Encyclopedia, Difference between revisions of "Robert Bunsen" - New World
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{{Infobox_Scientist | {{Infobox_Scientist | ||
| name = Robert Bunsen | | name = Robert Bunsen | ||
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| image_width = 300px | | image_width = 300px | ||
| caption = Robert Wilhelm Bunsen | | caption = Robert Wilhelm Bunsen | ||
| − | | birth_date = | + | | birth_date = 31 March, 1811 |
| birth_place = [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]] | | birth_place = [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]] | ||
| − | | death_date = | + | | death_date = 16 August, 1899 |
| death_place = [[Heidelberg]], [[Germany]] | | death_place = [[Heidelberg]], [[Germany]] | ||
| residence = [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|]] [[Germany]] | | residence = [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|]] [[Germany]] | ||
| nationality = [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|]] [[Germany|German]] | | nationality = [[Image:Flag of Germany.svg|20px|]] [[Germany|German]] | ||
| field = [[Chemist]] | | field = [[Chemist]] | ||
| − | | work_institution = [[:de:Universität Kassel|Polytechnic School of Kassel]]</ | + | | work_institution = [[:de:Universität Kassel|Polytechnic School of Kassel]]<br/>[[University of Marburg]]<br/>[[University of Heidelberg]] |
| alma_mater = [[University of Göttingen]] | | alma_mater = [[University of Göttingen]] | ||
| doctoral_advisor = [[Friedrich Stromeyer]] | | doctoral_advisor = [[Friedrich Stromeyer]] | ||
| − | | doctoral_students = [[Adolf von Baeyer]] [[Image:Nobel.svg|20px]] </ | + | | doctoral_students = [[Adolf von Baeyer]] [[Image:Nobel.svg|20px]] <br/> |
| − | [[Georg Ludwig Carius]]</ | + | [[Georg Ludwig Carius]]<br/> |
| − | [[Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe]]</ | + | [[Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe]]<br/> |
| − | [[Adolf Lieben]]</ | + | [[Adolf Lieben]]<br/> |
| − | [[Henry Enfield Roscoe]]</ | + | [[Henry Enfield Roscoe]]<br/> |
| − | [[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig]]</ | + | [[Carl Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig]]<br/> |
[[Viktor Meyer]] | [[Viktor Meyer]] | ||
| − | <!--[[Thomas Edward Thorpe]]</ | + | <!--[[Thomas Edward Thorpe]]<br/>[[Walter Matthias Hempel]]—> |
| − | | known_for = [[cesium|Discovery of cesium]]</ | + | | known_for = [[cesium|Discovery of cesium]]<br/>[[rubidium|Discovery of rubidium]]<br/>[[Bunsen Burner]] |
| prizes = [[Copley medal]] (1860) | | prizes = [[Copley medal]] (1860) | ||
| religion = | | religion = | ||
| footnotes = | | footnotes = | ||
}} | }} | ||
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| − | Bunsen was the youngest of four sons of the University of Göttingen chief librarian and professor of modern philology [[Christian Bunsen]] ( | + | '''Robert Wilhelm Bunsen''' (born 31 March, 1811 in [[Göttingen]], died 16 August, 1899 in [[Heidelberg]]) was a [[Germany|German]] [[chemist]]. He perfected the [[Bunsen burner|burner]] that was named after him, invented by British chemist/physicist [[Michael Faraday]], and worked on [[electromagnetic spectroscopy|emission spectroscopy]] of heated elements. He discovered the elements [[cesium]] and [[rubidium]] with his spectroscope. He is considered the founder of modern gas analytical methods. |
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| + | Bunsen was the youngest of four sons of the University of Göttingen chief librarian and professor of modern philology [[Christian Bunsen]] (1770–1837). After attending school, he studied chemistry. During this time, he met [[Friedrich Ferdinand Runge|Runge]] (who discovered [[aniline]] and in 1819 isolated [[caffeine]]), [[Justus von Liebig]] in [[Gießen]], and [[Alexander Mitscherlich]] in [[Bonn]]. | ||
After his return to Germany, Bunsen became a lecturer at Göttingen and began experimental studies of the (in)solubility of [[metal]] [[salt]]s of [[arsenious acid]]. Today, his discovery of the use of [[iron oxide]] [[hydrate]] as a [[precipitation (chemistry)|precipitating agent]] is still the best known [[antidote]] against [[arsenic poisoning]]. | After his return to Germany, Bunsen became a lecturer at Göttingen and began experimental studies of the (in)solubility of [[metal]] [[salt]]s of [[arsenious acid]]. Today, his discovery of the use of [[iron oxide]] [[hydrate]] as a [[precipitation (chemistry)|precipitating agent]] is still the best known [[antidote]] against [[arsenic poisoning]]. | ||
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In 1852, Bunsen took the position of [[Leopold Gmelin]] at [[Heidelberg]]. Using [[nitric acid]], he was able to produce pure [[metals]] such as [[chromium]], [[magnesium]], [[aluminium]], [[manganese]], [[sodium]], [[barium]], [[calcium]] and [[lithium]] by [[electrolysis]]. A ten year collaboration with Sir [[Henry Enfield Roscoe]] began in 1852, studying the formation of [[hydrogen chloride]] from [[hydrogen]] and [[chlorine]]. | In 1852, Bunsen took the position of [[Leopold Gmelin]] at [[Heidelberg]]. Using [[nitric acid]], he was able to produce pure [[metals]] such as [[chromium]], [[magnesium]], [[aluminium]], [[manganese]], [[sodium]], [[barium]], [[calcium]] and [[lithium]] by [[electrolysis]]. A ten year collaboration with Sir [[Henry Enfield Roscoe]] began in 1852, studying the formation of [[hydrogen chloride]] from [[hydrogen]] and [[chlorine]]. | ||
| − | In 1859, Bunsen discontinued his work with Roscoe and joined [[Gustav Kirchhoff]] to study emission spectroscopy of heated elements, [[spectrum analysis]]. For that purpose, Bunsen (or his laboratory assistant [[Peter Desaga]]) had in 1855 perfected a special gas burner, invented by the scientist [[Michael Faraday]], that was later named the "[[Bunsen burner]]" | + | In 1859, Bunsen discontinued his work with Roscoe and joined [[Gustav Kirchhoff]] to study emission spectroscopy of heated elements, [[spectrum analysis]]. For that purpose, Bunsen (or his laboratory assistant [[Peter Desaga]]) had in 1855 perfected a special gas burner, invented by the scientist [[Michael Faraday]], that was later named the "[[Bunsen burner]]." When Bunsen retired at the age of 78, he shifted his work solely to [[geology]] and [[mineralogy]], an interest which he had pursued throughout his career. |
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| + | == See also == | ||
| + | |||
| + | * [[Cesium]] | ||
| + | * [[Gustav Kirchhoff]] | ||
| + | * [[Michael Faraday]] | ||
| + | * [[Rubidium]] | ||
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| + | == References == | ||
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* ''Robert Wilhelm Bunsen'', G. Lockeman, 1949. | * ''Robert Wilhelm Bunsen'', G. Lockeman, 1949. | ||
* ''Gasometrische Methoden'' (reprint), with extended foreword by F. M. Schwandner (in German); Ostwalds Klassiker der Naturwissenschaften 269, 2006, ISBN 3-8171-3296-4. (includes an extensive list of Bunsen's students) | * ''Gasometrische Methoden'' (reprint), with extended foreword by F. M. Schwandner (in German); Ostwalds Klassiker der Naturwissenschaften 269, 2006, ISBN 3-8171-3296-4. (includes an extensive list of Bunsen's students) | ||
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|ALTERNATIVE NAMES= | |ALTERNATIVE NAMES= | ||
|SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Chemist]] | |SHORT DESCRIPTION= [[Chemist]] | ||
| − | |DATE OF BIRTH= | + | |DATE OF BIRTH= 31 March, 1811 |
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]] | |PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]] | ||
| − | |DATE OF DEATH= | + | |DATE OF DEATH= 16 August, 1899 |
|PLACE OF DEATH= [[Heidelberg]], [[Germany]] | |PLACE OF DEATH= [[Heidelberg]], [[Germany]] | ||
}} | }} | ||
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Revision as of 14:53, 28 March 2007
<<Please add more information about his life, and divide the article into sections, such as: Early life, Marriage and Family, Scientific career/accomplishments, Later life/Death, Honors.>>
|
Robert Bunsen | |
|---|---|
| File:Robertbunsen2.jpg Robert Wilhelm Bunsen | |
| Born |
31 March, 1811 |
| Died | 16 August, 1899 Heidelberg, Germany |
| Residence |  Germany
|
| Nationality | German
|
| Field | Chemist |
| Institutions | Polytechnic School of Kassel University of Marburg University of Heidelberg |
| Alma mater | University of Göttingen |
| Academic advisor | Friedrich Stromeyer |
| Notable students | Adolf von Baeyer  Georg Ludwig Carius |
| Known for | Discovery of cesium Discovery of rubidium Bunsen Burner |
| Notable prizes | Copley medal (1860) |
Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (born 31 March, 1811 in Göttingen, died 16 August, 1899 in Heidelberg) was a German chemist. He perfected the burner that was named after him, invented by British chemist/physicist Michael Faraday, and worked on emission spectroscopy of heated elements. He discovered the elements cesium and rubidium with his spectroscope. He is considered the founder of modern gas analytical methods.
Bunsen was the youngest of four sons of the University of Göttingen chief librarian and professor of modern philology Christian Bunsen (1770–1837). After attending school, he studied chemistry. During this time, he met Runge (who discovered aniline and in 1819 isolated caffeine), Justus von Liebig in Gießen, and Alexander Mitscherlich in Bonn.
After his return to Germany, Bunsen became a lecturer at Göttingen and began experimental studies of the (in)solubility of metal salts of arsenious acid. Today, his discovery of the use of iron oxide hydrate as a precipitating agent is still the best known antidote against arsenic poisoning.
In 1836, Bunsen succeeded Wöhler at Kassel. After teaching there for two years, he accepted a position at the University of Marburg, where he studied cacodyl derivatives. Although Bunsen's work brought him quick and wide acclaim, he almost killed himself from arsenic poisoning. It also cost him the sight of one eye, when an explosion propelled a glass sliver into his eye. In 1841, Bunsen created a carbon electrode that could be used instead of the expensive platinum electrode used in Grove's battery.
In 1852, Bunsen took the position of Leopold Gmelin at Heidelberg. Using nitric acid, he was able to produce pure metals such as chromium, magnesium, aluminium, manganese, sodium, barium, calcium and lithium by electrolysis. A ten year collaboration with Sir Henry Enfield Roscoe began in 1852, studying the formation of hydrogen chloride from hydrogen and chlorine.
In 1859, Bunsen discontinued his work with Roscoe and joined Gustav Kirchhoff to study emission spectroscopy of heated elements, spectrum analysis. For that purpose, Bunsen (or his laboratory assistant Peter Desaga) had in 1855 perfected a special gas burner, invented by the scientist Michael Faraday, that was later named the "Bunsen burner." When Bunsen retired at the age of 78, he shifted his work solely to geology and mineralogy, an interest which he had pursued throughout his career.
See also
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Robert Wilhelm Bunsen, G. Lockeman, 1949.
- Gasometrische Methoden (reprint), with extended foreword by F. M. Schwandner (in German); Ostwalds Klassiker der Naturwissenschaften 269, 2006, ISBN 3-8171-3296-4. (includes an extensive list of Bunsen's students)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| NAME | Bunsen, Robert |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | |
| SHORT DESCRIPTION | Chemist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 31 March, 1811 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Göttingen, Germany |
| DATE OF DEATH | 16 August, 1899 |
| PLACE OF DEATH | Heidelberg, Germany |
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