Difference between revisions of "Mausoleum" - New World Encyclopedia

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[[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
 
[[Category:Politics and social sciences]]
 
[[Category:Anthropology]]
 
[[Category:Anthropology]]
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==Notable mausolea==
 
==Notable mausolea==
 
[[Image:StJosephsChapelMausoleum.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|St. Joseph's Chapel Mausoleum at [[Mount Olivet Cemetery (Dubuque)|Mount Olivet Cemetery]] in [[Key West, Iowa|Key West]] (rural [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]]), [[Iowa]].  This mausoleum has traditional mausoleum burial vault as well as [[columbarium]] style niches for [[cremation|cremated]] remains.]]
 
[[Image:StJosephsChapelMausoleum.jpg|thumbnail|right|250px|St. Joseph's Chapel Mausoleum at [[Mount Olivet Cemetery (Dubuque)|Mount Olivet Cemetery]] in [[Key West, Iowa|Key West]] (rural [[Dubuque, Iowa|Dubuque]]), [[Iowa]].  This mausoleum has traditional mausoleum burial vault as well as [[columbarium]] style niches for [[cremation|cremated]] remains.]]
:''Main article: [[List of mausolea]]''.
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* [[Grant's Tomb]], [[New York City]] - a reduced-scale version of Mausollos' original mausoleum.
 
* [[Grant's Tomb]], [[New York City]] - a reduced-scale version of Mausollos' original mausoleum.
 
* [[Taj Mahal]] at [[Agra]], [[India]]
 
* [[Taj Mahal]] at [[Agra]], [[India]]
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* The [[Mastaba]]
 
* The [[Mastaba]]
 
* The [[Pyramid#Ancient_monuments|pyramids]] of ancient [[Egypt]], [[Nubia]] and [[China]] are also types of mausolea.
 
* The [[Pyramid#Ancient_monuments|pyramids]] of ancient [[Egypt]], [[Nubia]] and [[China]] are also types of mausolea.
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:''For cemeteries containing multiple notable mausolea, see also [[List of famous cemeteries]]''.
 +
This is a list of [[mausoleum|mausolea]] around the world.
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==[[Azerbaijan]]==
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*[[Pir-Hussein Mausoleum]]
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*[[Nizami Mausoleum]], [[Ganja]]
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 +
<center>
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<gallery>
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Image:Nizami Mausoleum.jpg|[[Nizami Mausoleum]] in [[Ganja]], [[Azerbaijan]]
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Image:Nizami Ganjavi statue fragment.jpg|A fragment of the statues near the Nizami Mausoleum
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Image:Nizami Ganjavi statue fragment 2.jpg|A series of statues near the Nizami Mausoleum
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Image:Nizami Ganjavi statue fragment 3.jpg|Statue series near the Nizami Mausoleum
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</gallery>
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</center>
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==[[Bulgaria]]==
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* [[Battenberg Mausoleum]], [[Sofia]] (1897)
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* [[Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum]], Sofia (1949; demolished in 1999)
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* [[St George the Conqueror Chapel Mausoleum]], [[Pleven]] (1907)
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* [[Mausoleum of the Liberators]], [[Razgrad]]
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==[[China]]==
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[[Image:Mausoleum_von_Mao_Zedong.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Mao Zedong's [[Mausoleum]]]]
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*[[Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain]]
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**[[Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao]]
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*[[Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor]], [[Xi'an]]
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*[[Mausoleum of Genghis Khan]], [[Inner Mongolia]]
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*[[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]], [[Beijing]], [[Tiananmen Square]]
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*[[Ming Dynasty Tombs|Thirteen Imperial Mausoleums of Ming Dynasty Emperors]], [[Beijing]]
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*[[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]], [[Nanjing]]
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*[[Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum]], [[Nanjing]]
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*[[Zhao Mausoleum]], [[Jiuzong mountain]], [[Shaanxi]] province
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 +
==[[Cuba]]==
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*[[Mausoleo Che Guevara|Mausoleum of Ernesto "Che" Guevara]]
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==[[Cyprus]]==
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*[[Hala Sultan Tekke]]
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==[[France]]==
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*[[Père Lachaise Cemetery]] contains many notable examples from the [[Neoclassicism|classic]] and [[Ancient Egyptian]]-inspired memorials to [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon's]] [[Marshal of France|marshals]] through to the [[modernist]] such as [[Oscar Wilde]]'s
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==[[Finland]]==
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[[Image:Juselius_mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Juselius Mausoleum]] lies in [[Pori]], [[Finland]]]]
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*The [[Juselius Mausoleum]], in the city of [[Pori]].
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==[[India]]==
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[[Image:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|Taj Mahal]]
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*The [[Taj Mahal]], Situated in Agra. Taj Mahal was constructed by Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] in the memory of his beloved wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]. The Taj is considered as the finest example of [[Mughal Architecture]].
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*[[Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]], situated next to [[Tughluqabad]], the third city of [[Delhi]] and built by [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq]] himself
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*[[Tomb of Akbar]]
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*[[Humayun's Tomb|Tomb of Humayun]]
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==[[Indonesia]]==
 +
*[[Imogiri]], in Java where Sultan Agung's Mausoleum has extended into a complex of descendants graves.
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 +
== [[Iran]] ==
 +
 +
[[Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization]] lists several hundred mausoleums in Iran. ''(See [[Ferdowsi]] and [[Ziyarat]] articles for some examples)''. Many such as [[Ali ar-Rida|Imam Reza Mausoleum]] in [[Mashhad]] are religious and from bygone eras. Some, such as the mausoleum of [[Cyrus the great]] carry national significance, and others, such as the [[Imam Khomeini mausoleum]] in [[Tehran]] are contemporary and carry more political weight.
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<center>
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<gallery>
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Image:AbdolSamad Natanz.jpg|Tomb of [[Abdol-samad]], built in 1304C.E. in [[Natanz]].
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Image:Abu lulu tomb.jpg|Mausoleum of [[Abu-Lu'lu'ah]], the assassin of Islam's second caliph, [[Omar|Omar ibn al-Khattab]], [[Kashan]].
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</gallery>
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</center>
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==[[Israel]]==
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[[Image:Avtomb.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Yad Avshalom]], Jerusaelm]]
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*[[Bnei Hazir tomb]]
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*[[Cave of the Patriarchs]]
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*[[David's Tomb]]
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*[[Joseph's Tomb]]
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*[[Rachel's Tomb]]
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*[[Tomb of Samuel]]
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*[[Yad Avshalom]]
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*[[Tomb of Zechariah]]
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<br style="clear:both;">
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==[[Italy]]==
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*[[Mausoleum of Augustus]]
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*[[Mausoleum of Theodoric]]
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*[[Castel Sant'Angelo]], [[Hadrian]] mausoleum
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==[[Mongolia]]==
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*[[Sühbaatar's mausoleum]], [[Ulan Bator]], [[Mongolia]]
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== [[North Korea]] ==
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*[[Kumsusan Memorial Palace]], [[Pyongyang]], [[North Korea]]
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== [[Norway]] ==
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* The Mausoleum located under the ground floor of Akershus Festning in [[Oslo]] contains the bodies of [[Olav V]] and [[Haakon VII]] of Norway. Queen Maud of Norway and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway
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==[[Pakistan]]==
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[[Image:Mazare Quaid.JPEG|thumb|250px|right|Mazar-e-Quaid - the Tomb of [[Jinnah]]; National Mausoleum of Pakistan]]
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* [[Mazar-e-Quaid|National Mausoleum of Pakistan]] (Mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan- [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]), [[Karachi|Karachi City]]
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*[[Mausoleum of Muhammad Iqbal]], [[Lahore]]
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*[[Abdullah Shah Ghazi Mazar]] (mausoleum of Karachi's [[sufi]] saint), [[Karachi]]
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*Mausoleum of the Sufi saint [[Ali Hajweri]] (also known as [[Data Durbar Complex|Data Sahib Ganjbaksh]]), [[Lahore]]
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*Mausoleum of [[Bibi Pak Daman]], [[Lahore]]
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*Mausoleum of the Sikh ruler [[Samadhi of Ranjit Singh|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]], [[Lahore]]
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*Mausoleum of [[Emperor Jehangir]] (Ruler of Mughal Empire), [[Lahore]]
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*Mausoleum of Asif Khan (Father of [[Shah Jehan]]'s beloved Queen [[Mumtaz Mahal|Arjumand Bano Begum]]), [[Lahore]]
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*Mausoleum of [[Shah Rukn-e-Alam]], (The grandson of [[Sahikh Bahauddin Zakaria]]), [[Multan]]
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*[[Tomb of Aurangzeb]]
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==[[Poland]]==
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*Mausoleum of the [[Grandmaster (order)|Grand Master]]s of the [[Teutonic Order]], [[Ordensburg Marienburg]] in [[Malbork]], [[Poland]]
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==[[Romania]]==
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*[[Marasesti]] Mausoleum to the Unknown Soldier
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== [[Russia]] ==
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[[Image:Lenins Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Lenin's Tomb, with wall of the Kremlin and Russian parliament behind]]
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*[[Lenin's Mausoleum]], [[Moscow]],[[Red Square]] (in 1953 - 1961 contained also [[Stalin]]'s body)
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<br style="clear:both;">
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==[[Serbia]]==
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*[[Kuća cveća]] (House of the Flowers) Where comrade Marshal [[Tito]] was laid to rest in Belgrade.
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==[[Spain]]==
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[[Image:ValleDeLosCaidos Cross1.jpg|thumb|right|250px|''Valle de los Caídos'', with the 150 metres high cross behind.]]
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*[[Valle de los Caídos]], in [[San Lorenzo del Escorial]].
 +
<br style="clear:both;">
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==[[Taiwan]]==
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*The Tzuhu Presidential Burial Place, burial place of President [[Chiang Kai-shek]], in [[Tzuhu]]
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== [[Turkey]] ==
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[[Image:Anitkabir.DO.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Anıtkabir, Kemal Ataturk's [[mausoleum]] at Ankara]]
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*[[Anıtkabir|Kemal Atatürk's Mausoleum]], [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]]
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<br style="clear:both;">
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*[[Ruins]] of the [[Mausoleum of Maussollos|mausoleum]] of [[Mausolus|Maussollos]], one of the [[seven wonders of the world]].
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==[[Ukraine]]==
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* [[Nikolay Pirogov]]'s mausoleum (Vinnitsa)
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* [[Grigory Kotovsky]]'s mausoleum (destroyed in 1941 by Romanian troops).
 +
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==[[United Kingdom]]==
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*[[Frogmore Mausoleum]], burial place of [[Victoria and Albert]]
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*[[Highgate Cemetery]], London, has an impressive collection of [[Victorian era|Victorian]] mausoleums
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*[[Hamilton Palace|Hamilton Mausoleum]], [[Hamilton, South Lanarkshire]]. One of the largest mausolea in the world, the building was started by [[David Hamilton (architect)|David Hamilton]] in 1842 and completed by [[David Bryce]] and [[Alexander Richie]] in 1858.[http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk:81/scotgaz/features/featurefirst6722.html  External link]
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*[[Castle Howard]] Mausoleum, in [[Yorkshire]], by the noted [[architect]] [[John Vanbrugh]], and ancestral resting place of the [[Howard family]]. Inaccessible to the public save by prior appointment.
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*[[Kensal Green Cemetery]], London, the oldest English cemetery of its type still in operation, has many elaborate Victorian mausoleums, including that of [[Anthony Trollope]].
 +
*[[Museum of Garden History]], holds [[William Bligh|Captain Bligh’s]] monument moulded from [[Coade stone]].
 +
*[[West Norwood Cemetery]], London includes [[listed buildings]] with unusual materials that include wood, pottery ([[Henry Doulton|Doulton]] and [[Henry Tate|Tate]]) and cast iron (Berens), and many classical mausoleums in its [[Greek Orthodox]] area.
 +
 +
==[[United States]]==
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''See also [[List of pyramid mausoleums in North America]].''
 +
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*[[Grant's Tomb]]
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*[[Stanford Mausoleum]]
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*[[Miles Mausoleum]]
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*[[Queen of Heaven Mausoleum]]
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==[[Uzbekistan]]==
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[[Image:Samanid Mausoleum.JPG|thumb|right|170px|Ismail Samani mausoleum in Bukhara.]]
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* [[Samanid mausoleum]] [[Bukhara]]
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* [[Bibi-Khanym Mosque|Bibi-Khanym Mousoleum]], [[Samarkand]]
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* [[Gur-e Amir]], [[Samarkand]]
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* [[Sheihantaur|The Mausoleum of Sheikh Hovendi at-Tahur (Sheihantaur)]], [[Tashkent]]
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* [[Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin]], Tashkent
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* [[Sheihantaur|Qaldirghochbiy Mausoleum]], Tashkent
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* [[Sheihantaur|The Musoleum of Unus-Khan]], Tashkent
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* [[Saif ed-Din Bokharzi & Bayan-Quli Khan Mausoleums|Saif ed-Din Bokharzi Mausoleum]], [[Bukhara]]
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* [[Saif ed-Din Bokharzi & Bayan-Quli Khan Mausoleums|Bayan-Quli Khan Mausoleum]], [[Bukhara]]
 +
 +
== [[Vietnam]] ==
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 +
[[Image:Hochiminh mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Hồ Chí Minh mausoleum, [[Hanoi]]]]
 +
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*[[Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum]], [[Hanoi]]
 +
 +
 +
 +
==External links==
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*[http://pagetour.narod.ru/khiva/mausoleums.html List of twelve mousoleums of Khiva]
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*[http://www.smitheliot.com/pages/sunrise.html/  Smith Eliot's Images of the Sunrise/Sunset Mausoleum in Portland, OR]
  
  
  
  
{{Credits|Mausoleum|134445343|}}
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{{Credits|Mausoleum|134445343|List_of_mausolea|148235628|}}

Revision as of 05:26, 7 September 2007


The Paramore family mausoleum in the Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri

A mausoleum (plural: mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel.

The word derives from the Mausoleum of Maussollos (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausollos, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries, particularly in Europe and her colonies during the early modern and modern periods. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. Single mausolea may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land.

In the United States, the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the 'crypt mausoleum'.

Notable mausolea

File:StJosephsChapelMausoleum.jpg
St. Joseph's Chapel Mausoleum at Mount Olivet Cemetery in Key West (rural Dubuque), Iowa. This mausoleum has traditional mausoleum burial vault as well as columbarium style niches for cremated remains.
For cemeteries containing multiple notable mausolea, see also List of famous cemeteries.

This is a list of mausolea around the world.

Azerbaijan

  • Pir-Hussein Mausoleum
  • Nizami Mausoleum, Ganja

Bulgaria

  • Battenberg Mausoleum, Sofia (1897)
  • Georgi Dimitrov Mausoleum, Sofia (1949; demolished in 1999)
  • St George the Conqueror Chapel Mausoleum, Pleven (1907)
  • Mausoleum of the Liberators, Razgrad

China

Mao Zedong's Mausoleum
  • Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain
    • Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao
  • Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Xi'an
  • Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, Inner Mongolia
  • Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, Beijing, Tiananmen Square
  • Thirteen Imperial Mausoleums of Ming Dynasty Emperors, Beijing
  • Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Nanjing
  • Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing
  • Zhao Mausoleum, Jiuzong mountain, Shaanxi province

Cuba

  • Mausoleum of Ernesto "Che" Guevara

Cyprus

  • Hala Sultan Tekke

France

  • Père Lachaise Cemetery contains many notable examples from the classic and Ancient Egyptian-inspired memorials to Napoleon's marshals through to the modernist such as Oscar Wilde's

Finland

The Juselius Mausoleum lies in Pori, Finland
  • The Juselius Mausoleum, in the city of Pori.

India

Taj Mahal
  • The Taj Mahal, Situated in Agra. Taj Mahal was constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj is considered as the finest example of Mughal Architecture.
  • Mausoleum of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq, situated next to Tughluqabad, the third city of Delhi and built by Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq himself
  • Tomb of Akbar
  • Tomb of Humayun

Indonesia

  • Imogiri, in Java where Sultan Agung's Mausoleum has extended into a complex of descendants graves.

Iran

Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists several hundred mausoleums in Iran. (See Ferdowsi and Ziyarat articles for some examples). Many such as Imam Reza Mausoleum in Mashhad are religious and from bygone eras. Some, such as the mausoleum of Cyrus the great carry national significance, and others, such as the Imam Khomeini mausoleum in Tehran are contemporary and carry more political weight.

Israel

Yad Avshalom, Jerusaelm
  • Bnei Hazir tomb
  • Cave of the Patriarchs
  • David's Tomb
  • Joseph's Tomb
  • Rachel's Tomb
  • Tomb of Samuel
  • Yad Avshalom
  • Tomb of Zechariah


Italy

  • Mausoleum of Augustus
  • Mausoleum of Theodoric
  • Castel Sant'Angelo, Hadrian mausoleum

Mongolia

  • Sühbaatar's mausoleum, Ulan Bator, Mongolia

North Korea

Norway

  • The Mausoleum located under the ground floor of Akershus Festning in Oslo contains the bodies of Olav V and Haakon VII of Norway. Queen Maud of Norway and Crown Princess Märtha of Norway

Pakistan

Mazar-e-Quaid - the Tomb of Jinnah; National Mausoleum of Pakistan
  • National Mausoleum of Pakistan (Mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan- Muhammad Ali Jinnah), Karachi City
  • Mausoleum of Muhammad Iqbal, Lahore
  • Abdullah Shah Ghazi Mazar (mausoleum of Karachi's sufi saint), Karachi
  • Mausoleum of the Sufi saint Ali Hajweri (also known as Data Sahib Ganjbaksh), Lahore
  • Mausoleum of Bibi Pak Daman, Lahore
  • Mausoleum of the Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Lahore
  • Mausoleum of Emperor Jehangir (Ruler of Mughal Empire), Lahore
  • Mausoleum of Asif Khan (Father of Shah Jehan's beloved Queen Arjumand Bano Begum), Lahore
  • Mausoleum of Shah Rukn-e-Alam, (The grandson of Sahikh Bahauddin Zakaria), Multan
  • Tomb of Aurangzeb

Poland

  • Mausoleum of the Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order, Ordensburg Marienburg in Malbork, Poland

Romania

  • Marasesti Mausoleum to the Unknown Soldier

Russia

Lenin's Tomb, with wall of the Kremlin and Russian parliament behind
  • Lenin's Mausoleum, Moscow,Red Square (in 1953 - 1961 contained also Stalin's body)


Serbia

  • Kuća cveća (House of the Flowers) Where comrade Marshal Tito was laid to rest in Belgrade.

Spain

File:ValleDeLosCaidos Cross1.jpg
Valle de los Caídos, with the 150 metres high cross behind.
  • Valle de los Caídos, in San Lorenzo del Escorial.


Taiwan

  • The Tzuhu Presidential Burial Place, burial place of President Chiang Kai-shek, in Tzuhu

Turkey

Anıtkabir, Kemal Ataturk's mausoleum at Ankara


  • Ruins of the mausoleum of Maussollos, one of the seven wonders of the world.

Ukraine

  • Nikolay Pirogov's mausoleum (Vinnitsa)
  • Grigory Kotovsky's mausoleum (destroyed in 1941 by Romanian troops).

United Kingdom

  • Frogmore Mausoleum, burial place of Victoria and Albert
  • Highgate Cemetery, London, has an impressive collection of Victorian mausoleums
  • Hamilton Mausoleum, Hamilton, South Lanarkshire. One of the largest mausolea in the world, the building was started by David Hamilton in 1842 and completed by David Bryce and Alexander Richie in 1858.External link
  • Castle Howard Mausoleum, in Yorkshire, by the noted architect John Vanbrugh, and ancestral resting place of the Howard family. Inaccessible to the public save by prior appointment.
  • Kensal Green Cemetery, London, the oldest English cemetery of its type still in operation, has many elaborate Victorian mausoleums, including that of Anthony Trollope.
  • Museum of Garden History, holds Captain Bligh’s monument moulded from Coade stone.
  • West Norwood Cemetery, London includes listed buildings with unusual materials that include wood, pottery (Doulton and Tate) and cast iron (Berens), and many classical mausoleums in its Greek Orthodox area.

United States

See also List of pyramid mausoleums in North America.

  • Grant's Tomb
  • Stanford Mausoleum
  • Miles Mausoleum
  • Queen of Heaven Mausoleum

Uzbekistan

Ismail Samani mausoleum in Bukhara.
  • Samanid mausoleum Bukhara
  • Bibi-Khanym Mousoleum, Samarkand
  • Gur-e Amir, Samarkand
  • The Mausoleum of Sheikh Hovendi at-Tahur (Sheihantaur), Tashkent
  • Mausoleum of Sheikh Zaynudin, Tashkent
  • Qaldirghochbiy Mausoleum, Tashkent
  • The Musoleum of Unus-Khan, Tashkent
  • Saif ed-Din Bokharzi Mausoleum, Bukhara
  • Bayan-Quli Khan Mausoleum, Bukhara

Vietnam

File:Hochiminh mausoleum.jpg
Hồ Chí Minh mausoleum, Hanoi
  • Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum, Hanoi


External links


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