emblem of the Papacy.svg
Reference style His Holiness
Spoken style Your Holiness
Religious style Holy Father
Posthumous style Saint

Pope Saint Telesphorus was pope from 126 or 127 to 137 or 138, during the reigns of Roman Emperors Hadrian and Antoninus Pius. He was Greek by birth.

The writer St. Irenaeus of Lyons said that St. Telesphorus suffered martyrdom[1]. In the Roman Martyrology his feast is celebrated on 2 January;[2] the Greek Church celebrates it on 22 February.

The tradition of Christmas Midnight Masses, the celebration of Easter on Sundays, the keeping of a seven-week Lent before Easter and the singing of the Gloria are usually attributed to his pontificate, but some historians doubt that such attributions are accurate.

The Carmelites venerate Telesphorus as a patron saint of the order since some sources depict him as a hermit living on Mount Carmel.

The town of Saint-Télesphore, in the southwestern part of Canada's Quebec province, is named after him.


Roman Catholic Popes
Preceded by:
Sixtus I 		Bishop of Rome
Pope
125–136 		Succeeded by: Hyginus

Notes

  1. ↑ * Wikisource-logo.svg "Pope St. Telesphorus" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
  2. ↑ The Telesphorus commemorated on 5 January in the General Roman Calendar as in 1954 was in fact not the Pope but an otherwise unknown African martyr - Calendarium Romanum (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 1969), p. 112).

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Attwater, Donald and Catherine Rachel John. The Penguin Dictionary of Saints. 3rd edition. New York: Penguin Books, 1993. ISBN 0140513124.
  • Kelly, J.N.D. Oxford Dictionary of Popes. (1986). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.

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