Jane Seymour

Jane Seymour
Queen Consort of England
Jane Seymour
Born	1508/1509
Died	October 24 1537
Consort	May 30, 1536–October 24, 1537
Consort to	Henry VIII
Issue	Edward VI
Father	John Seymour
Mother	Margaret Wentworth

Lady Jane Seymour (1507/1508–24 October 1537), Queen of England was the third wife of Henry VIII. She died of post-natal complications following the birth of her only child, Edward VI.

Biography

Jane Seymour was the daughter of Sir John Seymour of Wiltshire and Margaret Wentworth, and was King Henry VIII's fifth cousin three times removed. Her exact birth date is debated; it is usually given as 1509; however, it has been noted that at her funeral 29 women walked in succession . Since it was customary for the attendant company to mark every year of the deceased's life in numbers, this implies she was born in 1508. She was not educated as highly as Catherine or Anne: she could only read and write her name.

Instead she was taught in needlework and household management, which was popular at that time for women. She became a lady-in-waiting in 1530, in the last year of Catherine of Aragon's reign. After Catherine was divorced and Anne Boleyn became queen, she served her instead. Jane caught the king's eye in September 1535 when Henry was returning from a march and he stayed at the Seymours' stately home. His love for her was not confirmed until February the following year when his marriage to Anne was falling rapidly apart. His desire to marry her may have predisposed him to believe the false accusations of adultery and witchcraft against Anne.

Henry became betrothed to Jane on 20 May, 1536, the day after Anne's execution, and married her on 30 May. Jane was publicly proclaimed as queen on 4 June. She was never officially crowned, due to a plague epidemic in London where the coronation was to take place. It has also been suggested that Henry was reluctant to crown Jane before she had fulfilled her duty as a queen by bearing him a son and a male heir.

As queen consort, Jane was strict and formal. She was close only to her female relations, Anne Stanhope (her brother's wife) and her sister, Elizabeth Seymour. The glittering social life and extravagance of the queen's household, which had reached its peak during the time of Anne Boleyn, was replaced by a strict enforcement of decorum in Jane's time. For example, the dress requirements for ladies of the court were detailed down to the number of pearls that were to be sewn into each lady's skirt, and the French fashions introduced by Anne Boleyn were banned. Politically, Jane appears to have been conservative. However, her only involvement in national affairs, in 1536, when she asked for pardons for participants in the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion, was abandoned after the King reminded her of the fate the other queens met with when they "meddled in his affairs".

The Six Wives of King Henry VIII
Catherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr

In early 1537, Jane became pregnant. During her pregnancy, she developed a craving for quail, which the King ordered for her from Calais and Flanders. Jane went into seclusion in September 1537 and gave birth to a male heir, the future King Edward VI of England on 12 October at Hampton Court Palace. After she participated in the prince's christening on October 15, it became clear that Jane was seriously ill. She had contracted puerperal fever and died on 24 October at Hampton Court. She was buried at Windsor Castle after a funeral in which her stepdaughter, Princess Mary (later Queen Mary I), acted as chief mourner.

Above her grave, there was for a time the following inscription:

Here lieth a Phoenix, by whose death

Another Phoenix life gave breath:

It is to be lamented much

The world at once ne'er knew two such.

After her death, Henry wore black and did not remarry for three years. Henry always remembered her with affection, forgetting the youthful days he spent with Catherine of Aragon and his obsession with Anne Boleyn. Historians have speculated that it was Jane's "achievement" of securing Henry a male heir that made her so fondly remembered—that, or dying before he had tired of her. When he died in 1547, Henry was buried beside her.

Jane's two ambitious brothers, Thomas and Edward, used her memory to improve their own fortunes. After Henry's death, Thomas married Henry's widow, Catherine Parr, and also had designs on the future Queen Elizabeth I. In the reign of the young King Edward VI, Edward Seymour set himself up as protector and effective ruler of the Kingdom. Both brothers eventually fell from power, and were disgraced and executed.

In film

• Jane was first portrayed in film in the 1920 German film Anne Boleyn by Aud Edege Nissen.
• Thirteen years later, Wendy Barrie played a Jane opposite Charles Laughton's Henry VIII in Alexander Korda's highly-acclaimed masterpiece The Private Life of Henry VIII.
• It was not until 1969 that Jane Seymour appeared on the screen again, and it was this time only for a few minutes in Hal B. Wallis' Oscar-winning Anne of the Thousand Days. Jane was played by Lesley Paterson, opposite Richard Burton as Henry VIII. Towards the movie's end, Anne Boleyn (played by Canadian actress Geneviève Bujold) dismisses her as a woman with "the face of a simpering sheep and the manners - but not the morals."
• A year later, as part of the series The Six Wives of Henry VIII, a 90-minute BBC television drama, the segment titled "Jane Seymour" presented her as a shy but honest introvert, devoted to her husband. Henry was played by Keith Michell, and Jane by Anne Stallybrass.
• In 1973, this interpretation of Jane was repeated in Henry VIII and his Six Wives, in which Keith Michell reprised his role from the BBC drama; on this occasion Jane Seymour was played by Jane Asher.
• Jane was played by Charlotte Roach in Dr. David Starkey's documentary series on Henry's queens in 2001.
• Jane appeared briefly, played by Naomi Benson, in the BBC television drama The Other Boleyn Girl, opposite Jared Harris as Henry VIII and Jodhi May as Anne Boleyn.
• In October 2003, in the 2-part ITV drama Henry VIII, Ray Winstone starred as the king. Part 2 charted the king's life from his marriage to Jane Seymour (played by Emilia Fox) until his funeral in 1547. Jane was presented as a woman of moral courage and integrity.
• TV Guide reports that Anita Briem will portray Jane Seymour as lady-in-waiting to Anne Boleyn in the second season of The Tudors.
• By Corinne Galloway in the 2008 film The Other Boleyn Girl.

In song

The English ballad The Death of Queen Jane (Child #170) is about the death of Jane Seymour following the birth of Prince Edward. The story as related in the ballad is historically inaccurate, but apparently reflects the popular view at the time of the events surrounding her death. The historical fact is that Prince Edward was born naturally, and that his mother succumbed to infection and died twelve days later.

In the ballad, during long labour, Queen Jane repeatedly asks that her side be opened to save the baby. In most versions, she is refused repeatedly until finally someone—usually King Henry—succumbs to her pleas and allows the surgery that results in her death.

Most versions of the song end with the contrast between the joy of the birth of the Prince and the grief of the death of the Queen.

From version 170A:

The baby was christened with joy and much mirth,

Whilst poor Queen Jane's body lay cold under earth:

There was ringing and singing and mourning all day,

The Princess Elizabeth went weeping away

The song Lady Jane by the Rolling Stones also holds some connection. The song can be interpreted as Henry's sadness over the loss of Jane, because she was the only wife who actually gave him a much-wanted son, and yet her life was the price of the achievement. The song also mentions a 'Lady Anne' and that fact that the narrator can't be expected to love her when he has, or had, Lady Jane. Anne of Cleves followed Jane Seymour, and Henry quickly divorced her (on the much more fickle ground that she was not attractive).

Rick Wakeman had a pipe-organ based instrumental with Seymour's name on the concept album The Six Wives of Henry VIII. It was made to sound mainly like a typical song from her lifetime, save for a synthesiser solo and drums.

Historiography

Jane was widely praised as "the fairest, the discreetest, and the most meritous of all Henry VIII's wives" in the centuries after her passing away. One historian, however, took serious umbrage to this view in the 19th century. Victorian scholar Agnes Strickland, author of encyclopaedic studies of French, Scottish, and English royal women, said that the story of "Anne Boleyn's last agonised hours" and Henry VIII's swift remarriage to Jane Seymour "is repulsive enough, but it becomes tenfold more abhorrent when the woman who caused the whole tragedy is loaded with panegyric."

Modern historical writers, particularly Alison Weir and Antonia Fraser, paint a favourable portrait of a woman of discretion and good-sense—"a strong-minded matriarch in the making," says Weir. Others are not convinced.

Hester W. Chapman and Eric Ives resurrected Strickland's view of Jane Seymour, and believe she played a crucial and conscious role in the cold-blooded plot to bring Anne Boleyn to the executioner's block. David Starkey and Karen Lindsey are both relatively dismissive of Jane's importance in comparison to that of Henry's other queens—particularly Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn and Catherine Parr. Joanna Denny, Marie Louise Bruce and Carolly Erickson also refrain from giving overly-sympathetic accounts of Jane's life and career.

Lineage

16. John Seymour (1402-c.1464)

8. John Seymour (before 1434-c. 1463)

17. Isabel William (?-1486)

4. John Seymour (c. 1450-1491)

18. Sir Robert Coker

9. Elizabeth Coker

19. ?

2. John Seymour (c. 1474-1536)

20. ?

10. Sir George Darell (?-c. 1474)

21. ?

5. Elizabeth Darell (before 1458-?)

22. John Stourton, 1st Baron Stourton (1400-1462)

11. Margaret Stourton (before 1442-?)

23. Marjory Wadham

1. Jane Seymour (1507/1508-1537)

24. Sir Roger Wentworth (?-1452)

12. Sir Philip Wentworth (?-1464)

25. Margaret Despenser (c. 1400-1478)

6. Sir Henry Wentworth (before 1448-?)

26. Sir John de Clifford, 7th Lord Clifford (c. 1388-1421/22)

13. Mary Clifford (1422-?)

27. Elizabeth Percy (before 1393-1437)

3. Margaret Wentworth (before 1490-?)

28. John Say (before 1445-?)

14. Sir John Say (before 1461-c. 1478)

29. Maud N.

7. Anne Say (?-before 1494)

30. Sir Lawrence Cheney (c. 1396-1461)

15. Elizabeth Cheney

31. Elizabeth Cokayn

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• The Six Wives of Henry VIII: Jane Seymour 1508-1537
• Fraser, Antonia. The Wives of Henry VIII, Vintage 1993. ISBN 978-0679730019
• Starkey, David. Six Wives: The Queens of Henry VIII, Harper Perennial, 2004. ISBN 978-0060005504
• Weir, Alison. The Six Wives of Henry VIII, Grove Press; 1st Grove Press Paperback edition, 1991). ISBN 978-0802136831

External links

All retrieved May 7, 2008.

• A quick over-view of Jane's life, with a good portrait gallery as well. tudorhistory.org
• A more in-depth historical look at Jane's life and times. englishhistory.net
• A 1996 interview with Anne Boleyn's most respected academic biographer, E.W. Ives in which he offers his interpretations of Anne Boleyn but also speculates on the role Jane played in Anne's downfall. ww.publications.bham.ac.uk
• A geo-biography tour of the Six Wives of Henry VIII on Google Earth. bbs.keyhole.com
• The text of the ballad The Death of Queen Jane. www.sacred-texts.com

English royalty
Preceded by: Anne Boleyn	Queen Consort of England 30 May, 1536 - 24 October, 1537	Succeeded by: Anne of Cleves

English Royal Consorts

George, Duke of Cumberland (1702-1707) · Mary of Modena (1685-1688) · Catherine of Braganza (1662-1685) · Henrietta Maria of France (1625-1649) · Anne of Denmark (1603-1619) · Philip II of Spain (1554-1558) · Lord Guildford Dudley (1553) · Catherine Parr (1543-1547) · Catherine Howard (1540-1542) · Anne of Cleves (1540) · Jane Seymour (1536-1537) · Anne Boleyn (1533-1536) · Catherine of Aragon (1509-1533) · Elizabeth of York (1486-1503) · Anne Neville (1483-1485) · Elizabeth Woodville (1464-1483) · Margaret of Anjou (1445-1471) · Catherine of Valois (1420-1422) · Joanna of Navarre (1403-1413) · Isabella of Valois (1396-1399) · Anne of Bohemia (1383-1394) · Philippa of Hainault (1328-1369) · Isabella of France (1308-1327) · Marguerite of France (1299-1307) · Eleanor of Castile (1272-1290) · Eleanor of Provence (1236-1272) · Isabella of Angoulême (1200-1216) · Berengaria of Navarre (1191-1199) · Eleanor of Aquitaine (1154-1189) · Matilda of Boulogne (1135-1152) · Geoffrey V, Count of Anjou (1141) · Adeliza of Louvain (1121-1135) · Matilda of Scotland (1100-1118) · Matilda of Flanders (1066-1083)

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