Difference between revisions of "Uraninite" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | {{ | + | {{Copyedited}}{{Images OK}}{{Submitted}}{{Approved}}{{Paid}} |
{{Infobox mineral | {{Infobox mineral | ||
| − | | name | + | | name = Uraninite |
| − | | category | + | | category = |
| − | | boxwidth | + | | boxwidth = |
| − | | boxbgcolor | + | | boxbgcolor = |
| − | | image | + | | image = Pichblende.jpg |
| − | | imagesize | + | | imagesize = |
| − | | caption | + | | caption = |
| − | | formula | + | | formula = [[uranium oxide]], UO<sub>2</sub> |
| − | | molweight | + | | molweight = |
| − | | color | + | | color = Black or brownish |
| − | | habit | + | | habit = Massive, [[botryoidal]], granular. Crystals uncommon. |
| − | | system | + | | system = [[Cubic (crystal system)|Isometric]] |
| − | | twinning | + | | twinning = |
| − | | cleavage | + | | cleavage = Indistinct |
| − | | fracture | + | | fracture = Conchoidal to uneven |
| − | | mohs | + | | mohs = 5 - 6 |
| − | | luster | + | | luster = Submetallic, greasy |
| − | | refractive | + | | refractive = Opaque |
| opticalprop = | | opticalprop = | ||
| birefringence = | | birefringence = | ||
| pleochroism = None | | pleochroism = None | ||
| − | | streak | + | | streak = Same as color, black or brownish |
| − | | gravity | + | | gravity = 7.5 - 10 |
| − | | density | + | | density = |
| − | | melt | + | | melt = |
| − | | fusibility | + | | fusibility = |
| − | | diagnostic | + | | diagnostic = |
| − | | solubility | + | | solubility = Soluble in [[sulfuric acid|sulfuric]], [[nitric acid|nitric]], and [[hydrofluoric acid]]s. |
| diaphaneity = | | diaphaneity = | ||
| − | | other | + | | other = |
| var1 = Pitchblende | var1text = Massive | | var1 = Pitchblende | var1text = Massive | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | '''Uraninite''' is a [[uranium]]-rich [[mineral]] | + | '''Uraninite''' is a [[uranium]]-rich, radioactive [[mineral]] that is composed mainly of uranium dioxide (UO<sub>2</sub>). It is black or brownish and the principal ore of uranium. It is most commonly known in the variety ''pitchblende''.<ref>The name ''pitchblende'' is derived from ''pitch'', because of its black color, and ''blende'', a term used by [[Germany|German]] miners to denote minerals whose weight suggested metal content, but whose exploitation was, at the time they were named, either impossible or not economically feasible.</ref> |
| + | {{toc}} | ||
| + | This mineral also contains minor amounts of [[radium]] and [[helium]], which are the main decay products of uranium. In addition, it is often mixed with [[uranium trioxide|UO<sub>3</sub>]] and [[oxide]]s of [[lead]], [[thorium]], and [[Rare earth element|rare earth]]s. Upon weathering, uraninite may produce attractive uranyl phosphate or uranyl silicate minerals. | ||
== Occurrence == | == Occurrence == | ||
| + | Uraninite is a major ore of uranium. An important occurrence of pitchblende is at [[Great Bear Lake]] in the [[Northwest Territories]] of [[Canada]], where it is found in large quantities associated with [[silver]]. Some of the highest grade uranium occurrences in the world occur in the [[Athabasca Basin]] in northern [[Saskatchewan]]. It also occurs in [[Australia]], [[Germany]], [[England]], and [[South Africa]], and in [[New Hampshire]], [[Connecticut]], [[North Carolina]], [[Wyoming]], [[Colorado]] and [[New Mexico]] in the [[United States]]. | ||
| − | + | == Characteristics == | |
| + | All uraninite minerals contain a small amount of [[radium]] as a [[radioactive decay]] product of uranium; it was in pitchblende from the [[Jáchymov]] (then also known as Joachimsthal) in [[Czechoslovakia]] that [[Maria Sklodowska-Curie|Marie Curie]] discovered radium. | ||
| − | + | Uraninite always contains small amounts of the lead [[isotope]]s, Pb-206 and Pb-207, the end products of the decay series of the uranium isotopes U-238 and U-235 respectively. | |
| + | |||
| + | Small amounts of [[helium]] are also present in uraninite as a result of [[alpha decay]]. Helium was first discovered on Earth in uraninite, after previously being discovered [[spectroscopy|spectroscopically]] in the [[Sun]]'s atmosphere. | ||
| − | + | The extremely rare element [[technetium]] can be found in uraninite in very small quantities (about 0.2 ng/kg), produced by the spontaneous [[Nuclear fission|fission]] of uranium-238. | |
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | |||
* [[Radium]] | * [[Radium]] | ||
* [[Uranium]] | * [[Uranium]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Notes == | ||
| + | <references/> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| − | + | * Klein, Cornelis, and Barbara Dutrow. ''Manual of Mineral Science''. 23rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2007. ISBN 978-0471721574 | |
| − | * Klein, Cornelis, and Barbara Dutrow | + | * Mineral Gallery. The Mineral Uraninite ''Amethyst Galleries'', 2006. |
| − | + | * Pellant, Chris. ''Rocks and Minerals''. Smithsonian Handbooks. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2002. ISBN 0789491060 | |
| − | * Pellant, Chris | + | * Shaffer, Paul R., Herbert S. Zim, and Raymond Perlman. ''Rocks, Gems and Minerals''. Rev. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001. ISBN 1582381321 |
| − | |||
| − | * Shaffer, Paul R., Herbert S. Zim, and Raymond Perlman | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
| + | All links retrieved May 3, 2023. | ||
| − | * [http://www.mindat.org/min-4102.html Uraninite.] ''Mindat.org'' | + | * [http://www.mindat.org/min-4102.html Uraninite.] ''Mindat.org''. |
[[Category:Physical sciences]] | [[Category:Physical sciences]] | ||
Latest revision as of 13:35, 3 May 2023
| Uraninite | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| General | |
| Category | Mineral |
| Chemical formula | uranium oxide, UO2 |
| Identification | |
| Color | Black or brownish |
| Crystal habit | Massive, botryoidal, granular. Crystals uncommon. |
| Crystal system | Isometric |
| Cleavage | Indistinct |
| Fracture | Conchoidal to uneven |
| Mohs Scale hardness | 5 - 6 |
| Luster | Submetallic, greasy |
| Refractive index | Opaque |
| Pleochroism | None |
| Streak | Same as color, black or brownish |
| Specific gravity | 7.5 - 10 |
| Solubility | Soluble in sulfuric, nitric, and hydrofluoric acids. |
| Major varieties | |
| Pitchblende | Massive |
Uraninite is a uranium-rich, radioactive mineral that is composed mainly of uranium dioxide (UO2). It is black or brownish and the principal ore of uranium. It is most commonly known in the variety pitchblende.[1]
This mineral also contains minor amounts of radium and helium, which are the main decay products of uranium. In addition, it is often mixed with UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earths. Upon weathering, uraninite may produce attractive uranyl phosphate or uranyl silicate minerals.
Occurrence
Uraninite is a major ore of uranium. An important occurrence of pitchblende is at Great Bear Lake in the Northwest Territories of Canada, where it is found in large quantities associated with silver. Some of the highest grade uranium occurrences in the world occur in the Athabasca Basin in northern Saskatchewan. It also occurs in Australia, Germany, England, and South Africa, and in New Hampshire, Connecticut, North Carolina, Wyoming, Colorado and New Mexico in the United States.
Characteristics
All uraninite minerals contain a small amount of radium as a radioactive decay product of uranium; it was in pitchblende from the Jáchymov (then also known as Joachimsthal) in Czechoslovakia that Marie Curie discovered radium.
Uraninite always contains small amounts of the lead isotopes, Pb-206 and Pb-207, the end products of the decay series of the uranium isotopes U-238 and U-235 respectively.
Small amounts of helium are also present in uraninite as a result of alpha decay. Helium was first discovered on Earth in uraninite, after previously being discovered spectroscopically in the Sun's atmosphere.
The extremely rare element technetium can be found in uraninite in very small quantities (about 0.2 ng/kg), produced by the spontaneous fission of uranium-238.
See also
Notes
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Klein, Cornelis, and Barbara Dutrow. Manual of Mineral Science. 23rd ed. New York: John Wiley, 2007. ISBN 978-0471721574
- Mineral Gallery. The Mineral Uraninite Amethyst Galleries, 2006.
- Pellant, Chris. Rocks and Minerals. Smithsonian Handbooks. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2002. ISBN 0789491060
- Shaffer, Paul R., Herbert S. Zim, and Raymond Perlman. Rocks, Gems and Minerals. Rev. ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001. ISBN 1582381321
External links
All links retrieved May 3, 2023.
- Uraninite. Mindat.org.
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