Search results for "History of chemistry" - New World Encyclopedia
From New World Encyclopedia
- concentrations above 5.6 percent. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is ... used by the Nazi regime for the mass murder of Jews in the gas chambers of ...12 KB (1,685 words) - 13:19, 4 February 2023
- In thermodynamics and molecular chemistry, the enthalpy or heat content ... The term enthalpy was composed of the prefix en-, meaning to "put ...18 KB (2,941 words) - 18:57, 13 February 2024
- silvery white metallic element and a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... and solvent extraction, or by the reduction of its anhydrous fluoride with ...13 KB (1,750 words) - 07:39, 15 April 2024
- This chemical is used mostly as an intermediate in the production ... A minor but significant use of ethylene oxide is for the sterilization ...12 KB (1,739 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- The term acid rain is commonly used to mean the deposition of acidic ... Rain acquires additional acidity through the reaction of air pollutants ...13 KB (1,971 words) - 07:41, 14 June 2023
- quot; element used in the production of the first high-temperature ... were found to have a relatively high content of yttrium. ...12 KB (1,634 words) - 21:34, 4 June 2023
- explosive and is used in the manufacture of dynamite, which in turn is ... == History == Nitroglycerin was discovered by chemist Ascanio Sobrero ...11 KB (1,527 words) - 02:27, 16 November 2022
- a silvery metallic element that is a member of the lanthanide series of chemical ... Cerium, its alloys, and its compounds are valuable for a variety of ...15 KB (2,039 words) - 23:59, 3 December 2023
- minerals) and have a relatively low content of silica. The Earth's mantle ... Ultramafic rocks are generally composed of more than 90 percent mafic ...7 KB (892 words) - 01:30, 3 May 2023
- The atomic mass (ma) is the mass of a single atom, when the atom is ... In the history of chemistry, the first scientists to determine atomic ...13 KB (2,025 words) - 06:26, 21 August 2023
- 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science ... district near Uppsala, Sweden, the son of Svante Gustav and Carolina ...15 KB (2,260 words) - 00:32, 27 February 2023
- thought and work extended across physical chemistry, economics, and philosophy ... made significant contributions in the area of physical chemistry. Based on ...17 KB (2,500 words) - 10:38, 10 March 2023
- armaments manufacturer, and the inventor of dynamite. He owned Bofors, ... * Von Meyer, E. 1906. A History of Chemistry. London: MacMillan and Co. ...8 KB (1,208 words) - 18:04, 20 July 2023
- by isolating and identifying a host of new chemical elements, and ... * Von Meyer, E. 1906. A History of Chemistry. London: MacMillan and Co. ...12 KB (1,863 words) - 20:56, 9 February 2024
- specifically an aryl amine, consisting of a phenyl group attached to ... First, benzene is heated with a concentrated mixture of nitric acid ...13 KB (1,817 words) - 06:09, 28 July 2023
- best known as the primary ingredient of mothballs. Naphthalene is ... Trace amounts of naphthalene are produced by magnolias and certain ...13 KB (1,879 words) - 01:21, 11 November 2022
- the most universally recognized example of chirality: The left hand is ... In the context of chemistry, chirality usually refers to molecules ...24 KB (3,570 words) - 17:06, 10 December 2023
- of the actinide series. It is produced synthetically by bombarding ... Two isotopes of curium (curium-242 and curium-244) can be produced ...10 KB (1,354 words) - 06:46, 12 January 2024
- when released into air, due to refraction of light. At low concentrations ... (1790-1868) in 1812, by exposing a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine ...10 KB (1,416 words) - 22:44, 28 March 2023
- rare metal. Obtained as a byproduct of molybdenum refinement, it is ... This mineral, however, is not an economically viable source of the element. ...10 KB (1,384 words) - 20:01, 8 December 2022
- Centrifugation is a process that involves the use of the centrifugal ... acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density ...7 KB (963 words) - 23:56, 3 December 2023
- are regularly observed in the spectra of supernovae. == History == Californium was first synthesized by University of California ...11 KB (1,466 words) - 18:27, 25 November 2023
- mercury-vapor lamps. A radioactive isotope of scandium [Sc-46] is used as ... the only known concentrated sources of this element. It is also found ...12 KB (1,615 words) - 17:06, 25 January 2023
- proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of ... Protons are spin-1/2 fermions and are composed of three quarks, making ...10 KB (1,600 words) - 08:20, 2 December 2022
- gray metal. It was discovered in a variety of columbite (now called niobite ... often also contain tantalum. Large deposits of niobium have been found associated ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 04:59, 15 November 2022
- is a soft, silvery-white metallic element of the alkali metal group. Rb ... and zinnwaldite, which contains traces of up to one percent of its oxide ...14 KB (1,892 words) - 20:57, 21 December 2022
- for extracting alkaloids (such as morphine) of pharmaceutical importance from ... == History == Chloroform was first prepared in July 1831, by the American ...14 KB (1,907 words) - 17:08, 10 December 2023
- is a silvery white, soft metal. It has one of the highest melting points ... free in nature. The main commercial source of molybdenum is the mineral molybdenite ...14 KB (1,925 words) - 19:51, 9 November 2022
- quot;) is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the ... The main use of chromatography is to purify a certain material from ...17 KB (2,480 words) - 21:51, 10 December 2023
- is a rare, hard, white metal. It is a member of the platinum group of elements ... platinum group metals in the Ural Mountains of western Russia and in parts ...13 KB (1,814 words) - 18:24, 22 December 2022
- A covalent bond is a type of chemical bond characterized by the sharing ... The electron pair interacts with the nuclei of both atoms, and this ...15 KB (2,401 words) - 06:13, 11 January 2024
- silvery-white, inert metal. It is a member of the platinum group of elements ... it is a symbol of wealth and is occasionally used in the presentation ...13 KB (1,685 words) - 20:04, 8 December 2022
- properties are intermediate between those of metals and nonmetals. It is ... The development of the germanium transistor opened the door to numerous ...13 KB (1,672 words) - 09:43, 5 December 2022
- for metalworking, and for the production of superalloys for jet engine ... Egypt, Canada, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, Nigeria ...14 KB (1,813 words) - 03:03, 19 April 2023
- descendants, the Du Pont family, were one of America's richest and ... During its nearly 200 year history, Irénée du Pont's business ...10 KB (1,478 words) - 21:44, 29 December 2021
- slightly radioactive metal and is a member of the actinide series. It can ... as lead. Soil commonly contains an average of around 12 parts per million ...14 KB (1,909 words) - 23:00, 30 April 2023
- scale from natural gas and as a by-product of petroleum refining. The chief use of ethane is as a petrochemical feedstock for ethylene ...16 KB (2,309 words) - 01:40, 19 March 2022
- It is being used to inhibit the formation of natural gas clathrates in long ... == History == Ethylene glycol was first prepared in 1859 by the French ...16 KB (2,258 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- alloyed with beryllium, it can be a source of neutrons. In addition, the ... abundance is approximately 0.2 percent that of radium. It has also been identified ...11 KB (1,554 words) - 08:39, 24 November 2022
- This metal is an important component of many alloys, including bronze ... with an abundance in the Earth's crust of about two parts per million ...16 KB (2,335 words) - 23:38, 30 April 2023
- and tasteless gas. It is the product of the incomplete combustion of ... technology, being a precursor to a myriad of useful—even life-saving—products ...20 KB (2,871 words) - 19:08, 26 November 2023
- who made important contributions to chemistry and physics and established ... At the same time, Boyle was convinced of the existence of God and ...20 KB (3,111 words) - 21:10, 16 April 2023
- is commonly regarded as the fundamental unit of counting and measurement. For ... known as the "identity element" of multiplication (or multiplicative ...16 KB (2,188 words) - 06:29, 13 June 2023
- extreme care. It has been used in a number of murders, earning the nickname ... for low-temperature measurements. Crystals of thallium bromide-iodide have ...13 KB (1,784 words) - 15:06, 30 April 2023
- and the first member of this group to be produced synthetically. Its ... Trace amounts of neptunium are found naturally as decay products from ...11 KB (1,451 words) - 16:21, 11 November 2022
- noted for his contributions to physical chemistry and statistical mechanics ... Josiah Willard Gibbs was the only son and the fourth of five children ...19 KB (2,786 words) - 05:25, 7 May 2024
- Its chemical properties are similar to those of zinc, and it is found in zinc ... plastics stabilizers, and many kinds of solder. In nuclear reactors ...16 KB (2,248 words) - 10:14, 25 November 2023
- Fiberglass or glass fiber is material made from extremely fine fibers ... Glass fiber is formed when thin strands of silica-based or other formulation ...14 KB (2,135 words) - 17:33, 26 March 2024
- Under normal conditions of room temperature and pressure, it is a ... J. R. Partington, A Short History of Chemistry, 3rd ed. (New York: ...20 KB (2,927 words) - 02:28, 16 November 2022
- Saccharin is a synthetic organic compound that tastes hundreds of ... and so forth, which stimulate the sense of taste. However, sweet things ...13 KB (1,943 words) - 00:18, 22 August 2022
