Search results for "Ionization energy" - New World Encyclopedia

are known as the electon affinity and ionization energy of a given element ... as related to electron affinity and ionization energy. In a covalent bond ...

The ionization potential (or ionization energy) of an atom or molecule ... The ionization energy of metals is generally much lower than that ...

asteroid into the upper atmosphere, an ionization trail is created, as molecules ... dissipates, megawatts of electromagnetic energy could be released, with a ...

charges move independently, their energy being too great for stable ... electron temperature relative to the ionization energy (and more weakly by ...

displacement is stored as potential energy within the dielectric. When ... as the ratio of the amount of electrical energy stored in an insulator when ...

In addition, the electronegativity and ionization energy values for the metalloids lie between those of the metals and nonmetals. ...

accelerator. Cyclotrons provide high-energy beams for nuclear physics ... electrodes), combined with the increasing energy of the particles forces the ...

* Most nonmetals have high values of ionization energy. * In forming molecules, nonmetals tend to share electrons to form covalent bonds. ...

In the classical view, an alpha particle does not have enough energy ... the atomic nucleus in an excited (higher energy) state. To remove the excess ...

are the quantum states (or discrete energy states) that electrons surrounding ... as these experiments measure the ionization energy, the difference in ...

particles or nuclei accelerated in high energy regions of the universe. ... radiation interacts with and transfers its energy to an atomic electron giving ...

Aside from francium, it has the lowest ionization potential of all the elements ... second based on oscillations between two energy levels of the cesium-133 ...

tends to decrease, and the first ionization energy (energy required to ... are more of them present), requiring more energy to remove the electrons. ...

Fenn for the development of electrospray ionization (ESI) and Koichi Tanaka ... Techniques for ionization have been key to determining what types ...

able to contain particles with such a high energy. The origin of cosmic rays ... Observations have shown that cosmic rays with an energy above 10 GeV ...

by the release or absorption of energy. Iron and nickel nuclei have ... to a nucleus. For example, the ionization energy gained by adding an ...

by modern science in terms of the energy of the atoms or molecules ... defined by a material boundary or potential energy barrier. ...

radiation (alpha, beta, or gamma, and the energy), its consequent capacity ... Not all types of electromagnetic radiation are carcinogenic. Low-energy ...

positive charge. They have the lowest ionization energies in their respective ... reactions also often liberate sufficient energy to ignite the hydrogen and ...

The energy needed for the reaction is provided by the part oxidation ... process), in which no oxygen is added and energy is transferred indirectly ...

which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation ... Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and to drive the ...

across the p-n junction causes a wave of ionization, reminiscent of an avalanche ... thousands or millions of electron volts of energy, generates many charge carrier ...

and partly because of the high kinetic energy of the particles. ... solar flare. This is a sudden outburst of energy from the Sun's atmosphere ...

Since fluorescent lamps use considerably less energy than incandescent ... atom to temporarily jump up to a higher energy level to absorb some, or ...

* In nuclear energy applications, it is used in bubble chambers, probes ... of its high molecular weight, ease of ionization, storability as a liquid ...

of air friction is useful for flywheel energy storage and ultracentrifuges. ... sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This ...

is much cooler than the sun, it radiates energy at much longer wavelengths ... that are of the same magnitude as the energy of the photons on infrared ...

percent of the solar system's mass. Energy from the Sun—in the form ... million tons of matter are converted into energy each second, producing neutrinos ...

space, and that most of the radiation energy in the universe is in the ... which is much less than the 13.6 eV ionization energy of hydrogen. Since ...

hydrogen, and its specific heat (amount of energy required to raise the temperature ... the other noble gases, it has metastable energy levels that allow it to remain ...

An absolute requirement for life is an energy source, and the notion ... as ozone formation, but not so much that ionization destroys incipient life. ...

Sun, which is the source of most of the energy on Earth. Other stars are ... html A Brief History of High-Energy (X-ray & Gamma-Ray) Astronomy ...

and 500 MJ (megajoules), or enough energy to power a 100 watt lightbulb ... driven apart by the above mechanism and energy is stored in the electric ...

is, a significant portion of the total energy output from the galaxy is ... nucleus results from the gravitational energy of matter as it falls toward ...

undergo before fracture by releasing strain energy. CNTs are not nearly ... magnetic axis, and potentially store energy at a density approaching ...

water is removed from molecules (through energy-requiring enzymatic reactions ... Photosynthetic cells use the Sun's energy to split off water's ...

The use of two x-ray units makes possible the use of dual energy imaging ... 2004, Interpretation of whole body dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measures ...