Difference between revisions of "Mausoleum" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:Paramore Mausoleum.JPG|right|thumb|250px|The Paramore family mausoleum in the [[Bellefontaine and Calvary Cemeteries|Bellefontaine Cemetery]], [[St. Louis, Missouri]]]] | [[Image:Paramore Mausoleum.JPG|right|thumb|250px|The Paramore family mausoleum in the [[Bellefontaine and Calvary Cemeteries|Bellefontaine Cemetery]], [[St. Louis, Missouri]]]] | ||
A '''mausoleum''' (''plural'': mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of [[tomb]] or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A [[Christian]] mausoleum sometimes includes a [[chapel]]. | A '''mausoleum''' (''plural'': mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of [[tomb]] or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A [[Christian]] mausoleum sometimes includes a [[chapel]]. | ||
| + | ==Etymology== | ||
The word derives from the [[Mausoleum of Maussollos]] (near modern-day [[Bodrum]] in [[Turkey]]), the grave of King [[Mausolus|Mausollos]], the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]] of [[Caria]], whose large tomb was one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World|Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]. | The word derives from the [[Mausoleum of Maussollos]] (near modern-day [[Bodrum]] in [[Turkey]]), the grave of King [[Mausolus|Mausollos]], the [[Persian Empire|Persian]] [[satrap]] of [[Caria]], whose large tomb was one of the [[Seven Wonders of the World|Seven Wonders of the Ancient World]]. | ||
| + | ==Description== | ||
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| + | ==Origin== | ||
Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the [[gentry]] and [[nobility]] in many countries, particularly in [[Europe]] and her [[colonies]] during the [[Early modern Europe|early modern]] and [[Modern Europe|modern periods]]. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. Single mausolea may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a [[burial vault]] below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within [[sarcophagus| sarcophagi]] or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as [[columbarium|columbaria]] (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a [[cemetery]], a [[churchyard]] or on private land. | Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the [[gentry]] and [[nobility]] in many countries, particularly in [[Europe]] and her [[colonies]] during the [[Early modern Europe|early modern]] and [[Modern Europe|modern periods]]. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. Single mausolea may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a [[burial vault]] below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within [[sarcophagus| sarcophagi]] or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as [[columbarium|columbaria]] (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a [[cemetery]], a [[churchyard]] or on private land. | ||
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==Notable mausolea== | ==Notable mausolea== | ||
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This is a list of [[mausoleum|mausolea]] around the world. | This is a list of [[mausoleum|mausolea]] around the world. | ||
| − | ==[[Azerbaijan]] | + | ==Nizami Mausoleum== |
| − | + | [[Image:Nizami Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|left|150px|[[Nizami Mausoleum]] in [[Ganja]], [[Azerbaijan]]]] | |
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| + | The '''Nezami Mausoleum''', built in [[1991]] in honor of [[Nezami|Nezāmī Ganjavī]], stands just outside the city of [[Ganja (city)|Ganja]], [[Azerbaijan]]. It is a tall cylindrical building, surrounded by gardens. To one side, there is a metal statue commemorating Nezami's epic poems. | ||
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| + | ==[[China]]== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Mausoleum_von_Mao_Zedong.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Mao Zedong's [[Mausoleum]]]] | |
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| − | + | Of all the mauslea in China, ([[Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain]], [[Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao]], [[Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor]], [[Xi'an]], [[Mausoleum of Genghis Khan]], [[Inner Mongolia]], [[Ming Dynasty Tombs|Thirteen Imperial Mausoleums of Ming Dynasty Emperors]], [[Beijing]], [[Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum]], [[Nanjing]], [[Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum]], [[Nanjing]], [[Zhao Mausoleum]], [[Jiuzong mountain]], [[Shaanxi]] province) the most famous perhaps is the [[Mausoleum of Mao Zedong]], [[Beijing]], [[Tiananmen Square]]. | |
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==[[Finland]]== | ==[[Finland]]== | ||
| − | [[Image:Juselius_mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Juselius Mausoleum]] lies in [[Pori]], [[Finland]]]] | + | [[Image:Juselius_mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|The [[Juselius Mausoleum]] lies in [[Pori]], [[Finland]]]] |
| − | + | The [[Juselius Mausoleum]], in the city of [[Pori]]. | |
==[[India]]== | ==[[India]]== | ||
| − | [[Image:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|thumb|left|200 px|Taj Mahal]] |
| − | + | The [[Taj Mahal]], Situated in Agra. Taj Mahal was constructed by Mughal Emperor [[Shah Jahan]] in the memory of his beloved wife [[Mumtaz Mahal]]. The Taj is considered as the finest example of [[Mughal Architecture]]. | |
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== [[Iran]] == | == [[Iran]] == | ||
[[Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization]] lists several hundred mausoleums in Iran. ''(See [[Ferdowsi]] and [[Ziyarat]] articles for some examples)''. Many such as [[Ali ar-Rida|Imam Reza Mausoleum]] in [[Mashhad]] are religious and from bygone eras. Some, such as the mausoleum of [[Cyrus the great]] carry national significance, and others, such as the [[Imam Khomeini mausoleum]] in [[Tehran]] are contemporary and carry more political weight. | [[Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization]] lists several hundred mausoleums in Iran. ''(See [[Ferdowsi]] and [[Ziyarat]] articles for some examples)''. Many such as [[Ali ar-Rida|Imam Reza Mausoleum]] in [[Mashhad]] are religious and from bygone eras. Some, such as the mausoleum of [[Cyrus the great]] carry national significance, and others, such as the [[Imam Khomeini mausoleum]] in [[Tehran]] are contemporary and carry more political weight. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:AbdolSamad Natanz.jpg|thumb|left|150px|Tomb of [[Abdol-samad]], built in 1304C.E. in [[Natanz]].]] | |
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| − | Image:AbdolSamad Natanz.jpg|Tomb of [[Abdol-samad]], built in 1304C.E. in [[Natanz]]. | ||
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==[[Israel]]== | ==[[Israel]]== | ||
[[Image:Avtomb.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Yad Avshalom]], Jerusaelm]] | [[Image:Avtomb.JPG|thumb|right|150px|[[Yad Avshalom]], Jerusaelm]] | ||
| − | + | [[Yad Avshalom]]. | |
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==[[Pakistan]]== | ==[[Pakistan]]== | ||
| − | [[Image:Mazare Quaid.JPEG|thumb| | + | [[Image:Mazare Quaid.JPEG|thumb|150px|left|Mazar-e-Quaid - the Tomb of [[Jinnah]]; National Mausoleum of Pakistan]] |
| − | + | [[Mazar-e-Quaid|National Mausoleum of Pakistan]] (Mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan- [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]]), [[Karachi|Karachi City]] | |
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== [[Russia]] == | == [[Russia]] == | ||
| − | [[Image:Lenins Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:Lenins Mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Lenin's Tomb, with wall of the Kremlin and Russian parliament behind]] |
*[[Lenin's Mausoleum]], [[Moscow]],[[Red Square]] (in 1953 - 1961 contained also [[Stalin]]'s body) | *[[Lenin's Mausoleum]], [[Moscow]],[[Red Square]] (in 1953 - 1961 contained also [[Stalin]]'s body) | ||
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==[[Spain]]== | ==[[Spain]]== | ||
| − | [[Image:ValleDeLosCaidos Cross1.jpg|thumb| | + | [[Image:ValleDeLosCaidos Cross1.jpg|thumb|left|150px|''Valle de los Caídos'', with the 150 metres high cross behind.]] |
*[[Valle de los Caídos]], in [[San Lorenzo del Escorial]]. | *[[Valle de los Caídos]], in [[San Lorenzo del Escorial]]. | ||
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== [[Turkey]] == | == [[Turkey]] == | ||
| − | [[Image:Anitkabir.DO.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:Anitkabir.DO.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Anıtkabir, Kemal Ataturk's [[mausoleum]] at Ankara]] |
| − | + | [[Anıtkabir|Kemal Atatürk's Mausoleum]], [[Ankara]], [[Turkey]] | |
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==[[Uzbekistan]]== | ==[[Uzbekistan]]== | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Samanid Mausoleum.JPG|thumb|left|150px|Ismail Samanid mausoleum in Bukhara.]] | |
| − | [[Image:Samanid Mausoleum.JPG|thumb| | + | [[Samanid mausoleum]] [[Bukhara]]. |
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== [[Vietnam]] == | == [[Vietnam]] == | ||
| − | [[Image:Hochiminh mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:Hochiminh mausoleum.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hồ Chí Minh mausoleum, [[Hanoi]]]] |
| − | + | [[Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum]], [[Hanoi]]. | |
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
Revision as of 18:59, 10 September 2007
The Paramore family mausoleum in the Bellefontaine Cemetery, St. Louis, Missouri
A mausoleum (plural: mausolea) is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum. A Christian mausoleum sometimes includes a chapel.
Etymology
The word derives from the Mausoleum of Maussollos (near modern-day Bodrum in Turkey), the grave of King Mausollos, the Persian satrap of Caria, whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.
Description
Origin
Historically, mausolea were, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the gentry and nobility in many countries, particularly in Europe and her colonies during the early modern and modern periods. These are usually small buildings with walls, a roof and sometimes a door for additional interments or visitor access. Single mausolea may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within sarcophagi or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as columbaria (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a cemetery, a churchyard or on private land.
Notable mausolea
- Grant's Tomb, New York City - a reduced-scale version of Mausollos' original mausoleum.
- Taj Mahal at Agra, India
- Mazar-e-Quaid at Karachi, Pakistan
- Royal Mausoleum and the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum at Frogmore, England
- Hamilton Mausoleum at Hamilton in Scotland
- Abraham Lincoln's tomb in Springfield, Illinois
- Lenin's Mausoleum in Moscow, Russia.
- The Mastaba
- The pyramids of ancient Egypt, Nubia and China are also types of mausolea.
- For cemeteries containing multiple notable mausolea, see also List of famous cemeteries.
This is a list of mausolea around the world.
Nizami Mausoleum
File:Nizami Mausoleum.jpg
Nizami Mausoleum in Ganja, Azerbaijan
The Nezami Mausoleum, built in 1991 in honor of Nezāmī Ganjavī, stands just outside the city of Ganja, Azerbaijan. It is a tall cylindrical building, surrounded by gardens. To one side, there is a metal statue commemorating Nezami's epic poems.
China
Mao Zedong's Mausoleum
Of all the mauslea in China, (Ancient Tombs at Longtou Mountain, Mausoleum of Princess Zhenxiao, Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, Xi'an, Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, Inner Mongolia, Thirteen Imperial Mausoleums of Ming Dynasty Emperors, Beijing, Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, Nanjing, Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Nanjing, Zhao Mausoleum, Jiuzong mountain, Shaanxi province) the most famous perhaps is the Mausoleum of Mao Zedong, Beijing, Tiananmen Square.
Finland
The Juselius Mausoleum lies in Pori, Finland
The Juselius Mausoleum, in the city of Pori.
India
The Taj Mahal, Situated in Agra. Taj Mahal was constructed by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal. The Taj is considered as the finest example of Mughal Architecture.
Iran
Iran's Cultural Heritage Organization lists several hundred mausoleums in Iran. (See Ferdowsi and Ziyarat articles for some examples). Many such as Imam Reza Mausoleum in Mashhad are religious and from bygone eras. Some, such as the mausoleum of Cyrus the great carry national significance, and others, such as the Imam Khomeini mausoleum in Tehran are contemporary and carry more political weight.
File:AbdolSamad Natanz.jpg
Tomb of Abdol-samad, built in 1304C.E. in Natanz.
Israel
Yad Avshalom.
Pakistan
National Mausoleum of Pakistan (Mausoleum of the founder of Pakistan- Muhammad Ali Jinnah), Karachi City
Russia
Spain
File:ValleDeLosCaidos Cross1.jpg
Valle de los Caídos, with the 150 metres high cross behind.
- Valle de los Caídos, in San Lorenzo del Escorial.
Turkey
Anıtkabir, Kemal Ataturk's mausoleum at Ankara
Kemal Atatürk's Mausoleum, Ankara, Turkey
Uzbekistan
Samanid mausoleum Bukhara.
Vietnam
File:Hochiminh mausoleum.jpg
Hồ Chí Minh mausoleum, Hanoi
Ho Chi Minh's Mausoleum, Hanoi.
External links
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