Difference between revisions of "Leo III" - New World Encyclopedia
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image=[[Image:Leo III Mosaic.jpg|150px]]| | image=[[Image:Leo III Mosaic.jpg|150px]]| | ||
birth_name=Unknown| | birth_name=Unknown| | ||
| − | term_start= | + | term_start=December 27, 795 | |
| − | term_end= | + | term_end=June 12, 816| |
predecessor=[[Pope Adrian I|Adrian I]]| | predecessor=[[Pope Adrian I|Adrian I]]| | ||
successor=[[Pope Stephen IV|Stephen IV]]| | successor=[[Pope Stephen IV|Stephen IV]]| | ||
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other=Leo}} | other=Leo}} | ||
| − | '''Pope Leo III''' (died | + | '''Pope Leo III''' (died June 12, 816) was [[Pope]] from 795 to 816. |
Leo announced his election to [[Charlemagne]], sending him the keys of [[Saint Peter's tomb]] and the banner of [[Rome]], requesting an envoy. Charlemagne in his reply stated that it was his function to defend the church and the popes' to pray for the realm and for victory of the army. | Leo announced his election to [[Charlemagne]], sending him the keys of [[Saint Peter's tomb]] and the banner of [[Rome]], requesting an envoy. Charlemagne in his reply stated that it was his function to defend the church and the popes' to pray for the realm and for victory of the army. | ||
| − | Leo, | + | ==Biography== |
| + | Leo was the son of Atyuppius and Elizabeth. Unlike many of the Cardinals and those who entered the papal household, he was not a member of the nobility. Little is known about his early life. He rose through the ranks of the papal clerical hierarchy to become a Cardinal Priest, and Treasurer. His election as Pope, howeveer, on the day that his predecesor, [[Adrian I]] died, was unanimous. However, he appears to have aroused the hostility of Rome's nobility, who saw the papal post as reserved for noble candidates. Possible, this hostility was aroused when, straight after his consecration, Leo sent the keys of Rome to [[Charlemagne]], indicating that he recognized the Frankish king as Rome's protector. The Roman aristocrats would have resented placing Rome under the protection of a non-Roman. In April 799, Leo was attacked by a gang whose members included a nephew of his predecessor, who attempted to gouge out his eyes and cut off his tongue. He was then formally deposed and sent to a monastery, but escaped and made his way to Charlemagne, who escorted him back to Rome under royal protection. | ||
| − | Charlemagne went to Rome in November 800, and on | + | ==[[Holy Roman Empire|Crowns Charlemagne]] |
| + | On Christmas Day, Leo placed the imperial crown on Charlemagne's head, resurrecting the office of Emperor of the Roman Empire, which became known as the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. | ||
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| + | Charlemagne went to Rome in November 800, and on December 1 held a council there with representatives of both sides. Leo, on December 23, took an [[antejuramentum|oath of purgation]] concerning the charges brought against him, and his opponents were exiled. Two days later Leo crowned Charlemagne after the latter prayed at St. Peter's tomb. Charlemagne was to intervene in church affairs, not always being successful. | ||
Leo helped restore King [[Eardwulf of Northumbria]], and settled various matters of dispute between the [[Archbishop of York|Archbishops of York]] and [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Canterbury]]. He also reversed the decision of his predecessor in regards to the granting of the ''[[pallium]]'' to the [[bishop of Lichfield]], [[Higbert]]. He believed that the English episcopate had been misrepresented before Hadrian and that therefore his act was invalid. In 803, Lichfield was a regular diocese again. | Leo helped restore King [[Eardwulf of Northumbria]], and settled various matters of dispute between the [[Archbishop of York|Archbishops of York]] and [[Archbishop of Canterbury|Canterbury]]. He also reversed the decision of his predecessor in regards to the granting of the ''[[pallium]]'' to the [[bishop of Lichfield]], [[Higbert]]. He believed that the English episcopate had been misrepresented before Hadrian and that therefore his act was invalid. In 803, Lichfield was a regular diocese again. | ||
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The reasons for the coronation, the involvement beforehand of the [[Frankish]] court, and the relationship to the [[Byzantine Empire]] are all matters of debate among historians. An effective administrator of the papal territories, Leo contributed to the beautification of Rome. | The reasons for the coronation, the involvement beforehand of the [[Frankish]] court, and the relationship to the [[Byzantine Empire]] are all matters of debate among historians. An effective administrator of the papal territories, Leo contributed to the beautification of Rome. | ||
| − | His [[feast day]], formerly, was | + | His [[feast day]], formerly, was June 12. |
{{Pope| | {{Pope| | ||
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[[Category:Popes]] | [[Category:Popes]] | ||
{{Credit|161092041}} | {{Credit|161092041}} | ||
Revision as of 16:55, 10 October 2007
| Leo III | |
|---|---|
| |
| Birth name | Unknown |
| Papacy began | December 27, 795 |
| Papacy ended | June 12, 816 |
| Predecessor | Adrian I |
| Successor | Stephen IV |
| Born | Date of birth unknown Rome, Italy |
| Died | June 12 816 Place of death unknown |
| Other popes named Leo | |
Pope Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816.
Leo announced his election to Charlemagne, sending him the keys of Saint Peter's tomb and the banner of Rome, requesting an envoy. Charlemagne in his reply stated that it was his function to defend the church and the popes' to pray for the realm and for victory of the army.
Biography
Leo was the son of Atyuppius and Elizabeth. Unlike many of the Cardinals and those who entered the papal household, he was not a member of the nobility. Little is known about his early life. He rose through the ranks of the papal clerical hierarchy to become a Cardinal Priest, and Treasurer. His election as Pope, howeveer, on the day that his predecesor, Adrian I died, was unanimous. However, he appears to have aroused the hostility of Rome's nobility, who saw the papal post as reserved for noble candidates. Possible, this hostility was aroused when, straight after his consecration, Leo sent the keys of Rome to Charlemagne, indicating that he recognized the Frankish king as Rome's protector. The Roman aristocrats would have resented placing Rome under the protection of a non-Roman. In April 799, Leo was attacked by a gang whose members included a nephew of his predecessor, who attempted to gouge out his eyes and cut off his tongue. He was then formally deposed and sent to a monastery, but escaped and made his way to Charlemagne, who escorted him back to Rome under royal protection.
==Crowns Charlemagne On Christmas Day, Leo placed the imperial crown on Charlemagne's head, resurrecting the office of Emperor of the Roman Empire, which became known as the Holy Roman Empire.
Charlemagne went to Rome in November 800, and on December 1 held a council there with representatives of both sides. Leo, on December 23, took an oath of purgation concerning the charges brought against him, and his opponents were exiled. Two days later Leo crowned Charlemagne after the latter prayed at St. Peter's tomb. Charlemagne was to intervene in church affairs, not always being successful.
Leo helped restore King Eardwulf of Northumbria, and settled various matters of dispute between the Archbishops of York and Canterbury. He also reversed the decision of his predecessor in regards to the granting of the pallium to the bishop of Lichfield, Higbert. He believed that the English episcopate had been misrepresented before Hadrian and that therefore his act was invalid. In 803, Lichfield was a regular diocese again.
Leo forbade the adition of "filioque" to Nicene Creed which was added by Franks in Aachen in 809. He also ordered that the Nicene creed be engraved on silver tablets so that his conclusion might not be overturned in the future. He wrote «HAEC LEO POSUI AMORE ET CAUTELA ORTHODOXAE FIDEI» (I, Leo, put here for love and protection of orthodox faith)(VITA LEONIS, LIBER PONTIFICALIS (Ed.Duchene, TII, p.26)
The reasons for the coronation, the involvement beforehand of the Frankish court, and the relationship to the Byzantine Empire are all matters of debate among historians. An effective administrator of the papal territories, Leo contributed to the beautification of Rome.
His feast day, formerly, was June 12.
| Roman Catholic Popes | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by: Adrian I |
Bishop of Rome 795–816 |
Succeeded by: Stephen IV |
| ||||||||||||||||
External links
jv:Paus Leo III
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