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Nervous system. Courtesy of 3DScience.com

The human body is the physical manifestation of a human being, including the chemical elements, cells, and extracellular materials and the organization of these materials into tissues, organs, and systems.


Great Seal of the United States

The United States of America—also referred to as the United States, the USA, the U.S., America, the States, or (archaically) Columbia—is a federal republic of 50 states and the District of Columbia located primarily in central North America.


A map of countries of Europe, where the ideal of the "nation-state" arose.

In general discussion, a nation-state is variously called a "country," a "nation," or a "state."


Map of the division of the states during the Civil War

The watershed event of United States history was the American Civil War (1861–1865), fought in North America between 24 mostly northern states of the Union and the Confederate States of America, a coalition of eleven southern states.


A flight of Junkers Ju 87 -Stuka dive-bombers prepares to attack.

World War II, also WWII, or the Second World War, was a global military conflict that took place between 1939 and 1945.


The Ancient Pyramids of Egypt that still rise above the desert were designed with the intention that spirits of deceased rulers could more easily return to their bodies.

Ancient Egypt as a general historical term broadly refers to the civilization of the Lower Nile Valley (or the Great Rift Valley) between the First Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta, from circa 3300 B.C.E. until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 B.C.E..


A view of Machu Picchu, "the Lost city of the Incas," now an archaeological site.

The Inca Civilization (called Tawantinsuyu in modern spelling, and Quechua, or Tahuantinsuyu in old spelling), was an empire located in South America from 1438 c.e. to 1533 c.e.


Great Tit, Parus major

Birds (class Aves) are bipedal, warm-blooded, oviparous (egg-laying) vertebrates characterized primarily by feathers, forelimbs modified as wings, and a bony beak without teeth.


Increasingly the world is thought of as a whole

Globalization, as a concept, refers both to the "shrinking" of the world and the increased consciousness of the world as a whole.


The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican people of central Mexico in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries.

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Appearance: Colorless

Oxygen (chemical symbol O, atomic number 8) is the second most common element on Earth and the third most common element in the universe.


Raw gold from California (top) and Australia (bottom), showing octahedral* formations.

Gold (chemical symbol Au; atomic number 79) has long been valued as a noble metal and a symbol of purity, durability, and royalty.


Sir Isaac Newton at age 46 in Godfrey Kneller's 1689 portrait.

Sir Isaac Newton (January 4, 1643 – March 31, 1727) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, inventor, and natural philosopher, who is generally regarded as one of the most accomplished and influential scientists in history.


Flag of the United Nations

The United Nations (or simply UN) is an international organization established in 1945 for the purpose of securing world peace. It replaced its predecessor, the League of Nations, which had failed to prevent war between nations.


A color image of Earth as seen from Apollo 17.

Earth is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth in order of size. It is the largest and densest of the solar system's terrestrial planets.


Nicolaus Copernicus

Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 – May 24, 1543) was one of the great polymaths of his age. He was a mathematician, astronomer, jurist, physician, classical scholar, governor, administrator, diplomat, economist, and soldier.


Gall bladder

The gallbladder (also gall bladder), or cholecyst, is a pear-shaped organ that stores and concentrates bile until it is needed to aid with fat digestion.


Farmlands in Hebei province, China.

Agriculture (a term which encompasses farming) is the process of producing food, feed, fiber, fuel, and other goods by the systematic raising of plants and animals.


Vulpes vulpes, the red fox

Animals are a major group of organisms, classified as the kingdom Animalia or Metazoa.


Gregor Johann Mendel

Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822 – January 6, 1884) was an Austrian monk whose studies of the inheritance of traits in pea plants helped to lay the foundation for the later development of the field of genetics.