Yonsei University

Yonsei University main building.

This article refers to the South Korean private university. For the fourth-generation Japanese American Yonsei Japanese-American, see Japanese American.

Yonsei University (IPA: /'jənsɛː/)m a private, coeducational university located in Seoul, South Korea, has earned recognition as one of the leading universities in Korea. Korean people often express that noting that Yonsei belongs to the "SKY" universities, along with Seoul National University and Korea University in South Korea.

The university formally established in January, 1957 through the union of Yonhi College and Severance Union Medical College out of long-lasting bilateral cooperation between the two colleges begun in the 1920s. Yonhi stands as one of the first modern colleges, founded originally as Chosun Christian College in March, 1915, and Severence has its roots in the first modern medical center in Korea, Gwanghyewon, founded in April, 1885 by American Presbyterian missionary Horace N. Allen. As a tribute, the name 'Yon-sei' derived from the first syllables of the names of its two parent institutions.

History

Yonsei University
연세대학교

Motto	The truth will set you free. (John 8:32) 진리가 너희를 자유롭게 할 것이다. (요한복음 8:32)
Established	Hospital established in 1885 by royal support, college installed in 1915. The university was established in January 5 1957 by merger of two.
Type	Private
Staff	5,155
President	Jung, Chang-yeong
Faculty	3,397
Students	35,132
Undergraduates	24,474
Postgraduates	10,658
Location	Seoul, South Korea
Campus	Urban
Mascot	Eagle
Website	www.yonsei.ac.kr/eng/

Yonsei University
Hangul 연세대학교 Hanja 延世大學校 Revised Romanization Yeonse Daehakgyo McCune-Reischauer Yŏnse Taehakkyo

Beginnings (1885-1916)

The Yonsei University Medical School dates back to April 10, 1885, when Horace Allen established the first modern hospital to practice western medicine in Korea, Gwanghyewon (광혜원 廣惠院, House of Extended Grace). The hospital, founded by Horace Newton Allen, the American protestant missionary appointed to Korea by the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A (from here on the Church). King Gojong renamed he hospital Jejungwon (제중원 濟衆院, House of Universal Helpfulness) on April 23. The Church appointed Oliver R. Avison to run Jejungwon on July 16, 1893, Dr. Allen having been appointed US Ambassador to Korea years before. Initially, the Royal Palace financed Gwanghyewon while the Church provided the medical staff. By 1894 when the First Sino-Japanese War and Gabo reforms took place, the hospital lost government financial support, the management of Jejungwon now came fully under the Church. In 1899 Avison returned to the United States, attending a conference of missionaries in New York where he elaborated on the medical project in Korea. Louis H. Sevrance, a businessman and philanthropist from Cleveland, Ohio, in attendance, deeply moved, paid for the major portion of the construction cost of new buildings for the medical facility. The Presbyterian mission in Korea renamed Jejungwon renamed Severance Hospital in his name.

Jejungwon (later Severance Hospital) served primarily a hospital but also performed medical education as an attachment. The hospital admitted its first class of sixteen medical students selected through examinations in 1886, one year after its establishment. By 1899, Jejungwon Medical School became independently and officially recognized. Following the increase of diversity in missionary denominations in Korea, collaboration began to form. Jejungwon received medical staff, school faculty and financial support from the Union Council of Korean Missionaries (한국연합선교협의회) in 1912, the medical school taking the new name Severance Union Medical College in 1913.

Apart from the medial college, the rest of Yonsei University traces its origins to Chosun Christian College (조선기독교대학) founded on March 5, 1915 by another American Protestant missionary sent by the Church, Horace Grant Underwood. Underwood became the first president, and Avison vice president. Located at YMCA, courses began in April of that year with sixty students and eighteen faculty members. Underwood died of illness on October 12, 1916, Avison taking over as president.

Under Japanese Rule (I) (1917 - 1936)

On August 22, 1910, Japan annexed Korea with the Japan-Korea Annexation Treaty. The first Governor-General of Korea, Terauchi Masatake, introduced Ordinance on Chosun Education (조선교육령) in 1911, and subsequently Regulations on Professional Schools (전문학교 규칙) and Revised Regulations on Private Schools (개정사립학교 규칙) in March, 1915. The Japanese intended the regulations to stifle private education in Korea. Any establishment of schools, any change in school regulations, location, its purpose, coursework or textbooks must receive authorization from the governor-general. Professors must teach all courses in Japanese.

Severance Union College struggled to meet those requirements. School regulations and coursework altered, the faculty evaluated and increased, its foundation and its board clarified. Yoni received recognition as a professional medical school on May 14, 1917. In 1922 the governor-general Makoto Saito issued Revised Ordinance on Chosun Education (개정조선교육령) calling for more strict qualification of the faculty. Severance responded obediently, recruited more faculty members with degrees from accredited institutions in North America and Europe. Japan conditionally recognized the competence of the college. In 1923 Severance recovered its right to give medical license to its graduates without state examination, a right lost since 1912. In March, 1934, Japanese Ministry of Education and Culture further recognized Severance by allowing graduates the right to practice medicine anywhere within Japanese sovereignty. Oh Geung Seon (吳兢善) became the first Korean president of Severance in 1934.

Ordinances in 1915 and 1922 also affected the fate of Chosun Christian College. First intended as a college, Japan refused to recognize that legally since the Ordinance (1915) prohibited the establishment of Korean private colleges. Hence Chosun Christian College, renamed Yonhi College, received formal acceptance only as a professional school on April 17, 1917, then a joint project from diverse missionary denominations. Yonhi in reality had formed the organization and faculty becoming a university consisting of six departments: humanities, agriculture, commerce, theology, mathematics & physics, and applied chemistry. The ordinances, furthermore, prohibited coursework in Korean history, its geography, or in Bible outside the department of theology. The Council of Missionaries reacted with A Resolution on the Revised Educational Ordinance (개정교육령에 관한 결의문) carefully pointing out that Japan applied more rigorous standards to Korean universties and schools than to its private schools in mainland Japan.

After March First Independence Movement swept the peninsula in 1919, Japan somewhat relaxed its grip on Korea, reflected in the Ordinance (1922). The Governor-General ceased the arbitrary control over the coursework and the qualification of faculty members, altering its stance on strict separation of religion from all education. Japan recognized Yonhi as a professional school equal to its counterparts in Japan, permitting Christian programs and the Bible in its coursework. Japanese literature became mandatory, in turn. Under Japanese intervention, Professors taught Korean history under the name Eastern History and they taught Korean language whenever possible. Yonhi freely admitted non-Christians, encouraging the majority of Christian students to gradually influence and assimilate them.

Severance and Yonhi maintained close ties with Independence Movement. Many faculty members and students of Severance and Yonhi directly involved in the March First Independence Movement. Severance continued its contribution by printing The Independence in the basement of one of its buildings, Yonhi actively supporting the cause of independence. By the end of the Independence Movement, only seventeen students remained in the college. Yonhi students actively participated in the Chosun Student Council for Scientific Research (조선학생과학연구회), one of the leading groups in the Mansei movement of June 10, 1926. Yonhi Student Council and many faculty members, belonging to the clandestine Shin Gan Society (신간회 新幹會), gave full support to the Gwangju Student Movement. In the aftermath, Japanese police apprehended students, exposing the Shin Gan Society. Later, students actively participated in V Narod (브나로드) and Student Enlightenment Movement (학생계몽운동) during 1929-1930.

Under Japanese Rule (II): The War Machine (1937-1945)

In the late 1930s, Japan again shifted its policy towards Korea to incorporate it to its scheme of expansionism. In August, 1936, the new Japanese Governor-General Jirō Minami began the assimilation of Koreans, to force them to serve the Japanese military. The Governor-General enforced Sōshi-kaimei and Shintoism on Koreans, while recruiting Koreans for Japanese war efforts. In April 1938, the third Ordinance on Chosun Education ordered the acceptance of Shintoism, voluntary removal of Korean language in coursework, and further intensification of Japanese and Japanese history education. Yonhi Professional School refused to cooperate, opening courses on the study of Korean language in November, 1938. Japan reacted in March, 1940, forcing Yonhi to open courses on Japanese studies for each department and each grade level.

From 1938, the Japanese restricted the teaching of English following a deterioration of relations between Japan and United States. The Governor General forbade coursework in English while censoring texts of English writers.

In 1938, President H.H. Underwood accepted the practice of Shintoism to avoid the fate of Yonhi's termination. Governors-General pushed Yonhi to refuse financial support from United States and financial difficulties amounted.
On individual level, Yonhi faculty members and its students were apprehended or investigated during this period for their involvement in real and alleged resistance movements.
In 1939, the United States government recalled all its citizens and missionaries in Korea; Underwood and some of the faculty refused to leave Korea until forced to in 1941-1942 following the outbreak of the pacific war. Japanese military officers were dispatched in Yonhi for military training of its students in 1940 and forced labor began in 1941. Scientific equipments, building parts, and even the Underwood statue were seized then the school yard was turned into drill ground. On August 17, 1942, the board was dismissed and Yonhi was designated as enemy property, and thus was appropriated and further managed directly by an apointee from the Governors-General. Yonhi ceased to be a place of education and was converted into a tool for assimilation of Koreans and exploitation of manpower. By October, 1943, students were practically being conscripted. In 1944 dormitories were converted into barracks and campus was occupied by the Japanese air force. Finally, on May 10, 1944, Governors-General closed Yonhi and replaced it with Kyungsung Industrial Management School (경성공업경영학교), the primary purpose of which was to train engineers required to continue the war.

Due to their value in the time of war, medical students of Severance were not a target of "voluntary recruitment," but Severance also faced Sōshi-kaimei, military training, and constant surveillance by the Japanese authorities. Severance was coerced into changing its name to Asahi(旭) in 1942.

Liberation and the Korean War (1946 - 1952)

Severance was now approved as a college by the liberated Korean government in 1947. Since the majority of medical institutions in Korea was run by the Japanese, medical staff and faculty were in short supply after their departure. Thus many members of Severance staff and faculty left Severance to assist other institutions. Severance also took up the role of student leadership, and was outspoken against US-Soviet occupation. In 1950, during the outbreak of the Korean War Severance functioned as a field hospital until Seoul was overrun. Severance fled hurriedly but some faculty members and students were unable to leave in time; some were killed and others were captured then exploited by the advancing North Koreans. Severance seniors joined the military as army surgeons. Although Severance returned to Seoul for a while after its recapture, it had to flee again in December on a LST in Incheon. When Severance arrived in Busan, its medical school joined the wartime college, a temporary body. Meanwhile, the Severance facility in Seoul received heavy damage, as it was located in the center of the city near the Seoul station. Severance Hospital again returned on April 1, 1952, and its medical college on June 12, 1952.

The US Military initially neglected the restitution Yonhi and held other plans to utilize it as a military hospital or judiciary training center. With time, nevertheless, Yonhi came to be viewed as a missionary institution that was dispossessed by the Governor-General. Yonhi was able to open its doors again on January 21, 1946 and on August 15, 1946, was recognized as a university. Baek Nak Jun became president. It was a period of transition, and Yonhi University faced numerous obstacles including financial ones; it was after 1947 that things settled down. At the time, Korea lacked teachers and Yonhi was asked to provide education and training; Temporary Training Center for Secondary School Teachers in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry (임시 수물화학과 중등교원양성소) was established. In December, 1948, plans for unification of Yonhi and Severance began to take form. Graduate School was formed in July, 1950.
It was at this point that all progress came to a halt due to the Korean War. The university suspended all courses on June 27 and recruited student soldiers. The North Korean military advanced into Yonhi campus and established its headquarters there. This was a cause of severe damage to the campus when the US military recaptured Seoul in September. The university reopened following the recapture of Seoul, but it was once more on the run to Busan in December. On February, 1951, Yonhi joined the wartime college; however, Yonhi kept an independent body and opened its own courses on October 3, 1951. On April 15, 1953 Yonhi began its work on restoration; Yonhi returned to its campus in the fall.

1953 - 1959

In 1957, Severance Medical College and Hospital and Yonhi University merged to form Yonsei University. Today, Yonsei operates its main campus in Seoul and a satellite campus in Wonju, Gangwon Province.

Sources: The sections Beginnings, Under Japanese Rule(I), Under Japanese Rule(II): The War Machine, Liberation and the Korean War are largely based on 연세대학교백년사 100 Years of Yonsei University History, Yonsei University Press.

Reputation

Yonsei is regarded as one of the most prestigious in South Korea. Yonsei University belongs to a group of three universities in Korea nicknamed "SKY" schools. The acronym was coined from the initial letters of the three highly exclusive universities in Korea: Seoul National University, Korea University, and Yonsei University. The general notion is that the alumni of the "SKY" schools have, more or less, held major positions in diverse fields in Korean society for decades. Therefore an admission into these three universities is arguably considered the first step into the high society. Unsurprisingly, this widely accepted view fuels tough competition in high school education in Korea..

University shield

The "ㅇ" and "ㅅ" in the University shield are derived from the first letters of "연세"(Yonsei). The circle "ㅇ" represents the ideal of a complete and well-rounded person, while the "ㅅ" symbolizes the upward-looking strife for scholarly excellence. In addition, the "ㅇ" stands for Heaven, the "-" represents the horizon of the Earth, and "ㅅ" signifies "Man" as expressed in the Chinese character (人). The open book stands for Truth, the torchlight signifies Freedom, and the shield protects these two core principles of the University.

Yonsei University is also the home of the most reputable Korean language Institute in Korea. Yonsei KLI caters to students studying Korean from all parts of the world with a focus on Grammar and Writing.

Organization

Colleges Seoul Campus University College College of Liberal Arts College of Business and Economics The School of Business College of Science College of Engineering College of Theology College of Social Sciences College of Law College of Music College of Human Ecology College of Education Science College of Medicine College of Dentistry College of Nursing Underwood International College Wonju Campus College of Humanities and Arts College of Sciences and Technologies College of Government and Business College of Health Sciences Wonju College of Medicine

Graduate Schools Graduate School United Graduate School of Theology Graduate School of International Studies Graduate School of Information Graduate School of Communication and Arts Graduate School of Social Welfare Graduate School of Business Administration Graduate School of Education Graduate School of Public Administration Graduate School of Engineering Graduate School of Journalism and Mass Communication Graduate School of Law Graduate School of Human Environmental Sciences Graduate School of Economics Research Institutes University-wide Research Institutes Intercollegiate Research Institutes College Affiliated Research Institutes Foreign Language Institute Medical Center Severance Hospital

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• List of colleges and universities in South Korea
• Education in South Korea

Notable Alumni

• Literature
  • Yun Tong-ju: Poet

• Business
  • Kim Woo-jung: Former founder and CEO of Daewoo Corp.
  • Bang, Woo Young: Honorary President and former CEO of Chosun Daily Newspaper
  • Lee, Jae Woong: Founder and CEO of Daum Communications
  • Song, Ja: Former President of Yonsei University and current CEO of Daekyo
  • Park, Sam Koo: CEO of Kumho Group
  • Choi, Do suk: CFO of Samsung Electronics

• Politics and Government
  • Kim, Hak-Su, UN Under-Secretary-General
  • Kang, Young Woo.Member Natl Council On Disability Status
  • Han, Seung-Soo President of Fifty-Sixth United Nations General Assembly
  • Kim, Woo Sik: Minister of Ministry of Science and Technology
  • Yun, Kwan : Former Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Korea

• Sports and Entertainment
  • Bong, Joon Ho, Movie Director, The Host
  • Hu, Jung Moo: Former coach of Korean National Soccer team
  • Im, Sung Hoon: Popular show host
  • Kim, Dong Ryul: Former member of 'Exhibition'
  • Park Jin-Young: Popular musician, CEO of JYP Entertainment
  • Yoon, Jong Shin: A pop singer, debut album 'In the Empty Street'

External links

• Yonsei University (Korean / English)
• Yonsei Korean Language Institute
• "Yonsei's Songdo Campus Feared to Touch Off Property Speculation", The Korea Times, January 31, 2006.
• Division of International Education and Exchange - organizing exchange student program, interntaional summer session and other inter-university study programs.
• Global Lounge

SKY Universities of Korea

Seoul National • Korea • Yonsei

Administrative divisions (Gu) of Seoul

Dobong-gu · Dongdaemun-gu · Dongjak-gu · Eunpyeong-gu · Gangbuk-gu · Gangdong-gu · Gangnam-gu · Gangseo-gu · Geumcheon-gu · Guro-gu · Gwanak-gu · Gwangjin-gu · Jongno-gu · Jung-gu · Jungnang-gu · Mapo-gu · Nowon-gu · Seocho-gu · Seodaemun-gu · Seongbuk-gu · Seongdong-gu · Songpa-gu · Yangcheon-gu · Yeongdeungpo-gu · Yongsan-gu

Wonju Campus Language Instititute http://ysli.com)