Difference between revisions of "Adenine" - New World Encyclopedia
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! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Adenine''' | ! colspan="2" align=center bgcolor="#cccccc" | '''Adenine''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | | Chemical name | |
| 9''H''-Purin-6-amine | | 9''H''-Purin-6-amine | ||
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| Line 11: | Line 11: | ||
| 6-aminopurine | | 6-aminopurine | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | Chemical formula |
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>5</sub> | | C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>5</sub> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | Molecular mass |
| 135.13 g/mol | | 135.13 g/mol | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | Melting point |
| 360 - 365 °C | | 360 - 365 °C | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | | + | | CAS number |
| 73-24-5 | | 73-24-5 | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | + | | SMILES | |
| NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 | | NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 | ||
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| − | '''Adenine''' is one of the two [[purine]] | + | '''Adenine''' is one of the two [[purine]] nucleobases used in forming [[nucleotide]]s of the nucleic acids [[DNA]] and [[RNA]]. In [[DNA]], the structure of adenine (A) allows it to bind to [[thymine]] (T) via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures and the formation of the double helix. In [[RNA]], adenine binds to [[uracil]] (U). Adenine and thymine, together with cytosine and guanine, the two [[pyrimidine]] nucleobases, are the four “letters” that code for cellular synthesis of amino acids, the buildng blocks of proteins. |
| − | In the | + | In other words, there are five major bases found in the DNA and RNA in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine (A) and guanine (G). The other three bases—thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil(U)—are derivatives of pyrimidine. Purines, from which adenine is derived, are found in plants and animals. Foods high in purines include organs such as liver, brains, and kidneys, and fish such as anchovies, herring and mackerel. |
| − | Adenine forms [[adenosine]], a | + | In the human body, adenine is synthesized in the liver. Biological systems tend to conserve energy, so usually adenine is obtained through the diet, the body degrading nucleic acid chains to obtain individual bases and reconstructing them through [[mitosis]]. The vitamin folic acid is essential for adenine synthesis. |
| + | |||
| + | Adenine forms [[adenosine]], a nucleoside, when attached to [[ribose]], and [[deoxyadenosine]] when attached to [[deoxyribose]]; it forms [[adenosine triphosphate]] (ATP), a [[nucleotide]], when three phosphate groups are added to [[adenosine]]. [[Adenosine triphosphate]] is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions. | ||
In older literature, adenine was sometimes called '''Vitamin B<small>4</small>'''. However it is no longer considered a true vitamin (see [[Vitamin B]]). | In older literature, adenine was sometimes called '''Vitamin B<small>4</small>'''. However it is no longer considered a true vitamin (see [[Vitamin B]]). | ||
Some think that, at the [[origin of life]] on Earth, the first adenine was formed by the polymerizing of five [[hydrogen cyanide]] (HCN) molecules. | Some think that, at the [[origin of life]] on Earth, the first adenine was formed by the polymerizing of five [[hydrogen cyanide]] (HCN) molecules. | ||
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{{Nucleic acids}} | {{Nucleic acids}} | ||
Revision as of 22:29, 17 January 2006
| Adenine | |
|---|---|
| Chemical name | 9H-Purin-6-amine |
| Alternate name | 6-aminopurine |
| Chemical formula | C5H5N5 |
| Molecular mass | 135.13 g/mol |
| Melting point | 360 - 365 °C |
| CAS number | 73-24-5 |
| SMILES | NC1=NC=NC2=C1N=CN2 |
| |
Adenine is one of the two purine nucleobases used in forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In DNA, the structure of adenine (A) allows it to bind to thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures and the formation of the double helix. In RNA, adenine binds to uracil (U). Adenine and thymine, together with cytosine and guanine, the two pyrimidine nucleobases, are the four “letters” that code for cellular synthesis of amino acids, the buildng blocks of proteins.
In other words, there are five major bases found in the DNA and RNA in cells. The derivatives of purine are called adenine (A) and guanine (G). The other three bases—thymine (T), cytosine (C), and uracil(U)—are derivatives of pyrimidine. Purines, from which adenine is derived, are found in plants and animals. Foods high in purines include organs such as liver, brains, and kidneys, and fish such as anchovies, herring and mackerel.
In the human body, adenine is synthesized in the liver. Biological systems tend to conserve energy, so usually adenine is obtained through the diet, the body degrading nucleic acid chains to obtain individual bases and reconstructing them through mitosis. The vitamin folic acid is essential for adenine synthesis.
Adenine forms adenosine, a nucleoside, when attached to ribose, and deoxyadenosine when attached to deoxyribose; it forms adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a nucleotide, when three phosphate groups are added to adenosine. Adenosine triphosphate is used in cellular metabolism as one of the basic methods of transferring chemical energy between reactions.
In older literature, adenine was sometimes called Vitamin B4. However it is no longer considered a true vitamin (see Vitamin B).
Some think that, at the origin of life on Earth, the first adenine was formed by the polymerizing of five hydrogen cyanide (HCN) molecules.
| Nucleic acids edit |
|---|
| Nucleobases: Adenine - Thymine - Uracil - Guanine - Cytosine - Purine - Pyrimidine |
| Nucleosides: Adenosine - Uridine - Guanosine - Cytidine - Deoxyadenosine - Thymidine - Deoxyguanosine - Deoxycytidine |
| Nucleotides: AMP - UMP - GMP - CMP - ADP - UDP - GDP - CDP - ATP - UTP - GTP - CTP - cAMP - cGMP |
| Deoxynucleotides: dAMP - dTMP - dUMP - dGMP - dCMP - dADP - dTDP - dUDP - dGDP - dCDP - dATP - dTTP - dUTP - dGTP - dCTP |
| Nucleic acids: DNA - RNA - LNA - PNA - mRNA - ncRNA - miRNA - rRNA - siRNA - tRNA - mtDNA - Oligonucleotide |
| Vitamins |
|---|
| All B vitamins | All D vitamins |
| Retinol (A) | Thiamine (B1) | Riboflavin (B2) | Niacin (B3) | Pantothenic acid (B5) | Pyridoxine (B6) | Biotin (B7) | Folic acid (B9) | Cyanocobalamin (B12) | Ascorbic acid (C) | Ergocalciferol (D2) | Cholecalciferol (D3) | Tocopherol (E) | Naphthoquinone (K) |
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