Difference between revisions of "Pope Evaristus" - New World Encyclopedia
m (→References) |
Rosie Tanabe (talk | contribs) |
||
| (25 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
| + | {{Images OK}}{{submitted}}{{approved}}{{copyedited}} | ||
{{Infobox Pope| | {{Infobox Pope| | ||
| − | English name=Evaristus| | + | English name=Saint Evaristus| |
image=[[Image:Evaristus.jpg|150px]]| | image=[[Image:Evaristus.jpg|150px]]| | ||
birth_name=Evaristus or Aristus| | birth_name=Evaristus or Aristus| | ||
| Line 7: | Line 8: | ||
predecessor=[[Pope Clement I|Clement I]]| | predecessor=[[Pope Clement I|Clement I]]| | ||
successor=[[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]| | successor=[[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]| | ||
| − | birth_date=1st century | + | birth_date=1st century C.E.| |
| − | birthplace=Bethlehem | + | birthplace=[[Bethlehem]]| |
dead=dead|death_date=c. 107| | dead=dead|death_date=c. 107| | ||
deathplace=[[Rome]]|}} | deathplace=[[Rome]]|}} | ||
| − | '''Pope Saint Evaristus''' was the fifth [[bishop of Rome]], holding office from c. 99 to 107-108 | + | '''Pope Saint Evaristus''' was the fifth [[bishop of Rome]], probably holding office from c. 99 to 107-108 C.E. He was also known as '''Aristus.''' Little is known about his reign with certainty. |
| − | According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'' | + | According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]],'' his father was a [[Greece|Hellenic]] [[Jew]] named [[Judah]] from [[Bethlehem]]. The fourth-century writer [[Eusebius]] says that Evaristus died in year 12 of the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Trajan]] (98-117) after holding the office of [[bishop]] for eight years. This means he was elected around the year 99. The ninth century's ''Liber Pontificalis,'' however, puts his [[episcopacy]] significantly earlier, relating that Evaristus was elected bishop at [[Rome]] during the reign of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Domitian]] (81-96 C.E.). Both Jews and [[Christians]] were heavily persecuted in this period, according the Christian tradition. |
| − | Evaristus reportedly | + | Evaristus reportedly followed [[Clement of Rome|Clement]] as the fourth successor of [[Saint Peter]]. However, contemporary scholars generally hold that a single bishop did not yet rule at Rome at this time, and the office of [[pope]] is therefore thought to be attributed to Evaristus and his colleagues retroactively by later writers. |
| + | {{toc}} | ||
| + | The ''Liber Pontificalis'' also reports that Evaristus divided Rome into several "titles" or [[parish]]es, assigning a [[priest]] to each, and that he also appointed seven [[deacons]] for the city. However, this, too, is thought to be anachronistic by both Catholic and secular scholars. | ||
| − | + | Evaristus reportedly died as a [[martyr]] and was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the [[Vatican]]. | |
| − | + | ==Legacy== | |
| + | Very little is known at all about Evaristus, and even less is known with certainty. However, the apparent fact that he was a [[Jew]] by birth shows that [[Jewish Christians]] still held a prominent place in the Christian church at Rome 70 years after [[Jesus]] and a generation after the destruction of [[Jerusalem]] in 70 C.E.. | ||
| − | + | Evaristus' death as a [[martyr]] continues a tradition which supposes that all the early popes were martyrs and [[saint]]s. However, in his case there is no confirmation of his death under persecution, and if he lived during Trajan's time rather than Domitian's, martyrdom would be unlikely. He is not listed as a martyr in current Catholic tradition. | |
| − | |||
| − | Two decretals were ascribed to | + | Two decretals were ascribed to Evaristus by [[Pseudo-Isidore]], but they are now considered to be forgeries. His feast occurs October 26. |
{{start}} | {{start}} | ||
| Line 35: | Line 38: | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | *Benedict XVI ''The Roman Martyrology'' Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743 | + | * Benedict XVI. ''The Roman Martyrology.'' Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743. |
| − | *Chapman, John. ''Studies on the Early Papacy''. Port Washington, | + | * Chapman, John. ''Studies on the Early Papacy''. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971. ISBN 9780804611398. |
| − | *Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. ''The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451''. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. | + | * Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. ''The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451''. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. ISBN 9781901157604. |
| − | *Jowett, George F. ''The Drama of the Lost Disciples''. London: Covenant Pub. Co, 1968. {{OCLC|7181392}} | + | * Jowett, George F. ''The Drama of the Lost Disciples''. London: Covenant Pub. Co, 1968. {{OCLC|7181392}} |
| − | * Loomis, Louise Ropes. ''The Book of Popes | + | * Loomis, Louise Ropes. ''The Book of Popes'' ''(Liber Pontificalis)''. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8. |
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| + | All links retrieved November 24, 2022. | ||
| + | |||
*[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Pope St. Evaristus''] | *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Pope St. Evaristus''] | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
*[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=633 Catholic Online - Saints & Angels: ''St. Evaristus''] | *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=633 Catholic Online - Saints & Angels: ''St. Evaristus''] | ||
{{Popes}} | {{Popes}} | ||
| − | |||
[[Category:philosophy and religion]] | [[Category:philosophy and religion]] | ||
[[Category:religion]] | [[Category:religion]] | ||
Latest revision as of 09:39, 24 November 2022
| Saint Evaristus | |
|---|---|
| |
| Birth name | Evaristus or Aristus |
| Papacy began | c. 99 |
| Papacy ended | c. 107 |
| Predecessor | Clement I |
| Successor | Alexander I |
| Born | 1st century C.E. Bethlehem |
| Died | c. 107 Rome |
Pope Saint Evaristus was the fifth bishop of Rome, probably holding office from c. 99 to 107-108 C.E. He was also known as Aristus. Little is known about his reign with certainty.
According to the Liber Pontificalis, his father was a Hellenic Jew named Judah from Bethlehem. The fourth-century writer Eusebius says that Evaristus died in year 12 of the reign of the Roman Emperor Trajan (98-117) after holding the office of bishop for eight years. This means he was elected around the year 99. The ninth century's Liber Pontificalis, however, puts his episcopacy significantly earlier, relating that Evaristus was elected bishop at Rome during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian (81-96 C.E.). Both Jews and Christians were heavily persecuted in this period, according the Christian tradition.
Evaristus reportedly followed Clement as the fourth successor of Saint Peter. However, contemporary scholars generally hold that a single bishop did not yet rule at Rome at this time, and the office of pope is therefore thought to be attributed to Evaristus and his colleagues retroactively by later writers.
The Liber Pontificalis also reports that Evaristus divided Rome into several "titles" or parishes, assigning a priest to each, and that he also appointed seven deacons for the city. However, this, too, is thought to be anachronistic by both Catholic and secular scholars.
Evaristus reportedly died as a martyr and was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the Vatican.
Legacy
Very little is known at all about Evaristus, and even less is known with certainty. However, the apparent fact that he was a Jew by birth shows that Jewish Christians still held a prominent place in the Christian church at Rome 70 years after Jesus and a generation after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.
Evaristus' death as a martyr continues a tradition which supposes that all the early popes were martyrs and saints. However, in his case there is no confirmation of his death under persecution, and if he lived during Trajan's time rather than Domitian's, martyrdom would be unlikely. He is not listed as a martyr in current Catholic tradition.
Two decretals were ascribed to Evaristus by Pseudo-Isidore, but they are now considered to be forgeries. His feast occurs October 26.
| Roman Catholic Popes | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by: Clement I |
Bishop of Rome Pope 98–105 |
Succeeded by: Alexander I |
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Benedict XVI. The Roman Martyrology. Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743.
- Chapman, John. Studies on the Early Papacy. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971. ISBN 9780804611398.
- Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. ISBN 9781901157604.
- Jowett, George F. The Drama of the Lost Disciples. London: Covenant Pub. Co, 1968. OCLC 7181392
- Loomis, Louise Ropes. The Book of Popes (Liber Pontificalis). Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8.
External links
All links retrieved November 24, 2022.
| ||||||||||||||||
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
