Henri Cartier-Bresson

FINISHED  Henri Cartier-Bress

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Henri Cartier-Bresson
File:Cartierbresson.jpg Master of the "Decisive Moment".
Born
August 22, 1908 Chanteloup-en-Brie, France
Died
August 3 2004 Céreste, France

Henri Cartier-Bresson (August 22, 1908 – August 3 2004) was a French photographer considered to be the father of modern photojournalism, an early adopter of 35 mm format, and the master of candid photography. He helped develop the "street photography" style that has influenced generations of photographers that followed.

Biography

Childhood

Cartier-Bresson was born in Chanteloup-en-Brie, near Paris, France, the eldest of five children. His father was a wealthy textile manufacturer whose Cartier-Bresson thread was a staple of French sewing kits. He also sketched in his spare time. His mother's family were cotton merchants and landowners from Normandy, where he spent part of his childhood. The Cartier-Bresson family lived in a bourgeois neighborhood in Paris, near the Europe Bridge, and provided him with financial support to develop his interests in photography in a more independent manner than many of his contemporaries.

As a young boy, Cartier-Bresson owned a Box Brownie, using it for taking holiday snapshots; he later experimented with a 3×4 inch view camera. He was raised in a traditional French bourgeois fashion, required to address his parents as vous rather than the familiar tu. His father assumed that his son would take up the family business, but Henri was headstrong and was appalled by this prospect.

The early years

Cartier-Bresson studied in Paris at the École Fénelon, a Catholic school. His uncle Louis, a gifted painter, introduced Cartier-Bresson to oil painting. "Painting has been my obsession from the time that my 'mythical father', my father's brother, led me into his studio during the Christmas holidays in 1913, when I was five years old. There I lived in the atmosphere of painting; I inhaled the canvases."^{[citation needed]} Uncle Louis' painting lessons were cut short, however, when he died in World War I.

In 1927, at the age of 19, Cartier-Bresson entered a private art school and the Lhote Academy, the Parisian studio of the Cubist painter and sculptor André Lhote. Lhote's ambition was to unify the Cubists' approach to reality with classical artistic forms, and to link the French classical tradition of Nicolas Poussin and Jacques-Louis David to Modernism. Cartier-Bresson also studied painting with society portraitist Jacques Émile Blanche. During this period he read Dostoevsky, Schopenhauer, Rimbaud, Nietzsche, Mallarmé, Freud, Proust, Joyce, Hegel, Engels and Marx. Lhote took his pupils to the Louvre to study classical artists and to Parisian galleries to study contemporary art. Cartier-Bresson's interest in modern art was combined with an admiration for the works of the Renaissance—of masterpieces from Jan van Eyck, Paolo Uccello, Masaccio and Piero della Francesca. Cartier-Bresson often regarded Lhote as his teacher of photography without a camera.

Although Cartier-Bresson gradually began to feel uncomfortable with Lhote's "rule-laden" approach to art, his rigorous theoretical training would later help him to confront and resolve problems of artistic form and composition in photography. In the 1920s, schools of photographic realism were popping up throughout Europe, but each had a different view on the direction photography should take. The photography revolution had begun: "Crush tradition! Photograph things as they are!"^{[citation needed]} The Surrealist movement (founded in 1924) was a catalyst for this paradigm shift. While still studying at Lhote's studio, Cartier-Bresson began socializing with the Surrealists at the Café Cyrano, in the Place Blanche. He met a number of the movement's leading protagonists, and was particularly drawn to the Surrealist movement of linking the subconscious and the immediate to their work. Peter Galassi explains:

The Surrealists approached photography in the same way that Aragon and Breton...approached the street: with a voracious appetite for the usual and unusual...The Surrealists recognized in plain photographic fact an essential quality that had been excluded from prior theories of photographic realism. They saw that ordinary photographs, especially when uprooted from their practical functions, contain a wealth of unintended, unpredictable meanings.

Cartier-Bresson matured artistically in this stormy cultural and political environment. He was aware of the concepts and theories mentioned but could not find a way of expressing this imaginatively in his paintings. He was very frustrated with his experiments and subsequently destroyed the majority of his early works.

From 1928 to 1929, Cartier-Bresson attended the University of Cambridge studying English art and literature and became bilingual. In 1930, he did his mandatory service in the French Army stationed at Le Bourget, near Paris. He remembered, "And I had quite a hard time of it, too, because I was toting Joyce under my arm and a Lebel rifle on my shoulder."^{[citation needed]}

In 1931, once out of the Army and after having read Conrad's Heart of Darkness, Cartier-Bresson sought adventure on the Côte d'Ivoire, within French colonial Africa. He wrote, "I left Lhote's studio because I did not want to enter into that systematic spirit. I wanted to be myself. To paint and to change the world counted for more than everything in my life."^{[citation needed]} He survived by shooting game and selling it to local villagers. From hunting, he learned methods that he would later use in his photography techniques. It was there on the Côte d'Ivoire that he contracted blackwater fever, which nearly killed him. While still feverish he sent instructions for his own funeral, writing his grandfather and asking to be buried in Normandie, at the edge of the Eawy forest while Debussy's String Quartet played. An uncle wrote back, "Your grandfather finds all that too expensive. It would be preferable that you return first."^{[citation needed]} Although Cartier-Bresson took a portable camera (smaller than a Brownie Box) to Côte d'Ivoire, only seven photographs survived the tropics.

Returning to France, Cartier-Bresson recuperated in Marseille in 1931 and deepened his relationship with the Surrealists. He became inspired by a 1931 photograph by Hungarian photojournalist Martin Munkacsi showing three naked young African boys, caught in near-silhouette, running into the surf of Lake Tanganyika. Titled Three Boys at Lake Tanganyika, this captured the freedom, grace and spontaneity of their movement and their joy at being alive. Cartier-Bresson said:

"The only thing which completely was an amazement to me and brought me to photography was the work of Munkacsi. When I saw the photograph of Munkacsi of the black kids running in a wave I couldn't believe such a thing could be caught with the camera. I said damn it, I took my camera and went out into the street."^{[citation needed]}

The photograph inspired him to stop painting and to take up photography seriously. He explained, "I suddenly understood that a photograph could fix eternity in an instant."^{[citation needed]} He acquired the Leica camera with 50 mm lens in Marseilles that would accompany him for many years. He described the Leica as an extension of his eye.^{[citation needed]} The anonymity that the small camera gave him in a crowd or during an intimate moment was essential in overcoming the formal and unnatural behavior of those who were aware of being photographed. The Leica opened up new possibilities in photography — the ability to capture the world in its actual state of movement and transformation. He said, "I prowled the streets all day, feeling very strung-up and ready to pounce, ready to 'trap' life."^{[citation needed]} Restless, he photographed in Berlin, Brussels, Warsaw, Prague, Budapest and Madrid. His photographs were first exhibited at the Julien Levy Gallery in New York in 1932, and subsequently at the Ateneo Club in Madrid. In 1934 in Mexico, he shared an exhibition with Manuel Alvarez Bravo. In the beginning, he did not photograph much in his native France. It would be years before he photographed there extensively.

In 1934 Cartier-Bresson met a young Polish intellectual, a photographer named David Szymin who was called "Chim" because his name was difficult to pronounce. Szymin later changed his name to David Seymour. The two had much in common culturally. Through Chim, Cartier-Bresson met Hungarian photographer Endré Friedmann, who later changed his name to Robert Capa. The three shared a studio in the early 1930s and Capa mentored Cartier-Bresson, "Don't keep the label of a surrealist photographer. Be a photojournalist. If not you will fall into mannerism. Keep surrealism in your little heart, my dear. Don't fidget. Get moving!"^{[citation needed]}

The middle years

Cartier-Bresson traveled to America in 1935 with an invitation to exhibit his work at New York's Julien Levy Gallery. He shared display space with fellow photographers Walker Evans and Manuel Alvarez Bravo. Carmel Snow of Harper's Bazaar, gave him a fashion assignment, but he fared poorly since he had no idea how to direct or interact with the models. Nevertheless, Snow was the first American editor to publish Cartier-Bresson's photographs in a magazine. While in New York, he met photographer Paul Strand, who did camerawork for the Depression-era documentary The Plow That Broke the Plains. When he returned to France, Cartier-Bresson applied for a job with renowned French film director Jean Renoir. He acted in Renoir's 1936 film Partie de campagne and in the 1939 La Règle du jeu, for which he played a butler and served as second assistant. Renoir made Cartier-Bresson act so he could understand how it felt to be on the other side of the camera. Cartier-Bresson also helped Renoir make a film for the Communist party on the 200 families, including his own, who ran France. During the Spanish civil war, Cartier-Bresson co-directed an anti-fascist film with Herbert Kline, to promote the Republican medical services.

Cartier-Bresson's first photojournalist photos to be published came in 1937 when he covered the coronation of King George VI, for the French weekly Regards. He focused on the new monarch's adoring subjects lining the London streets, and took no pictures of the king. His photo credit read "Cartier," as he was hesitant to use his full family name.

In 1937, Cartier-Bresson married a Javanese dancer, Ratna Mohini. They lived in a fourth-floor servants' flat at 19, rue Danielle Casanova, a large studio with a small bedroom, kitchen and bathroom where Cartier-Bresson developed film. Between 1937 and 1939 Cartier-Bresson worked as a photographer for the French Communists' evening paper, Ce Soir. With Chim and Capa, Cartier-Bresson was a leftist, but he did not join the French Communist party. He joined the French Army as a Corporal in the Film and Photo unit when World War II broke out in September 1939. During the Battle of France, in June 1940 at St. Dié in the Vosges Mountains, he was captured by German soldiers and spent 35 months in prisoner-of-war camps doing forced labor under the Nazis. As Cartier-Bresson put it, he was forced to perform "thirty-two different kinds of hard manual labor."^{[citation needed]} He worked "as slowly and as poorly as possible."^{[citation needed]} He twice tried and failed to escape from the prison camp, and was punished by solitary confinement. His third escape was successful and he hid on a farm in Touraine before getting false papers that allowed him to travel in France. In France, he worked for the underground, aiding other escapees and working secretly with other photographers to cover the Occupation and then the Liberation of France. In 1943, he dug up his beloved Leica camera, which he had buried in farmland near Vosges. By the time of the armistice, he was asked by the American Office of War Information to make a documentary, Le Retour (The Return) about returning French prisoners and displaced persons.

Towards the end of the War, rumors had reached America that Cartier-Bresson had been killed. His film on returning war refugees (released in the United States in 1947) spurred a retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) instead of the posthumous show that MoMA had been preparing. The show debuted in 1947 together with the publication of his first book, The Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson. Lincoln Kirstein and Beaumont Newhall wrote the book's text.

Formation of Magnum Photos

In spring 1947, Cartier-Bresson, with Robert Capa, David "Chim" Seymour, William "Bill" Vandivert, and George Rodger founded Magnum Photos. Capa's brainchild, Magnum was a cooperative picture agency owned by its members. The team split photo assignments among the members. Rodger, who had quit Life in London after covering World War II, would cover Africa and the Middle East. Chim, who spoke most European languages, would work in Europe. Cartier-Bresson would be assigned to India and China. Vandivert, who had also left Life, would work in America, and Capa would work anywhere that had an assignment. Maria Eisner managed the Paris office and Rita Vandivert, Vandivert's wife, managed the New York office and became Magnum's first president.

Magnum's mission was to "feel the pulse" of the times and some of its first projects were People Live Everywhere, Youth of the World, Women of the World and The Child Generation. Magnum aimed to use photography in the service of humanity, and provided arresting, widely viewed images.

The Decisive Moment

File:Bookcover hcb decisivemoment.jpg

Cartier-Bresson's, The Decisive Moment, the 1952 US edition of Images à la sauvette. The book contains the term "the decisive moment" now synonymous with Cartier-Bresson: "There is nothing in this world that does not have a decisive moment."

Cartier-Bresson achieved international recognition for his coverage of Gandhi's funeral in India in 1948 and the last (1949) stage of the Chinese Civil War. He covered the last six months of the Kuomintang administration and the first six months of the Maoist People's Republic. He also photographed the last surviving Imperial eunuchs in Beijing, as the city was falling to the communists. From China, he went on to Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia), where he documented the gaining of independence from the Dutch.

In 1952, Cartier-Bresson published his book Images à la sauvette, whose English edition was titled The Decisive Moment. It included a portfolio of 126 of his photos from the East and the West. The book's cover was drawn by Henri Matisse. For his 4,500-word philosophical preface, Cartier-Bresson took his keynote text from the 17th century Cardinal de Retz: "Il n'y a rien dans ce monde qui n'ait un moment decisif" ("There is nothing in this world that does not have a decisive moment"). Cartier-Bresson applied this to his photographic style. He said: "To me, photography is the simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as of a precise organization of forms that give that event its proper expression."^{[citation needed]}

Both titles came from publishers. Tériade, the Greek-born French publisher whom Cartier-Bresson idolized, gave the book its French title, Images à la Sauvette, which can loosely be translated as "images on the run" or "stolen images." Dick Simon of Simon & Schuster came up with the English title The Decisive Moment. Margot Shore, Magnum's Paris bureau chief, did the English translation of Cartier-Bresson's French preface.

"Photography is not like painting," Cartier-Bresson told the Washington Post in 1957. "There is a creative fraction of a second when you are taking a picture. Your eye must see a composition or an expression that life itself offers you, and you must know with intuition when to click the camera. That is the moment the photographer is creative," he said. "Oop! The Moment! Once you miss it, it is gone forever."^{[citation needed]}

Cartier-Bresson held his first exhibition in France at the Pavillon de Marsan in the Louvre in 1955.

Later years

Cartier-Bresson's photography took him many places on the globe – China, Mexico, Canada, the United States, India, Japan, Soviet Union and many other countries. He became the first Western photographer to photograph "freely" in the post-war Soviet Union. In 1968, he began to turn away from photography and return to his passion for drawing and painting. Cartier-Bresson withdrew as a principal of Magnum (which still distributed his photographs) in 1966 to concentrate on portraiture and landscapes. In 1967, he was divorced from his first wife, Ratna "Elie". He married photographer Martine Franck, thirty years younger than himself, in 1970. The couple had a daughter, Mélanie, in May 1972.

Cartier-Bresson retired from photography in the early 1970s and by 1975 no longer took pictures other than an occasional private portrait; he said he kept his camera in a safe at his house and rarely took it out. He returned to drawing and painting. After a lifetime of developing his artistic vision through photography, he said, "All I care about these days is painting — photography has never been more than a way into painting, a sort of instant drawing."^{[citation needed]} He held his first exhibition of drawings at the Carlton Gallery in New York in 1975.

The Henri Cartier-Bresson Foundation was created by Cartier-Bresson, his wife and daughter in 2002, to preserve and share his legacy.

Death and legacy

Cartier-Bresson died in Céreste (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France) in 2004, at 95. No cause of death was announced. He was buried in the Cimetière de Montjustin, Alpes de Haute Provence, France. He was survived by his wife, Martine Franck, and daughter, Mélanie.

Cartier-Bresson spent more than three decades on assignment for Life and other journals. He traveled without bounds, documenting some of the great upheavals of the 20th century — the Spanish civil war, the liberation of Paris in 1945, the 1968 student rebellion in Paris, the fall of the Kuomintang in China to the communists, the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi, the Berlin Wall, and the deserts of Egypt. And along the way he paused to document portraits of Sartre, Picasso, Colette, Matisse, Pound and Giacometti.

Cartier-Bresson was a photographer who hated to be photographed and treasured his privacy above all. Photographs of Cartier-Bresson do exist, but they are scant. When he accepted an honorary degree from Oxford University in 1975, he held a paper in front of his face to avoid being photographed.^{[citation needed]}

Cartier-Bresson believed that what went on beneath the surface was nobody's business but his own. He did recall^{[citation needed]} that he once confided his innermost secrets to a Paris taxi driver, certain that he would never meet the man again.

Technique

Cartier-Bresson exclusively used Leica 35 mm rangefinder cameras equipped with normal 50 mm lenses or occasionally a wide-angle for landscapes.^{[citation needed]} He often wrapped black tape around the camera's chrome body to make it less conspicuous. With fast black and white films and sharp lenses, he was able to photograph almost by stealth to capture the events. No longer bound by a huge 4×5 press camera or an awkward two and a quarter inch twin-lens reflex camera, miniature-format cameras gave Cartier-Bresson what he called "the velvet hand [and] the hawk's eye."^{[citation needed]} He never photographed with flash, a practice he saw as "[i]mpolite...like coming to a concert with a pistol in your hand."^{[citation needed]} He believed in composing his photographs in his camera and not in the darkroom, showcasing this belief by having nearly all his photographs printed only at full-frame and completely free of any cropping or other darkroom manipulation — indeed, he emphasized that the entire negative had been used by extending the area reproduced on the print to include a thick black border around the frame.

Cartier-Bresson worked exclusively in black and white, other than a few unsuccessful attempts in color. He never developed or made his own prints.^{[citation needed]} He said: "I've never been interested in the process of photography, never, never. Right from the beginning. For me, photography with a small camera like the Leica is an instant drawing."^{[citation needed]}

Cartier-Bresson is regarded as one of the art world's most unassuming personalities. He disliked publicity and exhibited a ferocious shyness since his days in hiding from the Nazis during World War II. Although he took many famous portraits, his own face was little known to the world at large (which presumably had the advantage of allowing him to work on the street in peace). He dismissed others' applications of the term "art" to his photographs, which he thought were merely his gut reactions to moments in time that he had happened upon.

Quotation

"The simultaneous recognition, in a fraction of a second, of the significance of an event as well as the precise organization of forms which gives that event its proper expression... . In photography, the smallest thing can be a great subject. The little human detail can become a leitmotif." — Henri Cartier-Bresson

Works

Bibliography

• 1947: The Photographs of Henri Cartier-Bresson. Text by Lincoln Kirstein, Museum of Modern Art, New York.

• 1952: The Decisive Moment. Texts and photographs by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Cover by Henri Matisse. Simon & Schuster, New York. French edition

• 1954: Les Danses à Bali. Texts by Antonin Artaud on Balinese theater and commentary by Béryl de Zoete Delpire, Paris. German edition

• 1955: The Europeans. Text and photographs by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Cover by Joan Miro. Simon & Schuster, New York. French edition

• 1955: People of Moscow. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German and Italian editions

• 1956: China in Transition. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German and Italian editions

• 1958: Henri Cartier-Bresson: Fotografie. Text by Anna Farova. Statni nakladatelstvi krasné, Prague and Bratislava.

• 1963: Photographs by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Grossman Publisher, New York. French, English, Japanese and Swiss editions

• 1964: China. Photographs and notes on fifteen months spent in China. Text by Barbara Miller. Bantam Books, New York. French edition

• 1966: Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Artless Art. Text by Jean-Pierre Montier. Translated from the French L'Art sans art d'Henri Cartier-Bresson by Ruth Taylor. Bulfinch Press, New York.

• 1968: The World of HCB. Viking Press, New York. French, German and Swiss editions

• 1969: Man and Machine. Commissioned by IBM. French, German, Italian and Spanish editions

• 1970: France. Text by François Nourissier. Thames and Hudson, London. French and German editions

• 1972: The Face of Asia. Introduction by Robert Shaplen. Published by John Weatherhill (New York and Tokyo) and Orientations Ltd. (Hong Kong). French edition

• 1973: About Russia. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German and Swiss editions

• 1976: Henri Cartier-Bresson. Texts by Henri Cartier-Bresson. History of Photography Series. History of Photography Series. French, German, Italian, Japanese and Italian editions

• 1979: Henri Cartier-Bresson Photographer. Text by Yves Bonnefoy. Bulfinch, New York. French, English, German, Japanese and Italian editions

• 1983: Henri Cartier-Bresson. Ritratti. Texts by André Pieyre de Mandiargues and Ferdinando Scianna. Coll. " I Grandi Fotografi ". Gruppo Editoriale Fabbri, Milan. English and Spanish editions

• 1985:
  • Henri Cartier-Bresson en Inde. Introduction de Satyajit Ray, photographies et notes d'Henri Cartier-Bresson. Texte d'Yves Véquaud. Centre National de la Photographie, Paris. Editions anglaise
  • Photoportraits. Texts by André Pieyre de Mandiargues. Thames and Hudson, London. French and German editions

• 1987:
  • Henri Cartier-Bresson. The Early Work. Texts by Peter Galassi. Museum of Modern Art, New York. French edition
  • Henri Cartier-Bresson in India. Introduction by Satyajit Ray, photographs and notes by Henri Cartier-Bresson, texts by Yves Véquaud. Thames and Hudson, London. French edition

• 1989:
  • L'Autre Chine. Introduction by Robert Guillain. Collection Photo Notes. Centre National de la Photographie, Paris
  • Line by Line. Henri Cartier-Bresson’s drawings. Introduction by Jean Clair and John Russell. Thames and Hudson, London. French and German editions

• 1991:
  • America in Passing. Introduction by Gilles Mora. Bulfinch, New York. French, English, German, Italian, Portuguese and Danish editions
  • Alberto Giacometti photographié par Henri Cartier-Bresson. Texts by Henri Cartier-Bresson and Louis Clayeux. Franco Sciardelli, Milan

• 1994:
  • A propos de Paris. Texts by Véra Feyder and André Pieyre de Mandiargues. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German and Japanese editions
  • Double regard. Drawings and photographs. Texts by Jean Leymarie. Amiens : Le Nyctalope. French and English editions
  • Mexican Notebooks 1934–1964. Text by Carlos Fuentes. Thames and Hudson, London. French, Italian, and German editions
  • L'Art sans art. Texte de Jean-Pierre Montier. Editions Flammarion, Paris. Editions allemande, anglaise et italienne

• 1996: L'Imaginaire d'après nature. Textes de Henri Cartier-Bresson. Fata Morgana, Paris. Editions allemande et américaine

• 1997: Europeans. Texts by Jean Clair. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German, Italian and Portuguese editions

• 1998: Tête à tête. Texts by Ernst H. Gombrich. Thames & Hudson, London. French, German, Italian and Portuguese editions

• 1999: The Mind's Eye. Texts by Henri Cartier-Bresson. Aperture, New York. French and German editions

• 2001: Landscape Townscape. Texts by Erik Orsenna and Gérard Macé. Thames and Hudson, London. French, German and Italian editions

• 2003: The Man, the Image and the World. Texts by Philippe Arbaizar, Jean Clair, Claude Cookman, Robert Delpire, Jean Leymarie, Jean-Noel Jeanneney, Serge Toubiana. Thames and Hudson, London 2003. German, French, Korean, Italian and Spanish editions.

• 2006: An Inner SIlence: The portraits of Henri Cartier-Bresson, Texts by Agnès Sire and Jean-Luc Nancy. Thames and Hudson, New York.

Filmography

Films directed by Henri Cartier-Bresson

Henri Cartier-Bresson was second assistant director to Jean Renoir in 1936 for La vie est à nous and Une partie de campagne, and in 1939 for La Règle du Jeu.

• 1937–Victoire de la vie. Documentary on the hospitals of Republican Spain: Running time: 49 minutes. Black and white.
• 1938–L’Espagne Vivra. Documentary on the Spanish Civil War and the post-war period. Running time: 43 minutes and 32 seconds. Black and white.
• 1944–45 Le Retour. Documentary on prisoners of war and detainees. Running time: 32 minutes and 37 seconds. Black and white.
• 1969–70 Impressions of California. Running time: 23 minutes and 20 seconds. Color.
• 1969–70 Southern Exposures. Running time: 22 minutes and 25 seconds. Color.

Films compiled from photographs by Henri Cartier-Bresson

• 1956–A Travers le Monde avec Henri Cartier-Bresson. Directed by Jean-Marie Drot and Henri Cartier-Bresson. Running time: 21 minutes. Black and white.
• 1963–Midlands at Play and at Work. Produced by ABC Television, London. Running time : 19 minutes. Black and white.
• 1963–65 Five fifteen-minute films on Germany for the Süddeutscher Rundfunk, Munich.
• 1967–Flagrants délits. Directed by Robert Delpire. Original music score by Diego Masson. Delpire production, Paris. Running time: 22 minutes. Black and white.
• 1969–Québec vu par Cartier-Bresson / Le Québec as seen by Cartier-Bresson. Directed by Wolff Kœnig. Produced by the Canadian Film Board. Running time: 10 minutes. Black and white.
• 1970–Images de France.
• 1991–Contre l'oubli : Lettre à Mamadou Bâ, Mauritanie. Short film directed by Martine Franck for Amnesty International. Editing : Roger Ikhlef. Running time: 3 minutes. Black and white.
• 1992–Henri Cartier-Bresson dessins et photos. Director: Annick Alexandre. Short film produced by FR3 Dijon, commentary by the artist. Running time: 2 minutes and 33 seconds. Color.
• 1997–Série "100 photos du siècle": L'Araignée d'amour: broadcast by Arte. Produced by Capa Télévision. Running time: 6 minutes and 15 seconds. Color.

Films about Cartier-Bresson

• Henri Cartier-Bresson: The Impassioned Eye (72 mins, 2006. Late interviews with Cartier-Bresson.)

Exhibitions

Public collections of Henri Cartier-Bresson's works

• Bibliothèque Nationale de France, Paris, France
• De Menil Collection, Houston, Texas, USA
• University of Fine Arts, Osaka, Japan
• Victoria and Albert Museum, London, United Kingdom
• Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris, France
• Musée Carnavalet, Paris, France
• Museum of Modern Art, New York, USA
• The Art Institute of Chicago, Illinois, USA
• The Getty Museum, Los Angeles, California, USA
• Institute for Contemporary Photography, New York, USA
• The Philadelphia Art Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvannia, USA
• The Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, USA
• Kahitsukan Kyoto Museum of Contemporary Art, Kyoto, Japan
• Museum of Modern Art, Tel Aviv, Israel
• Stockholm Modern Museet, Sweden

Exhibitions of Henri Cartier-Bresson's works

• 1933 Cercle Atheneo, Madrid, Spain
• 1933 Julien Levy Gallery, New York, U.S.A.
• 1934 Palacio de Bellas Artes, Mexico (with Manuel Alvarez Bravo)
• 1947 Museum of Modern Art, New York, U.S.A. Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany; Museum of Modern Art, Rome, Italy; Dean Gallery, Edinburgh, UK; Museum of Modern Art, New York, U.S.A.; Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
• 1952 Institute of Contemporary Art, London, UK
• 1955 Retrospektive – Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris, France
• 1956 Photokina, Cologne, Germany
• 1963 Photokina, Cologne, Germany
• 1964 Philipps Collection, Washington
• 1965–1967 2nd retrospective, Tokyo, Japan, Musée des Arts décoratifs, Paris, France, New York, U.S.A., London, UK, Amsterdam, Netherlands, Rome, Italy, Zurich, Switzerland, Cologne, Germany and other cities.
• 1970 En France – Grande Palais, Paris. Later in the U.S.A., USSR, Australia and Japan
• 1974 Exhibition about the USSR, International Center of Photography, New York, U.S.A.
• 1974–1997 Galerie Claude Bernard, Paris, France
• 1975 Carlton Gallery, New York, U.S.A,
• 1975 Galerie Bischofberger, Zurich, Switzerland
• 1980 Portraits – Galerie Eric Franck, Geneve, Switzerland
• 1981 Musée d'Art moderne de la Villa de Paris, France
• 1981 Retrospective – Musée d'Art de la Ville en France
• 1982 Hommage a Henri Cartier-Bresson – Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France
• 1983 Printemps Ginza – Tokyo, Japan
• 1984 Osaka University of Arts, Japan
• 1984–1985 Paris à vue d’oil – Musée Carnavalet, Paris, France
• 1985 Henri Cartier. Bresson en Inde – Centre National de la Photographie, Palais de Tokyo, Paris, France
• 1985 Museo de Arte Moderno de México, Mexico
• 1986 L'Institute français de Stockholm
• 1986 Pavillon d'Arte contemporanea, Milan, Italy
• 1986 Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
• 1987 Museum of Modern Art, Oxford, UK (drawings and photography)
• 1987 Early Photographs – Museum of Modern Art, New York, U.S.A.
• 1988 Institute français, Athen, Greece
• 1988 Palais Lichtenstein, Vienna, Austria
• 1988 Salzburger Landessammlung, Austria
• 1989 Chapelle de l'École des Beaux-Arts, Paris, France
• 1989 Fondation Pierre Gianadda, Martigny, Switzerland (drawings and photographs)
• 1989 Mannheimer Kunstverein, Mannheim, Germany (drawings and photography)
• 1989 Printemps Ginza, Tokyo, Japan
• 1990 Galerie Arnold Herstand, New York, U.S.A.
• 1991 Taipei Fine Arts Museum, Taiwan (drawings and photographs)
• 1992 Centro de Exposiciones, Saragossa and Logrono, Spain
• 1992 Hommage à Henri Cartier-Bresson – International Center of Photography, New York, U.S.A.
• 1992 L'Amérique – FNAC, Paris, France
• 1992 Musée de Noyers-sur-Serein, France
• 1992 Palazzo San Vitale, Parma, Italy
• 1993 Photo Dessin – Dessin Photo, Arles, France
• 1994 Dessins e première photos – La Caridad, Barcelona, Spain
• 1995 Dessins e Hommage à Henri Cartier-Bresson – CRAG Centre Régional d’Art Contemporain Valence, Drome, France
• 1996 Henri Cartier-Bresson: Pen brush and Cameras – The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, U.S.A.
• 1997 De Européenne – Maison Européenne de la Photographie, Paris, France
• 1997 Henri Cartier-Bresson, dessins – Musée des Beaux-Arts, Montreal, Canada
• 1998 Galerie Beyeler, Basel, Switzerland
• 1998 Galerie Löhrl, Mönchengladbach, Germany
• 1998 Howard Greenberggh Gallery, New York, U.S.A.
• 1998 Kunsthaus Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
• 1998 Kunstverein für die Rheinlande und Westfalen, Düsseldorf, Germany
• 1998 Line by Line – Royal College of Art, London, UK
• 1998 Tete à Tete – National Portrait Gallery, London, UK
• 1998–1999 Photographien und Zeichnungen - Baukunst Galerie, Cologne, Germany
• 2003–2005 Retrospective, Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, France; La Caixa, Barcelona, Spain; Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin, Germany; Museum of Modern Art, Rome, Italy; Dean Gallery, Edinburgh, UK; Museum of Modern Art, New York, U.S.A.; Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Santiago, Chile
• 2004 Baukunst Galerie, Cologne
• 2004 Martin-Gropius-Bau, Berlin
• 2004 Museum Ludwig, Cologne

Notable portrait subjects

• Balthus
• Simone de Beauvoir
• Albert Camus
• Truman Capote
• Coco Chanel
• Marcel Duchamp
• William Faulkner
• Mahatma Gandhi
• John Huston
• Martin Luther King, Jr
• Henri Matisse
• Marilyn Monroe
• Richard Nixon
• Robert Oppenheimer
• Jean-Paul Sartre
• Igor Stravinsky

Awards

Cartier-Bresson is the recipient of many of prizes, awards and honorary doctorates. A partial listing of his awards:

• 1948: Overseas Press Club of America Award
• 1953: The A.S.M.P. Award
• 1954: Overseas Press Club of America Award
• 1959: The Prix de la Société Française de Photographie
• 1960: Overseas Press Club of America Award
• 1964: Overseas Press Club of America Award
• 1974: The Culture Prize, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photographie
• 1981: Grand Prix National de la Photographie
• 1982: Hasselblad Award
• 2006: Prix Nadar for the photobook Henri Cartier-Bresson: Scrapbook

See also

On Wikipedia

• Photojournalism
• Magnum Photos

Notes

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Assouline, P. (2005). Henri Cartier-Bresson: A Biography. London: Thames & Hudson.
• Montier, J. (1996). Portrait: First Sketch. Henri Cartier-Bresson and the Artless Art (p. 12). New York: Bulfinch Press.

External links

• Fondation Henri Cartier-Bresson
• His page on Magnum Photos' Web Site
• Henri Cartier-Bresson's biographic sketch at Find A Grave
• Tête à Tête: Portraits by Henri Cartier-Bresson at the National Portrait Gallery, Washington DC
• Tête à Tête: Special Feature by Washington Post of the Exhibition by Henri Cartier-Bresson
• Henri Cartier-Bresson at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City
• Cartier-Bresson's Impact On Photojournalism
• Henri Cartier-Bresson / When Photography Becomes Art (dutch)
• Henri Cartier-Bresson - His LIfe, 50 Photos
• List of links concerning HCB on ArtCyclopedia
• Video interview with Charlie Rose, July 6, 2000