Difference between revisions of "National Geographic Magazine" - New World Encyclopedia
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| + | [[Image:1915NatGeog.jpg|thumb|175px|Cover of January, 1915 ''National Geographic Magazine'']] | ||
| − | + | '''''The National Geographic Magazine''''', later shortened to '''''National Geographic''''', is the official journal of the [[National Geographic Society]]. It has become one of the world's best-known [[magazine]]s and is immediately identifiable by the characteristic yellow border running around the edge of its cover. There are 12 monthly issues of ''National Geographic'' per year, plus additional map supplements. On rare occasions, special editions are also issued. It contains articles about [[geography]], popular [[science]], world [[history]], [[culture]], current events, and [[photography]]. The magazine and society are headquartered in Washington, D.C. | |
| − | '''''The National Geographic Magazine''''', later shortened to '''''National Geographic''''', is the official journal of the [[National Geographic Society]]. It has become one of the world's best-known [[ | ||
| − | |||
| − | The magazine and society are headquartered in Washington, D.C. | ||
==History== | ==History== | ||
| − | ''National Geographic'' published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the founding of the | + | ''National Geographic'' published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the founding of the [[National Geographic Society]]. It became a monthly magazine in 1896. Under the leadership of Gilbert Grosvenor, the magazine began to focus less on technical articles and more on general interest subjects. Grosvenor also pushed the magazine to its current format of featuring large, high quality photographs. By 1908, 50 percent of the magazine was composed of photographs.<ref>[http://www.trivia-library.com/b/history-of-national-geographic-magazine-part-1.htm History of National Geographic Magazine] TriviaLibrary.com. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref> |
==Format== | ==Format== | ||
===Articles=== | ===Articles=== | ||
| − | During the [[Cold War]], the magazine committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the physical and human geography of nations beyond the [[Iron Curtain]]. | + | During the [[Cold War]], the magazine committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the physical and human [[geography]] of [[nation-state|nations]] beyond the [[Iron Curtain]]. The magazine printed articles on [[Berlin]], de-occupied [[Austria]], the [[Soviet Union]], and Communist [[China]] that deliberately downplayed [[politics]] to focus on [[culture]]. In its coverage of the [[space exploration|Space Race]], ''National Geographic'' focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup. |
| − | In recent years the once-benign articles became outspoken on issues such as environment, deforestation, global warming, and endangered species - a scope expanded to topics well beyond exploration curiosities. Series of articles were included focusing on the history of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an | + | In recent years the once-benign articles became outspoken on issues such as environment, deforestation, [[global warming]], and [[endangered species]] - a scope expanded to topics well beyond exploration curiosities. Series of articles were included focusing on the history of specific products such as a single [[metal]], [[gem]], [[food]] crop, or [[agriculture|agricultural]] product, or an [[archaeology|archaeological]] discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a single country, past [[civilization]], natural resource, or other theme. Also in recent decades, the [[National Geographic Society]] has unveiled other magazines each with a different focus. |
===Photography=== | ===Photography=== | ||
| − | In addition to being well-known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world; the magazine has also long been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of [[photography]]. This standard makes it the home to some of the highest-quality | + | In addition to being well-known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world; the magazine has also long been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of [[photography]]. This standard makes it the home to some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. The magazine began to feature color photography in the early twentieth century, when this technology was still rare. During the 1930s, Luis Marden (1913 - 2003), a writer and photographer for ''National Geographic'', convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use small 35 mm cameras over bulkier cameras with tripods and glass plates. |
| + | |||
| + | In 1959, the magazine started publishing photographs on its covers. ''National Geographic'' photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its magazine on paper and its award-winning Web site. In subsequent years, the magazine cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, for a large photograph taken from one of the month's articles inside. National Geographic, more than most other magazines, was often prized and kept by subscribers for years, and sometimes re-sold at thrift stores. | ||
| − | Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides [[map]]s of the regions visited. The Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own [[cartography|cartographic]] resources were limited. President Franklin Roosevelt's White House map room was filled with National Geographic maps. | + | Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides [[map]]s of the regions visited. The Society's map archives have been used by the [[United States]] government in instances where its own [[cartography|cartographic]] resources were limited. President [[Franklin Roosevelt]]'s [[White House]] map room was filled with ''National Geographic'' maps. A ''National Geographic'' map of Europe is featured in the displays of the [[Winston Churchhill]] [[museum]] in [[London]] showing Churchhill's markings at the [[Yalta Conference]] where the Allied and Russian leaders divided post-war [[Europe]].<ref>October 2000. [http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb3343/is_200010/ai_n8058574 A Presence at Yalta] National Geographic. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref> In 2001, National Geographic released an eight [[CD-ROM]] set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000. |
===Language editions=== | ===Language editions=== | ||
| − | + | By the end of the twentieth century, ''National Geographic'' magazine was published in thirty-two different language editions around the world. | |
| − | In April 2005, an [[Indonesia]]n edition launched, published by Gramedia Majalah - Jakarta. A [[ | + | In April 2005, an [[Indonesia]]n edition launched, published by Gramedia Majalah - Jakarta. A [[Bulgaria]]n edition of the magazine launched in November, 2005 and a [[Slovenia]]n edition launched in May, 2006. A [[Serbia]]n edition of ''National Geographic'' was launched with the November 2006 issue. |
| − | In contrast to the [[United States]], where membership in the National Geographic Society was | + | In contrast to the [[United States]], where membership in the [[National Geographic Society]] was formerly the only way to receive the magazine, the worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in additon to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as [[Hungary]], Slovenia, [[Croatia]], and ''Turkey'', ''National Geographic'' paved the way for a subscription model for magazines in addition to traditional newsstand sales. |
==Notable Events== | ==Notable Events== | ||
===Paul Salopek=== | ===Paul Salopek=== | ||
| − | A two-time [[Pulitzer prize]] winning writer on assignment for National Geographic | + | A two-time [[Pulitzer prize]] winning writer on assignment for ''National Geographic'' for a feature article on the Sahel region, Paul Salopek, and two [[Chad]]ian assistants were arrested and charged in August 2006 with [[espionage]], entering [[Sudan]] without a visa, and other [[crime]]s by the Government of Sudan. After ''National Geographic'' and the ''Chicago Tribune'', for whom Salopek also wrote, mounted a legal defense and led an international appeal to Sudan from such world figures as [[Jimmy Carter]], Reverend Jesse Jackson, Bono, and many prominent journalists and press organizations, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson was invited to Sudan by President Omar al-Bashir. In a meeting the night of Richardson's arrival, al-Bashir said he would release Salopek on humanitarian grounds. ''National Geographic'' Editor-in-Chief Chris Johns flew with Richardson and others to El Fashir in Northern Darfur where Salopek was jailed. Salopek was released and flew back home with his wife to New Mexico. His two assistants from Chad were also released and returned to their country.<ref>August 2006. [http://arabist.net/archives/2006/08/27/sudan-charges-paul-salopek-with-espionage/ Sudan charges Paul Salopek with espionage] Arabist.net. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref><ref>August 2006. [http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/chi-0608280219aug28,0,6562479.story The `passionate witness'] The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref><ref>September 2006. [http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/africa/09/08/sudan.journalist/index.html Sudan reportedly will free Tribune reporter] CNN. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref> |
===Sharbat Gula=== | ===Sharbat Gula=== | ||
| − | The famous cover | + | The famous [http://i60.photobucket.com/albums/h7/ZillionaireL/SharbatHi.jpg cover photograph] of the June 1985 issue of ''National Geographic'' was of an [[Afghanistan|Afghan]] [[refugee]], a beautiful young girl with hauntingly green eyes. The photograph was taken at the Nasir Bagh refugee camp in 1984, by photographer Steve McCurry. The girl was one of the students in an informal school within the refugee camp; McCurry, rarely given the opportunity to photograph Afghan women, seized the opportunity and captured her image. She was approximately 12 years old at the time. |
| + | |||
| + | Although her name was not known, her picture, titled "Afghan Girl," appeared on the June 1985 cover of ''National Geographic''. The image of her face, with a red scarf draped loosely over her head and with her piercing sea-green eyes staring directly into the camera, became a symbol both of the 1980s Afghan conflict and of the refugee situation worldwide. The image itself was named as "the most recognized photograph" in the history of the magazine. | ||
| + | |||
| + | After the US-led invasion of Afghanistan a search was conducted for the (presumably grown) girl. Remarkably, the photographer found her, and she was identified in 2002 as Sharbat Gula, a [[Pashtun]] woman married and living with her family, and quite unaware of her fame as a photographic subject. Her story was told in the [http://magma.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/afghangirl/index.html April 2002 issue] of ''National Geographic'' and in a ''National Geographic'' [[television]] documentary. She claimed that the two famous photos of her, the one from 1985 and the follow-up in 2002, were virtually the only times she had ever been photographed. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A fund named after Gula was created and originally funded by the Society and contributed to by thousands of readers which resulted in a partnership between ''National Geographic'' and the Asia Foundation in the creation of a girls' school in Afghanistan that taught hundreds of teenage girls with both a [[vocational training|vocational]] and basic [[education]], in addition to a hot meal and health care.<ref>[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/foundation/partnerships.html Partnerships] National Geographic Foundation. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref> The funds also contributed to the construction of a public school for girls in Kabul.<ref>Stuteville, George. September 2002. [http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/09/0909_afghanfund.html Afghan Girls to Benefit From NG-Sponsored Education Fund] National Geographic News. Retrieved December 15, 2006</ref> | ||
| + | |||
| + | ==Awards== | ||
| + | In 2000 ''National Geographic'' won a National Magazine Award for General Excellence, the most prestigious award in the [[magazine]] industry. In 2005 it won a National Magazine Award in the essays category, honoring excellence in essay writing. The magazine's website won a National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online in 2002, followed in 2003 by the International Web Pages Best of Festival and the Webby's 2004 People's Voice Award for Best Print and Zines.<ref>[http://press.nationalgeographic.com/pressroom/index.jsp?pageID=factSheets_detail&siteID=1&cid=1052839802576 National Geographic Press Room] Retrieved January 23, 2007.</ref> | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
| Line 41: | Line 50: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ ''National Geographic'' online] | *[http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ ''National Geographic'' online] | ||
| − | + | *[http://www7.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0702/index.html ''National Geographic'' magazine website] | |
{{Credit1|National_Geographic_Magazine|92739474|}} | {{Credit1|National_Geographic_Magazine|92739474|}} | ||
Revision as of 22:59, 23 January 2007
The National Geographic Magazine, later shortened to National Geographic, is the official journal of the National Geographic Society. It has become one of the world's best-known magazines and is immediately identifiable by the characteristic yellow border running around the edge of its cover. There are 12 monthly issues of National Geographic per year, plus additional map supplements. On rare occasions, special editions are also issued. It contains articles about geography, popular science, world history, culture, current events, and photography. The magazine and society are headquartered in Washington, D.C.
History
National Geographic published its first issue in October 1888, nine months after the founding of the National Geographic Society. It became a monthly magazine in 1896. Under the leadership of Gilbert Grosvenor, the magazine began to focus less on technical articles and more on general interest subjects. Grosvenor also pushed the magazine to its current format of featuring large, high quality photographs. By 1908, 50 percent of the magazine was composed of photographs.[1]
Format
Articles
During the Cold War, the magazine committed itself to presenting a balanced view of the physical and human geography of nations beyond the Iron Curtain. The magazine printed articles on Berlin, de-occupied Austria, the Soviet Union, and Communist China that deliberately downplayed politics to focus on culture. In its coverage of the Space Race, National Geographic focused on the scientific achievement while largely avoiding reference to the race's connection to nuclear arms buildup.
In recent years the once-benign articles became outspoken on issues such as environment, deforestation, global warming, and endangered species - a scope expanded to topics well beyond exploration curiosities. Series of articles were included focusing on the history of specific products such as a single metal, gem, food crop, or agricultural product, or an archaeological discovery. Occasionally an entire month's issue would be devoted to a single country, past civilization, natural resource, or other theme. Also in recent decades, the National Geographic Society has unveiled other magazines each with a different focus.
Photography
In addition to being well-known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world; the magazine has also long been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. This standard makes it the home to some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. The magazine began to feature color photography in the early twentieth century, when this technology was still rare. During the 1930s, Luis Marden (1913 - 2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use small 35 mm cameras over bulkier cameras with tripods and glass plates.
In 1959, the magazine started publishing photographs on its covers. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its magazine on paper and its award-winning Web site. In subsequent years, the magazine cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, for a large photograph taken from one of the month's articles inside. National Geographic, more than most other magazines, was often prized and kept by subscribers for years, and sometimes re-sold at thrift stores.
Supplementing the articles, the magazine sometimes provides maps of the regions visited. The Society's map archives have been used by the United States government in instances where its own cartographic resources were limited. President Franklin Roosevelt's White House map room was filled with National Geographic maps. A National Geographic map of Europe is featured in the displays of the Winston Churchhill museum in London showing Churchhill's markings at the Yalta Conference where the Allied and Russian leaders divided post-war Europe.[2] In 2001, National Geographic released an eight CD-ROM set containing all its maps from 1888 to December 2000.
Language editions
By the end of the twentieth century, National Geographic magazine was published in thirty-two different language editions around the world.
In April 2005, an Indonesian edition launched, published by Gramedia Majalah - Jakarta. A Bulgarian edition of the magazine launched in November, 2005 and a Slovenian edition launched in May, 2006. A Serbian edition of National Geographic was launched with the November 2006 issue.
In contrast to the United States, where membership in the National Geographic Society was formerly the only way to receive the magazine, the worldwide editions are sold on newsstands in additon to regular subscriptions. In several countries, such as Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, and Turkey, National Geographic paved the way for a subscription model for magazines in addition to traditional newsstand sales.
Notable Events
Paul Salopek
A two-time Pulitzer prize winning writer on assignment for National Geographic for a feature article on the Sahel region, Paul Salopek, and two Chadian assistants were arrested and charged in August 2006 with espionage, entering Sudan without a visa, and other crimes by the Government of Sudan. After National Geographic and the Chicago Tribune, for whom Salopek also wrote, mounted a legal defense and led an international appeal to Sudan from such world figures as Jimmy Carter, Reverend Jesse Jackson, Bono, and many prominent journalists and press organizations, New Mexico Governor Bill Richardson was invited to Sudan by President Omar al-Bashir. In a meeting the night of Richardson's arrival, al-Bashir said he would release Salopek on humanitarian grounds. National Geographic Editor-in-Chief Chris Johns flew with Richardson and others to El Fashir in Northern Darfur where Salopek was jailed. Salopek was released and flew back home with his wife to New Mexico. His two assistants from Chad were also released and returned to their country.[3][4][5]
Sharbat Gula
The famous cover photograph of the June 1985 issue of National Geographic was of an Afghan refugee, a beautiful young girl with hauntingly green eyes. The photograph was taken at the Nasir Bagh refugee camp in 1984, by photographer Steve McCurry. The girl was one of the students in an informal school within the refugee camp; McCurry, rarely given the opportunity to photograph Afghan women, seized the opportunity and captured her image. She was approximately 12 years old at the time.
Although her name was not known, her picture, titled "Afghan Girl," appeared on the June 1985 cover of National Geographic. The image of her face, with a red scarf draped loosely over her head and with her piercing sea-green eyes staring directly into the camera, became a symbol both of the 1980s Afghan conflict and of the refugee situation worldwide. The image itself was named as "the most recognized photograph" in the history of the magazine.
After the US-led invasion of Afghanistan a search was conducted for the (presumably grown) girl. Remarkably, the photographer found her, and she was identified in 2002 as Sharbat Gula, a Pashtun woman married and living with her family, and quite unaware of her fame as a photographic subject. Her story was told in the April 2002 issue of National Geographic and in a National Geographic television documentary. She claimed that the two famous photos of her, the one from 1985 and the follow-up in 2002, were virtually the only times she had ever been photographed.
A fund named after Gula was created and originally funded by the Society and contributed to by thousands of readers which resulted in a partnership between National Geographic and the Asia Foundation in the creation of a girls' school in Afghanistan that taught hundreds of teenage girls with both a vocational and basic education, in addition to a hot meal and health care.[6] The funds also contributed to the construction of a public school for girls in Kabul.[7]
Awards
In 2000 National Geographic won a National Magazine Award for General Excellence, the most prestigious award in the magazine industry. In 2005 it won a National Magazine Award in the essays category, honoring excellence in essay writing. The magazine's website won a National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online in 2002, followed in 2003 by the International Web Pages Best of Festival and the Webby's 2004 People's Voice Award for Best Print and Zines.[8]
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ History of National Geographic Magazine TriviaLibrary.com. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ October 2000. A Presence at Yalta National Geographic. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ August 2006. Sudan charges Paul Salopek with espionage Arabist.net. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ August 2006. The `passionate witness' The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ September 2006. Sudan reportedly will free Tribune reporter CNN. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ Partnerships National Geographic Foundation. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ Stuteville, George. September 2002. Afghan Girls to Benefit From NG-Sponsored Education Fund National Geographic News. Retrieved December 15, 2006
- ↑ National Geographic Press Room Retrieved January 23, 2007.
External links
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