Difference between revisions of "Pope Evaristus" - New World Encyclopedia

Saint Evaristus
Saint Evaristus
Birth name	Evaristus or Aristus
Papacy began	c. 99
Papacy ended	c. 107
Predecessor	Clement I
Successor	Alexander I
Born	1st century C.E.; Bethlehem
Died	c. 107; Rome

Latest revision as of 09:39, 24 November 2022

Pope Saint Evaristus was the fifth bishop of Rome, probably holding office from c. 99 to 107-108 C.E. He was also known as Aristus. Little is known about his reign with certainty.

According to the Liber Pontificalis, his father was a Hellenic Jew named Judah from Bethlehem. The fourth-century writer Eusebius says that Evaristus died in year 12 of the reign of the Roman Emperor Trajan (98-117) after holding the office of bishop for eight years. This means he was elected around the year 99. The ninth century's Liber Pontificalis, however, puts his episcopacy significantly earlier, relating that Evaristus was elected bishop at Rome during the reign of the Roman emperor Domitian (81-96 C.E.). Both Jews and Christians were heavily persecuted in this period, according the Christian tradition.

Evaristus reportedly followed Clement as the fourth successor of Saint Peter. However, contemporary scholars generally hold that a single bishop did not yet rule at Rome at this time, and the office of pope is therefore thought to be attributed to Evaristus and his colleagues retroactively by later writers.

The Liber Pontificalis also reports that Evaristus divided Rome into several "titles" or parishes, assigning a priest to each, and that he also appointed seven deacons for the city. However, this, too, is thought to be anachronistic by both Catholic and secular scholars.

Evaristus reportedly died as a martyr and was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the Vatican.

Legacy

Very little is known at all about Evaristus, and even less is known with certainty. However, the apparent fact that he was a Jew by birth shows that Jewish Christians still held a prominent place in the Christian church at Rome 70 years after Jesus and a generation after the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E.

Evaristus' death as a martyr continues a tradition which supposes that all the early popes were martyrs and saints. However, in his case there is no confirmation of his death under persecution, and if he lived during Trajan's time rather than Domitian's, martyrdom would be unlikely. He is not listed as a martyr in current Catholic tradition.

Two decretals were ascribed to Evaristus by Pseudo-Isidore, but they are now considered to be forgeries. His feast occurs October 26.

Roman Catholic Popes
Preceded by: Clement I	Bishop of Rome Pope 98–105	Succeeded by: Alexander I

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

Benedict XVI. The Roman Martyrology. Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743.
Chapman, John. Studies on the Early Papacy. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971. ISBN 9780804611398.
Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. ISBN 9781901157604.
Jowett, George F. The Drama of the Lost Disciples. London: Covenant Pub. Co, 1968. OCLC 7181392
Loomis, Louise Ropes. The Book of Popes (Liber Pontificalis). Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8.

External links

All links retrieved November 24, 2022.

Credits

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+{{Images OK}}{{submitted}}{{approved}}{{copyedited}}
 {{Infobox Pope|
-English name=Evaristus|
+English name=Saint Evaristus|
 image=[[Image:Evaristus.jpg|150px]]|
 birth_name=Evaristus or Aristus|
@@ Line 7: / Line 8: @@
 predecessor=[[Pope Clement I|Clement I]]|
 successor=[[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]|
-birth_date=1st century [[AD]]|
+birth_date=1st century C.E.|
-birthplace=Bethlehem, Palestine|
+birthplace=[[Bethlehem]]|
 dead=dead|death_date=c. 107|
-deathplace=[[Rome]], [[Roman Empire]]|}}
+deathplace=[[Rome]]|}}
-<!--A discussion on Wikipedia produced an overwhelming consensus to end the 'style wars' by replacing styles at the start by a style infobox later in the text. It is now installed below.—>
-{{infobox popestyles|
-papal name=Pope Evaristus|
-dipstyle=His Holiness|
-offstyle=Your Holiness|
-relstyle=Holy Father|
-deathstyle=[[Saint]]|}}
-'''Pope Saint Evaristus''' was the fifth [[pope]], holding office from c. 99 to 107 [[AD]]<ref>[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: "Pope St. Evaristus"]</ref> or from 99 to 108.<ref> "[[Annuario Pontificio]]"</ref> He was also known as '''Aristus'''.
-Little is known about St Evaristus. According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]]'', he came from a family of [[Greece|Hellenic]] [[Jewish]] origin. He was elected during the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Domitian]], the time of the [[Persecution of Christians|second general persecution]].
+'''Pope Saint Evaristus''' was the fifth [[bishop of Rome]], probably holding office from c. 99 to 107-108 C.E.. He was also known as '''Aristus.''' Little is known about his reign with certainty.
-[[Eusebius]], in his ''"Ecclesiastical History IV,"'' I, stated that Evaristus died in the 12th year of the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Trajan]], after holding the office of bishop of the Romans for eight years.
+According to the ''[[Liber Pontificalis]],'' his father was a [[Greece|Hellenic]] [[Jew]] named [[Judah]] from [[Bethlehem]]. The fourth-century writer [[Eusebius]] says that Evaristus died in year 12 of the reign of the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Trajan]] (98-117) after holding the office of [[bishop]] for eight years. This means he was elected around the year 99. The ninth century's ''Liber Pontificalis,'' however, puts his [[episcopacy]] significantly earlier, relating that Evaristus was elected bishop at [[Rome]] during the reign of the [[Roman emperor]] [[Domitian]] (81-96 C.E.). Both Jews and [[Christians]] were heavily persecuted in this period, according the Christian tradition.
-It was once supposed that all the early Popes were [[martyr]]s. There is no confirmation of this in the case of Pope Evaristus, who is listed without that title in the [[Roman Martyrology]], with a feast day on October 26.<ref>"Martyrologium Romanum" (Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2001 ISBN 8820972107)</ref>
+Evaristus reportedly followed [[Clement of Rome|Clement]] as the fourth successor of [[Saint Peter]]. However, contemporary scholars generally hold that a single bishop did not yet rule at Rome at this time, and the office of [[pope]] is therefore thought to be attributed to Evaristus and his colleagues retroactively by later writers.
+{{toc}}
+The ''Liber Pontificalis'' also reports that Evaristus divided Rome into several "titles" or [[parish]]es, assigning a [[priest]] to each, and that he also appointed seven [[deacons]] for the city. However, this, too, is thought to be anachronistic by both Catholic and secular scholars.
-St Evaristus succeeded St Clement in the See of Rome during the reign of Trajan and governed the Church about eight years, as the fourth successor of St Peter. The Liber Pontificalis says that he was the son of a Hellenic Jew of Bethlehem, and, certainly incorrectly, that he divided Rome into several "titles" or Parishes, assigning a priest to each, and appointed seven deacons for the city. He is usually accorded the title of martyr, but his martyrdom is not proved. It is probable that St Evaristus was buried near St Peter's tomb in the Vatican. His [[feast day]] is celebrated on October 26.<ref>[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=633 Catholic Online - Saints & Angels: "St. Evaristus"]</ref>
+Evaristus reportedly died as a [[martyr]] and was buried near Saint Peter's tomb in the [[Vatican]].
+==Legacy==
+Very little is known at all about Evaristus, and even less is known with certainty. However, the apparent fact that he was a [[Jew]] by birth shows that [[Jewish Christians]] still held a prominent place in the Christian church at Rome 70 years after [[Jesus]] and a generation after the destruction of [[Jerusalem]] in 70 C.E.
+Evaristus' death as a [[martyr]] continues a tradition which supposes that all the early popes were martyrs and [[saint]]s. However, in his case there is no confirmation of his death under persecution, and if he lived during Trajan's time rather than Domitian's, martyrdom would be unlikely. He is not listed as a martyr in current Catholic tradition.
+Two decretals were ascribed to Evaristus by [[Pseudo-Isidore]], but they are now considered to be forgeries. His feast occurs October 26.
 {{start}}
@@ Line 35: / Line 36: @@
 {{s-aft|after=[[Pope Alexander I|Alexander I]]}}
 {{end}}
-==Notes==
-{{Ref-list}}
 ==References==
+* Benedict XVI. ''The Roman Martyrology.'' Gardners Books, 2007. ISBN 9780548133743.
+* Chapman, John. ''Studies on the Early Papacy''. Port Washington, NY: Kennikat Press, 1971. ISBN 9780804611398.
+* Fortescue, Adrian, and Scott M. P. Reid. ''The Early Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451''. Southampton: Saint Austin Press, 1997. ISBN 9781901157604.
+* Jowett, George F. ''The Drama of the Lost Disciples''. London: Covenant Pub. Co, 1968. {{OCLC|7181392}}
+* Loomis, Louise Ropes. ''The Book of Popes'' ''(Liber Pontificalis)''. Merchantville, NJ: Evolution Publishing. ISBN 1-889758-86-8.
 ==External links==
+All links retrieved November 24, 2022.
 *[http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05646a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia: ''Pope St. Evaristus'']
-*[http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_0097-0105-_Evaristus,_Sanctus,_Martyr.html Writings attributed to Pope St Evaristus]
-*[http://saints.sqpn.com/sainte39.htm Patron Saints Index: ''Pope Saint Evaristus'']
 *[http://www.catholic.org/saints/saint.php?saint_id=633 Catholic Online - Saints & Angels: ''St. Evaristus'']
 {{Popes}}
-{{Catholicism}}
-{{History of the Roman Catholic Church}}
-{{DEFAULTSORT:Evaristus}}
 [[Category:philosophy and religion]]
 [[Category:religion]]
@@ Line 57: / Line 57: @@
 [[Category:Christianity]]
 [[Category:biography]]
+[[Category:popes]]
 {{credit|251194551}}