Search results for "History of chemistry" - New World Encyclopedia
From New World Encyclopedia
- Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structures, properties ... Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen, and ...8 KB (1,161 words) - 01:13, 18 November 2022
- Atmospheric chemistry involves study of the chemistry of the atmospheres ... Earth's atmosphere is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen, ...11 KB (1,481 words) - 06:25, 21 August 2023
- Silica gel is a granular, porous form of silica, produced synthetically ... fungicides, or pesticides), packets of silica gel usually bear warnings ...7 KB (1,044 words) - 22:03, 29 January 2023
- German chemist who ushered in the age of biochemistry by clarifying ... * Von Meyer, Ernst. [1906] 2007. A History of Chemistry. tr. George ...7 KB (1,041 words) - 23:02, 22 June 2023
- stable isotope is 262Lr, with a half-life of approximately four hours. It ... The origin of the name, preferred by the American Chemical Society ...6 KB (798 words) - 17:58, 25 October 2022
- * Partington, J. R. 1964. A History of Chemistry, vol. 4. New York: ... * Von Meyer, Ernst. 1906. A History of Chemistry, translated by George ...9 KB (1,376 words) - 06:04, 15 June 2023
- Food chemistry is the study of chemical processes and interactions ... ==Brief history of food chemistry== The history of food chemistry dates ...10 KB (1,507 words) - 06:16, 1 April 2024
- 250px|Experimental work in progress in a chemistry laboratory.]] ... chemistry, geochemistry, history of chemistry, materials science ...20 KB (2,886 words) - 14:48, 5 December 2023
- made the first comprehensive analysis of the principles, by which he ... analysis itself. Critical self-analysis of its own procedures, methodologies ...9 KB (1,192 words) - 22:57, 30 November 2022
- Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that ... addition, it is important for the production of semiconductor devices, fuel ...13 KB (1,826 words) - 23:53, 26 February 2023
- Thulium (chemical symbol Tm, atomic number 69) is the least abundant ... techniques have led to easier separation of the rare earths, which has ...9 KB (1,135 words) - 23:14, 30 April 2023
- than sugar, making it the least potent of the commercially available ... its aftertaste is generally less than that of saccharin or acesulfame potassium ...7 KB (974 words) - 06:52, 12 January 2024
- occurring chemical element. It is a member of the halogen family of elements ... The total amount of astatine in the Earth's crust has been estimated ...6 KB (808 words) - 05:08, 18 August 2023
- as radium and is therefore a valuable source of neutrons. Its isotope 225Ac ... milligram amounts by the neutron irradiation of 226Ra in a nuclear reactor ...7 KB (911 words) - 05:39, 15 June 2023
- Supramolecular chemistry refers to an area of chemistry that specializes ... contrast, researchers in supramolecular chemistry examine the weaker and ...20 KB (2,678 words) - 17:36, 23 October 2022
- Nd,Y)PO4, which contains up to 0.03 percent of terbium), xenotime (YPO4) and ... == History == Terbium was discovered in 1843 by Swedish chemist Carl ...9 KB (1,141 words) - 03:47, 30 April 2023
- Europium (chemical symbol Eu, atomic number 63) is the most reactive ... has also been identified in the spectra of the Sun and certain stars. ...10 KB (1,254 words) - 04:34, 23 March 2024
- Boyle's law (sometimes called the Boyle-Mariotte law) is one ... == Statement of Boyle's law == Boyle's law can be stated ...8 KB (1,241 words) - 14:53, 28 April 2020
- quot; that would lead to the development of nutrition as a science. His ... before earning a doctorate in organic chemistry at the University of Gottingen ...8 KB (1,193 words) - 20:03, 9 February 2023
- and thorium ores. Although many isotopes of this element have been produced ... == History == This element, which was named for France, was the last ...6 KB (795 words) - 04:56, 9 April 2024
- insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, redolent of ... == History == The name toluene was derived from the older name toluol ...10 KB (1,406 words) - 03:55, 1 May 2023
- has several uses, particularly in the form of the isotope 241Am. For instance ... == History == Americium was first isolated by Glenn T. Seaborg, Leon ...9 KB (1,328 words) - 06:50, 25 July 2023
- with yttrium. It is the heaviest and hardest of the rare earth elements. ... other elements. Consequently, it is also one of the most expensive metals, ...11 KB (1,371 words) - 03:06, 5 November 2022
- == History == pure form until after the development of ion exchange and metallographic ...10 KB (1,193 words) - 17:27, 12 February 2024
- neutrons and was discovered in the debris of the first hydrogen bomb test ... == History == Einsteinium was named after Albert Einstein. It was first ...7 KB (940 words) - 00:06, 13 February 2024
- of the actinide series, mendelevium is synthesized by bombarding einsteinium ... == History == Mendelevium was named after Dmitri Mendeleev (surname ...6 KB (778 words) - 04:30, 9 November 2022
- It is of interest mainly for research purposes, and no practical applications ... Sikkeland in April 1958 at the University of California, Berkeley. The team ...7 KB (962 words) - 02:34, 16 November 2022
- Berkeley, California and the University of California, Berkeley. Berkelium ... and Kenneth Street, Jr., at the University of California, Berkeley in December ...7 KB (911 words) - 11:01, 28 September 2023
- In chemistry, isomers are molecules that share the same chemical formula ... == History == Isomerism was first noticed in 1827, when Friedrich Woehler ...14 KB (2,096 words) - 05:56, 11 March 2024
- 13, 1896) was a German organic chemist. One of the most prominent organic ... * Von Meyer, Ernst. 1906. A History of Chemistry, tr. George McGowan ...9 KB (1,392 words) - 18:28, 21 August 2023
- It is based on the explosive potential of nitroglycerin, with diatomaceous ... to promote peace and science for the benefit of mankind. ...6 KB (937 words) - 01:17, 16 January 2023
- A chemical element, often called simply element, is the class of atoms ... periodic table itself shows two main types of elements, metals and non-metals ...10 KB (1,624 words) - 14:39, 5 December 2023
- A bleach is a chemical that can remove or lighten the color of an ... is often a preliminary step in the process of dyeing. == History == ...7 KB (964 words) - 18:12, 31 October 2023
- of the actinide series, it is made by bombarding plutonium with neutrons ... == History == Fermium was named after nuclear physicist Enrico Fermi ...7 KB (998 words) - 17:26, 26 March 2024
- certain steels. Natural ytterbium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. ... have simplified separation. Known compounds of ytterbium are rare—they haven ...11 KB (1,375 words) - 21:33, 4 June 2023
- is a bright silvery metal that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... monazite, bastnasite and samarskite. Of these, monazite (in which it ...11 KB (1,437 words) - 02:07, 23 December 2022
- is C10H16O. It is found in the bark and wood of the camphor laurel tree and ... == Etymology and history == The word camphor derives from the French ...11 KB (1,519 words) - 18:58, 25 November 2023
- The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular display of ... == History == :Main article: History of the periodic table ...13 KB (1,942 words) - 00:40, 24 November 2022
- nature, it is found in the stings and bites of many insects of the order Hymenoptera ... == History and etymology == As early as the fifteenth century, some ...13 KB (1,811 words) - 06:35, 1 April 2024
- 61) is a metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... Promethium can be formed as a product of uranium fission. Only trace ...11 KB (1,429 words) - 23:55, 1 December 2022
- century have greatly brought down the cost of production of all rare-earth ... == History == Erbium (for Ytterby, a town in Sweden) was discovered ...11 KB (1,419 words) - 19:19, 13 February 2024
- A complex in chemistry usually is used to describe molecules or ensembles ... understood in any sense, since the beginning of chemistry. Examples include ...21 KB (3,125 words) - 00:21, 8 January 2024
- smell. It is the most common member of a class of chemical compounds ... , although there is no contemporary evidence of this. It was first synthesized ...13 KB (1,801 words) - 14:33, 29 January 2024
- chemist who contributed to the development of spectroscopy as a powerful ... * Von Meyer, Ernst. 1906. A History of Chemistry, tr. George McGowan ...8 KB (1,189 words) - 20:25, 11 August 2022
- a silvery metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... It constitutes about 38 parts per million (ppm) of the Earth’s crust. ...12 KB (1,578 words) - 16:18, 11 November 2022
- Protactinium (chemical symbol Pa, atomic number 91) is a member of ... The isotope protactinium-231 occurs in pitchblende to the extent of ...9 KB (1,150 words) - 08:16, 2 December 2022
- :For other meanings of the abbreviation Pr, see PR. number=59 | symbol ... silvery metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ...12 KB (1,535 words) - 22:14, 30 November 2022
- with other rare earth elements, it is one of the most reactive of the rare ... Lanthanum, its alloys, and its compounds have a wide range of applications ...11 KB (1,398 words) - 22:23, 22 October 2022
- and zirconium have nearly identical chemistry, which makes the two difficult ... == History == Hafnium (Latin Hafnia for "Copenhagen," the ...10 KB (1,277 words) - 16:40, 21 January 2024
- concentrations above 5.6 percent. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is ... used by the Nazi regime for the mass murder of Jews in the gas chambers of ...12 KB (1,685 words) - 13:19, 4 February 2023
- In thermodynamics and molecular chemistry, the enthalpy or heat content ... The term enthalpy was composed of the prefix en-, meaning to "put ...18 KB (2,941 words) - 18:57, 13 February 2024
- silvery white metallic element and a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... and solvent extraction, or by the reduction of its anhydrous fluoride with ...13 KB (1,750 words) - 07:39, 15 April 2024
- This chemical is used mostly as an intermediate in the production ... A minor but significant use of ethylene oxide is for the sterilization ...12 KB (1,739 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- The term acid rain is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic ... Rain acquires additional acidity through the reaction of air pollutants ...13 KB (1,971 words) - 07:41, 14 June 2023
- quot; element used in the production of the first high-temperature ... were found to have a relatively high content of yttrium. ...12 KB (1,634 words) - 21:34, 4 June 2023
- explosive and is used in the manufacture of dynamite, which in turn is ... == History == Nitroglycerin was discovered by chemist Ascanio Sobrero ...11 KB (1,527 words) - 02:27, 16 November 2022
- a silvery metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... Cerium, its alloys, and its compounds are valuable for a variety of ...15 KB (2,039 words) - 23:59, 3 December 2023
- minerals) and have a relatively low content of silica. The Earth's mantle ... Ultramafic rocks are generally composed of more than 90 percent mafic ...7 KB (892 words) - 01:30, 3 May 2023
- The atomic mass (ma) is the mass of a single atom, when the atom is ... In the history of chemistry, the first scientists to determine atomic ...13 KB (2,025 words) - 06:26, 21 August 2023
- 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science ... district near Uppsala, Sweden, the son of Svante Gustav and Carolina ...15 KB (2,260 words) - 00:32, 27 February 2023
- thought and work extended across physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy ... made significant contributions in the area of physical chemistry. Based on ...17 KB (2,500 words) - 10:38, 10 March 2023
- armaments manufacturer, and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, ... * Von Meyer, E. 1906. A History of Chemistry. London: MacMillan and Co. ...8 KB (1,208 words) - 18:04, 20 July 2023
- by isolating and identifying a host of new chemical elements, and ... * Von Meyer, E. 1906. A History of Chemistry. London: MacMillan and Co. ...12 KB (1,863 words) - 20:56, 9 February 2024
- specifically an aryl amine, consisting of a phenyl group attached to ... First, benzene is heated with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid ...13 KB (1,817 words) - 06:09, 28 July 2023
- best known as the primary ingredient of mothballs. Naphthalene is ... Trace amounts of naphthalene are produced by magnolias and certain ...13 KB (1,879 words) - 01:21, 11 November 2022
- the most universally recognized example of chirality: The left hand is ... In the context of chemistry, chirality usually refers to molecules ...24 KB (3,570 words) - 17:06, 10 December 2023
- of the actinide series. It is produced synthetically by bombarding ... Two isotopes of curium (curium-242 and curium-244) can be produced ...10 KB (1,354 words) - 06:46, 12 January 2024
- when released into air, due to refraction of light. At low concentrations ... (1790-1868) in 1812, by exposing a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine ...10 KB (1,416 words) - 22:44, 28 March 2023
- rare metal. Obtained as a byproduct of molybdenum refinement, it is ... This mineral, however, is not an economically viable source of the element. ...10 KB (1,384 words) - 20:01, 8 December 2022
- Centrifugation is a process that involves the use of the centrifugal ... acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density ...7 KB (963 words) - 23:56, 3 December 2023
- are regularly observed in the spectra of supernovae. == History == Californium was first synthesized by University of California ...11 KB (1,466 words) - 18:27, 25 November 2023
- mercury-vapor lamps. A radioactive isotope of scandium [Sc-46] is used as ... the only known concentrated sources of this element. It is also found ...12 KB (1,615 words) - 17:06, 25 January 2023
- proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of ... Protons are spin-1/2 fermions and are composed of three quarks, making ...10 KB (1,600 words) - 08:20, 2 December 2022
- gray metal. It was discovered in a variety of columbite (now called niobite ... often also contain tantalum. Large deposits of niobium have been found associated ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 04:59, 15 November 2022
- is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group. Rb ... and zinnwaldite, which contains traces of up to one percent of its oxide ...14 KB (1,892 words) - 20:57, 21 December 2022
- for extracting alkaloids (such as morphine) of pharmaceutical importance from ... == History == Chloroform was first prepared in July 1831, by the American ...14 KB (1,907 words) - 17:08, 10 December 2023
- is a silvery white, soft metal. It has one of the highest melting points ... free in nature. The main commercial source of molybdenum is the mineral molybdenite ...14 KB (1,925 words) - 19:51, 9 November 2022
- quot;) is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the ... The main use of chromatography is to purify a certain material from ...17 KB (2,480 words) - 21:51, 10 December 2023
- is a rare, hard, white metal. It is a member of the platinum group of elements ... platinum group metals in the Ural Mountains of western Russia and in parts ...13 KB (1,814 words) - 18:24, 22 December 2022
- silvery-white, inert metal. It is a member of the platinum group of elements ... it is a symbol of wealth and is occasionally used in the presentation ...13 KB (1,685 words) - 20:04, 8 December 2022
- A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond characterized by the sharing ... The electron pair interacts with the nuclei of both atoms, and this ...15 KB (2,401 words) - 06:13, 11 January 2024
- properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. It is ... The development of the germanium transistor opened the door to numerous ...13 KB (1,672 words) - 09:43, 5 December 2022
- for metalworking, and for the production of superalloys for jet engine ... Egypt, Canada, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria ...14 KB (1,813 words) - 03:03, 19 April 2023
- descendants, the Du Pont family, were one of America's richest and ... During its nearly 200 year history, Irénée du Pont's business ...10 KB (1,478 words) - 21:44, 29 December 2021
- slightly radioactive metal and is a member of the actinide series. It can ... as lead. Soil commonly contains an average of around 12 parts per million ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 23:00, 30 April 2023
- scale from natural gas and as a by-product of petroleum refining. The chief use of ethane is as a petrochemical feedstock for ethylene ...16 KB (2,309 words) - 01:40, 19 March 2022
- It is being used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long ... == History == Ethylene glycol was first prepared in 1859 by the French ...16 KB (2,258 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- alloyed with beryllium, it can be a source of neutrons. In addition, the ... abundance is approximately 0.2 percent that of radium. It has also been identified ...11 KB (1,554 words) - 08:39, 24 November 2022
- This metal is an important component of many alloys, including bronze ... with an abundance in the Earth's crust of about two parts per million ...16 KB (2,335 words) - 23:38, 30 April 2023
- and tasteless gas. It is the product of the incomplete combustion of ... technology, being a precursor to a myriad of useful—even life-saving—products ...20 KB (2,871 words) - 19:08, 26 November 2023
- who made important contributions to chemistry and physics and established ... At the same time, Boyle was convinced of the existence of God and ...20 KB (3,111 words) - 21:10, 16 April 2023
- is commonly regarded as the fundamental unit of counting and measurement. For ... known as the "identity element" of multiplication (or multiplicative ...16 KB (2,188 words) - 06:29, 13 June 2023
- extreme care. It has been used in a number of murders, earning the nickname ... for low-temperature measurements. Crystals of thallium bromide-iodide have ...13 KB (1,784 words) - 15:06, 30 April 2023
- and the first member of this group to be produced synthetically. Its ... Trace amounts of neptunium are found naturally as decay products from ...11 KB (1,451 words) - 16:21, 11 November 2022
- Its chemical properties are similar to those of zinc, and it is found in zinc ... plastics stabilizers, and many kinds of solder. In nuclear reactors ...16 KB (2,248 words) - 10:14, 25 November 2023
- noted for his contributions to physical chemistry and statistical mechanics ... Josiah Willard Gibbs was the only son and the fourth of five children ...19 KB (2,808 words) - 20:00, 7 September 2022
- Fiberglass or glass fiber is material made from extremely fine fibers ... Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation ...14 KB (2,135 words) - 17:33, 26 March 2024
- Under normal conditions of room temperature and pressure, it is a ... J. R. Partington, A Short History of Chemistry, 3rd ed. (New York: ...20 KB (2,927 words) - 02:28, 16 November 2022
- Saccharin is a synthetic organic compound that tastes hundreds of ... and so forth, which stimulate the sense of taste. However, sweet things ...13 KB (1,943 words) - 00:18, 22 August 2022
- Michael Faraday was one of the pioneers of modern electromagnetic ... It can also be argued that his discoveries resulted in some of the ...17 KB (2,503 words) - 16:54, 9 November 2022
