Search results for "Carbonate" - New World Encyclopedia

Malachite is a carbonate mineral of copper, with a vibrant green color. It is usually found with copper deposits associated with limestone. It ...

The term potash has more than one meaning. In a narrow sense, it refers to the salt potassium carbonate (K2CO3). In a broader sense, it is a ...

Marble is a metamorphic rock, composed mainly of crystalline calcium carbonate or calcium magnesium carbonate. Used extensively for sculpture ...

are distinguished from karst bauxites (carbonate bauxites). In Europe and ... * Bardossy, Gyorgy. Karst Bauxites: Bauxite Deposits on Carbonate ...

Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed largely of the mineral calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3). It makes up about ten percent of the total ...

Carbonatites are unusual igneous rocks that contain carbonate minerals at levels that exceed 20 percent (by volume). Their additional mineral ...

Calcite is a carbonate mineral and is among the most widely distributed minerals on the Earth's surface. Chemically, it is known as calcium ...

occurs. The general reaction of a metal carbonate (where M is the metal ion ... For example, barium carbonate (BaCO3) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3 ...

or bases. Water, amino acids, hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) ions, and ... A common example of an amphiprotic substance is the hydrogen carbonate ...

| Carbonate | Carbonate ester | ROCOOR | [[Image:Carbonate-group.png|75px|Carbonate]] ...

Dolomite is the name for a mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate (CaMg(CO3)2) and for a sedimentary rock that has this mineral as its ...

sulfate, BaSO4) and witherite (barium carbonate, BaCO3). agent in drilling oil wells. Barium carbonate is used in rat poisons ...

however there have been cases of clastic carbonate rocks. The more appropriate ... * Carbonates are composed of various carbonate minerals (most often ...

decarbonizer for various alloys. Calcium carbonate is used in construction ... in the form of various compounds: calcium carbonate in limestone rocks, marble ...

terrestrial biosphere, oceans, carbonate rocks, and sediments (as ... subduction zones through metamorphism of carbonate rocks subducting with the ...

chemical, and the chloride, sulfate, and carbonate are used in fertilizers ... potash (impure form of potassium carbonate), is mined in California ...

=== Carbonate class === The carbonate minerals consist of those that contain the anion CO32 ...

of the Yilgarn Craton in Western Australia. Talc-carbonate ultramafics are also known from the Lachlan Fold Belt, eastern Australia, from Brazil, the ...

base, but sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate are also used to raise ... aluminum fluoride), soda ash (sodium carbonate), and soda niter (or Chile ...

, agglutinated, and secreted calcium carbonate (Schweizer 2006). Agglutinated ... approximately 43 million tons of calcium carbonate and thus play an essential ...

Cesium carbonate: Cesium carbonate is a white crystalline solid, with ... reaction of cesium hydroxide or cesium carbonate with hydrochloric acid ...

solutions of sodium sulfate or sodium carbonate, of which the moisture ... occurs on rocks that contain calcium carbonate, such as limestone and ...

* Lithium salts such as lithium carbonate, lithium citrate, and lithium ... air by reacting with it to form lithium carbonate. (Any alkali hydroxide ...

Karst topography is a three-dimensional landscape shaped by the dissolution of a soluble layer or layers of bedrock, usually carbonate rock such ...

Biochemical (or biogenic) sedimentary rocks include carbonate minerals generated by organisms such as corals, molluscs, and foraminifera. Minerals ...

with mineral salts, above all calcium carbonate, which can make up up to ... Mollusk shells are composite materials of calcium carbonate (found ...

and is formed by a replacement of calcium carbonate with silica. It is commonly ... formations by replacement of calcium carbonate with silica. This is the ...

SrSO4) and strontianite (strontium carbonate, SrCO3). The largest commercially ... strontium is used more often in the carbonate form, but there are relatively ...

(lead sulfate) or cerussite (lead carbonate). Galena deposits are found in France, Romania, Austria, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Scotland, England ...

* calcium carbonate (sometimes called "free lime") ... Both sodium carbonate and ammonia are bases, although neither of these ...

above equilibria between the three different carbonate forms (H2CO3, HCO3− and CO32−) as well as of the equilibrium between dissolved CO2 and H2CO3 ...

used in electronic vacuum tubes, and the carbonate has been approved for a ... * Lanthanum carbonate is used medically as a phosphate binder for ...

A nonmetal is a chemical element with several properties that are opposite those of a metal. Based on their properties, the elements of the periodic ...

However, even softer minerals like calcium carbonate are used as abrasives ... *Calcite (calcium carbonate) *Emery (impure corundum) *Diamond dust ...

of successive layer of inorganic calcium carbonate and organic conchiolin. ... Nacre is composed of layers of calcium carbonate separated by layers ...

salts are treated with soda-ash (Sodium carbonate) to precipitate calcium ... decomposition of bicarbonate ions creates carbonate ions which crystallise ...

In geology, evaporites are water-soluble, mineral sediments that result from the evaporation of restricted bodies of water on the Earth's ...

earth, and a small admixture of sodium carbonate. This mixture is formed into short sticks and wrapped in paper. Each stick is often 20 centimeters ...

have also shaped the landscape. Carbonate rocks such dolomite and ... dammed them, then solidified through carbonate deposition. Some lakes ...

when soda glass (containing sodium carbonate) was replaced by glass ... raw materials—sand, limestone (calcium carbonate), soda ash (sodium carbonate ...

OH groups are absent and containing many carbonate and acid phosphate substitutions—is ... can be replaced by fluoride, chloride or carbonate. As noted above, its formula ...

items sold as 'Onyx' today are this carbonate material. Jolyon & Ida Ralph[http://www.mindat.org/min-2999.html]Mindat website, ...

of the metal becomes converted to copper carbonate (CuCO3), a green substance ... Copper(II) carbonate is green. This compound produces the unique appearance ...

is created by the addition of sodium carbonate and lime (calcium oxide) to silicon dioxide. Without these additives, silicon dioxide will (with ...

extent as rhodochrosite (manganese(II) carbonate, MnCO3). Land-based resources ... the mineral rhodochrosite, (manganese(II) carbonate). The +3 oxidation state ...

materials are silica and calcium carbonate, which are often derived either from dissolution or from alteration of the sand after it was buried. ...

for acetylene manufacture are calcium carbonate (limestone) and coal. The calcium carbonate is first converted into calcium oxide and the coal ...

|Carbonate||CO32−|| |- |Hydrogen Carbonate||HCO3−||Bicarbonate |- |Chlorate||ClO3−|| ...

and marble are composed mainly of calcium carbonate. As these rocks are eroded ... animal shells (made of calcium carbonate) may eventually become ...

salt is added together with potassium carbonate, and after 15 minutes of grinding at room temperature the surface of the nanotubes are covered ...

showed 55.91 percent solid products (potassium carbonate, potassium sulfate, potassium sulfide, sulfur, potassium nitrate, potassium thiocyanate, carbon ...

covers a skeleton composed of calcium carbonate. A coral "head" ... involves deposition of calcium carbonate by the polyps from calcium ...

from the atmosphere to re-form calcium carbonate through carbonatation. ... contain both clay minerals and calcium carbonate. The burnt nodules were ...

Black. He found that limestone (calcium carbonate) could be heated or treated ... between sulfuric acid and calcium carbonate (limestone or chalk) is ...

casings, are primarily made up of calcium carbonate. Because of this, they ... As the snail grows, so does its calcium carbonate shell. A snail& ...

salt) is used in medicine. Magnesium carbonate is used in brick, flooring ... * Magnesium carbonate (MgCO3) is used in making bricks and in flooring ...

colorless, revealing their white, calcium carbonate skeletons. If the water ... will become less able to secrete calcium carbonate; and reef scientist Terry ...

of the contaminants in hard water was calcium carbonate. Cavendish also investigated the nature of heat, and measured the specific heat of several ...

in China and Argentina, which produces lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide directly. ==See also== * Gemstone * Lithium * Mineral ...

Commonly, this means adding 5-10 percent of sodium carbonate to wet bentonite, mixing well, and allowing time for the ion exchange to take place. ...

was the LeBlanc process, which produced sodium carbonate, followed by roasting, to create carbon dioxide and sodium oxide. This method is still occasionally ...

this americyl core could complex with carbonate as well as other oxygen moieties (OH-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO4-2) to form charged complexes which ...

In chemistry, esters are organic compounds in which an organic group (symbolized by R' in this article) replaces the hydrogen atom of a ...

:metal oxide + CO2 → metal carbonate == See also == * Chemical decomposition * Chemical engineering * Chemistry * Organic chemistry ...

(zinc sulfide), smithsonite (zinc carbonate), hemimorphite (zinc silicate ... in moist air, producing a layer of carbonate. It reacts with acids and ...

Geochronology is the science of determining the absolute ages of rocks, fossils, and sediments found on Earth. This field of science relies on ...

of biologically generated calcium carbonate mixed with sediment washed in by the erosion of the virtually lifeless landmasses which eventually ...

made similar statements concerning copper carbonate, as did the earlier Ri ... of modification compositions of certain carbonate secreting marine invertebrates ...

though they are both polymorphs of calcium carbonate and have the same chemical formula. The solubility of one substance dissolving in another ...

areas, airborne dust contains enough calcium carbonate to counter the natural acidity of precipitation, and rainfall can be neutral or even alkaline ...

Bitumen is a mixture of dark, sticky, highly viscous organic liquids composed mainly of aromatic hydrocarbons. It is usually black or dark brown ...

Reefs, in general, are built by various carbonate-secreting organisms that have the ability to erect wave-resistant frameworks close to sea ...

burned to obtain soda ash (primarily sodium carbonate). Soda ash is used in the manufacture of glass, pulp and paper, detergents, and some chemicals ...

this neptunyl core readily complexes with carbonate as well as other oxygen-containing ionic groups, such as OH-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-). In ...

Rhenium (chemical symbol Re, atomic number 75) is a silvery-white, lustrous, rare metal. Obtained as a byproduct of molybdenum refinement, it ...

* carbonate CO32− (carbonic acid) * chloride Cl− ... as sodium silicoaluminate or magnesium carbonate. It is common practice ...

capability and increased calcium carbonate production in hermatypic corals (Madl and Yip 2000). Various reproductive strategies are utilized by ...

|Molten carbonate fuel cell |Molten alkaline carbonate (e.g., sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3) ...

Coral reef is the term for any fully marine, underwater ecosystem with a calcium carbonate foundation produced by the skeletons of living organisms ...

chloride (Cl-), phosphate (PO43-), and hydrogen carbonate (HCO3-). The electric charge symbols of plus (+) and minus (-) indicate that the substance in ...

have hard exoskeletons reinforced with calcium carbonate tend to preserve well as fossils, but many crustaceans have only thin exoskeletons. Most ...

of erosion. Sea urchin erosion of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) at some reefs has ... Bioerosion of reef calcium carbonate by parrotfish can range from ...

sediments, and banded iron formations. Carbonate rocks are rare, indicating ... the widespread epicontinental seas and carbonate deposition of the Mississippian. ...

Electroplating involves the coating of an electrically conductive object with a layer of metal using electrical current. Usually, the process ...

like matrix) and mud stone, dolomite from carbonate banks topped by algal mats ... lay to the east. An algal mat-covered carbonate bank was deposited (this ...

with the sulfur dioxide present. The calcium carbonate of the limestone produces pH-neutral calcium sulfate that is physically removed from the scrubber ...

anion (HCO3−) and lose a second to form carbonate anion (CO32−). Both Ka values are small, but Ka1 > Ka2 . A triprotic acid (H3A) can undergo ...

as well as the dissolution of carbonate matter such as Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) found in shells. Organic matter, including anthropogenic artefacts ...

caves are often adorned with calcium carbonate formations produced through slow precipitation, including the most common and well-known stalactites ...

a reaction causes the formation of calcium carbonate. This chemical reaction is enhanced by the bacteria and plant roots in soils, where they improve ...

a method for the production of sodium carbonate. The Leblanc process was ... and controllable processes. Sodium carbonate had many uses in the glass ...

vulnerable, as the acids dissolve calcium carbonate. Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials, mainly uranium and thorium, that are released ...

products were sent north, including natron (sodium carbonate), cotton, kola nuts, ivory, ostrich feathers, perfume, wax, and hides, but the most important ...

gallons (13.6 liters) of pearl ash (potassium carbonate) solution contained within compressed air. The soda-acid extinguisher was invented in ...

from solutions which dissolved calcium carbonate while seeping through the limestone, the cave system includes speleothems (stalactites and stalagmites ...

*Spicules are stiffened rods or spikes made of calcium carbonate or silica that are used for structure and defense. Sponges have three body types: ...

a liquid-adsorption column containing calcium carbonate to separate plant pigments. The method was described on December 30, 1901, at the 11th Congress ...

* Cerium(III) carbonate (Ce2(CO3)3) * Cerium(III) fluoride (CeF3) * Cerium(III) oxide (Ce2O3) * Cerium(III) triflate (Ce(OSO2CF3)3) ...

Cabbage is any of the various plants of the Capitata Group of the species Brassica oleracea of the mustard family Brassicaceae (or Cruciferae ...

causing extreme greenhouse conditions and carbonate deposition as limestone ... to form carbonic acid and bicarbonate and carbonate ions (see ocean acidification). ...

with sodium chloride (NaCl) or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) at about 850 °C, to give sodium vanadate (NaVO3). This product is dissolved in water ...

products were sent north, including natron (sodium carbonate), cotton, kola nuts, ivory, ostrich feathers, perfume, wax, and hides, but the most important ...

including marble, granite, limestone, carbonate, and chalk. Main agricultural activities include cotton and cereal growing, winemaking and sericulture ...

The eyes of trilobites were made of calcite (calcium carbonate, CaCO3). Pure forms of calcite are transparent, and some trilobites used a single ...

* The production of saltpeter by mixing potash (potassium carbonate) and nitric acid. The works ascribed to Geber introduced improved laboratory ...

* The carbonate was used in poison-ivy lotions until it was noticed that many people are allergic to it. * Zirconium is also used in heat exchangers ...

as water and ammonia, and polyatomic ions such as carbonate and nitrate. Zeolites can therefore lose and absorb water and various ions and gases without ...

located mouth made up of five united calcium carbonate teeth or jaws, with a fleshy tongue-like structure within. The entire chewing organ is known as ...

found the new element as an impurity in zinc carbonate (calamine), after he noticed that some impure samples of calamine changed color when heated ...

internal skeletons) that are composed of calcium carbonate plates called ossicles, which is one of the reasons some scientists are led to believe that ...

not pure sodium chloride. In 1911, magnesium carbonate was first added to salt to make it flow more freely. In 1924, trace amounts of iodine—in ...

and negative ions including sulphate, carbonate, and bromide. Despite variations ... and is converted into carbonic acid, carbonate, and bicarbonate. ...

by living organisms. They include carbonate minerals such as corals, molluscs, and foraminifera, which cover the ocean floor with layers of calcite ...

Nitric acid (chemical formula HNO3) is one of the most important inorganic acids. Eighth-century alchemists called it aqua fortis (strong water ...

had been liberated when he heated basic magnesium carbonate. For the next 20 years, an intense period of activity in the area resulted in the ...

gas and oil. As a result, the usual calcium-carbonate cave formations are supplemented in some areas by formations based on calcium sulfate (gypsum ...

Other common varieties are cerussite (lead carbonate, PbCO3) and anglesite (lead sulfate, PbSO4). More than half the lead in current use comes from ...

etching. The polymers are removed with sodium carbonate (washing soda) solution, rather than solvents. When used for etching, ferric chloride does not ...

of powdered iron oxide and barium/strontium carbonate (sintering involves heating the powder until the particles stick to one another, without melting ...

drained and often dry, and composed of calcium carbonate from seashells. Rotting seaweed, brought in by storm waves adds nutrients to allow pioneer species ...

| Lead white (also called "flake white," basic lead carbonate (PbCO3)); chalk |- ! Black | Carbon, from sources such as lampblack, charcoal ...

exposed in the park. The deepening sea left Carbonate deposits, forming the limestone of the Kaibab Limestone, the same formation that rims the Grand ...

and scoria also occur in arid regions. Sodium carbonate, sulfate, borate, nitrate, lithium, bromine, iodine, calcium, and strontium compounds come ...

mixture of powdered zinc metal and calcium carbonate. :Zn + CaCO3 → ZnO + CaO + CO ==Structure== The CO molecule is characterized by ...

Commonly, production begins by oxidation with sodium carbonate to produce sodium selenite. The sodium selenite is then acidified with sulfuric ...

Igneous rocks form when magma (molten rock) cools and solidifies. The solidification process may or may not involve crystallization, and it may ...

the face with a mixture of rice paste and calcium carbonate. Dancers often turn the whites of their eyes red by placing a "chundanga seed" ...

reaction with potash (potassium carbonate, empirical formula K2CO3) to produce Potassium nitrate (KNO3) or saltpeter, an ingredient of gunpowder. ...

Marine organisms in the biosphere create carbonate shell material (CaCO3) that is rich in molecular oxygen. When the organism dies, its shell ...

|align="center"| Propylene carbonate - air ||align="center"| 20º C|| align="center"|41.1 |- |align="center ...

a drying agent or a desiccant such as potassium carbonate can be added to convert the soluble water into insoluble water of crystallization. Molecular ...

(red mercury sulfide) and lead white (lead carbonate). These were mixed with a range of binders, including natural resins, gums (possibly animal ...

rich in aluminum silicate hydroxide) or calcium carbonate is added to produce the glossy papers typically used for magazines. ===Sheet formation=== ...

Yucatán Platform, all of which is composed of carbonate and soluble rocks, being mostly limestone although dolomite and evaporites are also present at ...

in warm shallow seas and resulted in various carbonate rocks along with sandstones and shales. Mesozoic deposition transitioned back and forth from ...

Pottery is the ceramic ware made by potters. It has been found in nearly all ancient, historical sites in many parts of the world because it ...

its mineral ore and mixing it with potassium carbonate and aqueous hydrofluoric acid. This yields potassium fluorotitanate (K2TiF6) which is extracted ...

based on the amounts of removable calcium carbonate salt it contains per gallon. Water hardness is measured in grains; 0.064 g calcium carbonate ...

as clays, illite, and kaolinite—as well as carbonate minerals like siderite, calcite, and aragonite. Iron sulfide minerals such as pyrite are ...

N.A. Trueman. 1965. The phosphate, volcanic and carbonate rocks of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean). J Geol Soc Aust 12: 261-286. ) increases the ...

of ashes among North Americans and lime (calcium carbonate) among Mesoamericans—to corn meal to liberate the B-vitamin niacin, the lack of which was ...

pigments useful in art, including white lead (lead carbonate) and verdigris, a green mixture of copper salts including copper(II) acetate. Ancient Romans ...

Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrous phosphate of copper and aluminum, with the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8•4H2O ...

this plutonyl core readily complexes with carbonate as well as other oxygen moieties (OH-, NO2-, NO3-, and SO4-2) to form charged complexes which ...

16O/18O and 12C/13C isotope ratio on biogenous carbonate]] Isotope ratio mass spectrometry Mass spectrometry is also used to determine the isotopic ...

base and aluminum salts of weak acids, such as carbonate, can't be prepared. The salts of strong acids, such as nitrate, are stable and soluble ...

horns of oxen and neutralizing the resulting carbonate with hydrochloric acid (HCl), the name "spirit of hartshorn" was applied to ammonia. ...

A patina of green-blue copper carbonate forms on the surface of copper with exposure to the water and carbon dioxide in the air. Silver coins ...

A bell is a directly struck idiophone percussion instrument. Most bells have the shape of a hollow cup that when struck vibrates in a single ...

that include inorganic ions such as carbonate, chloride and sulfate, and various organic chelating agents. Phase relationships in the uranium ...

include timber, hydropower, gypsum, and calcium carbonate. Natural hazards include violent storms from the Himalayas, which are the source of ...

for a method of producing potash (potassium carbonate). Revised patent law was passed in 1793, and in 1836 a major revision to the patent law was ...

ground for the near surface smectite clay and carbonate weathered and oxidized portion. Once diamonds have been transported to the surface by ...