Difference between revisions of "Jahannam" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Jahannam''' ({{lang-ar|جهنم}}) is the [[Islam]]ic equivalent to [[hell]]. Its roots come from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word ''[[Gehenna|Gehinnom]]'', which is a valley south of [[Jerusalem]] that was used as a garbage dump by the Israelites. In the pre-Israelite times the Canaanites worshipped the god [[Moloch]] and performed child sacrifices in the valley, burning them | + | '''Jahannam''' ({{lang-ar|جهنم}}) is the [[Islam]]ic equivalent to [[hell]]. Its roots come from the [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] word ''[[Gehenna|Gehinnom]]'', which is a valley south of [[Jerusalem]] that was used as a garbage dump by the Israelites. In the pre-Israelite times the Canaanites worshipped the god [[Moloch]] and performed child sacrifices in the valley, burning them as offerings to the deity. Consequently the valley had a longstanding association with burning fires and horrid rituals. According to the [[Qur'an]] only God knows who will go to Jahannam and who will go to Jannah (Heaven). Those who ignored, or only pretended to believe in [[Allah]] remain in Jahannam after Qiyamah ([[Last Judgment|Judgment Day]]). |
| + | ==Description== | ||
The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutama. The most severe level is Hutama for munafiqin, religious hypocrites. | The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutama. The most severe level is Hutama for munafiqin, religious hypocrites. | ||
| − | + | Zaqqum is a thorned tree that grows in Jahannam. It has bitter thorned fruit which the damned are compelled to eat so as to intensify their torment. Its fruits are shaped like [[devil]]s' heads. Quote from the [[Qur'an]]: | |
:[44.43] Surely the tree of the Zaqqum, | :[44.43] Surely the tree of the Zaqqum, | ||
| − | :[44.44] Is the food of the | + | :[44.44] Is the food of the sinful |
:[44.45] Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies, | :[44.45] Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies, | ||
:[44.46] Like the boiling of hot water. | :[44.46] Like the boiling of hot water. | ||
| − | + | ==Day of Judgment (Qiyamah)== | |
| + | According to Islam, ''Yawm al-Qīyāmah'' (يوم القيامة literally: "Day of the Resurrection") is the Last Judgement in [[Islam]]. It is also called "''Day of the Resurrection''" at Qur'an 71.18. It is also known as "''the Hour''" (Qur'an 31.34, 74.47), "''Day of the Account''" (Qur'an 72.130), "''Day of the Gathering''", "''Day of the Reckoning''", "''Day of Distress''" (Qur'an 74.9) and the "''Great Announcement''". Belief in Qiyâmah is part of Aqidah and is a fundamental tenet of faith in [[Islam]]. The trials and tribulations associated with it are detailed in both the Qur'an and the [[Hadith]], as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities such as [[al-Ghazali]], Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human, [[Muslim]] and non-Muslim alike, is held accountable for his or her deeds and are judged by [[Allah]] accordingly (Qur'an 74.38). At a time unknown to man, but preordained <ref>Qur'an 17.49-51, 34.28-30, 72.25-26, 79.42-44, ''[[Sahih Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'', book 2 ("book of faith"), number 47</ref>, when people least expect it, Allah will give permission for the Qiyâmah to begin. The [[Archangel (beings)|archangel]] [[Israfil (archangel)|Israfil]], referred to as the ''Caller'', will sound a horn sending out a "Blast of Truth" (Qur'an 50.37-42, 69.13-18, 74.8, 78.18). This event is also found in [[Jewish eschatology]], in the [[Judaism|Jewish]] belief of "The Day of the Blowing of the [[Shofar]]", ''[[Rosh Hashanah|Yom Terua]]'' and in [[Book of Ezekiel|Ezekiel 33:6]]. | ||
| − | "Those who | + | All men and women fall unconscious. [[Muhammad]] is the first to awake and he sees [[Moses]], who may or may not have awoken prior, holding up the Throne of God at the mountain of Tur.<ref>''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", numbers 610, 620, 626.</ref> Those who distorted or ignored the Qur'an or converted to another religion are engulfed in hellfire.<ref>(Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39</ref> On the other hand, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as ''Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun''<ref>''Sahih Bukhari'', book 4 "Ablution", number 133; 138 in another editio</ref> due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "jannah (the [[Garden of Eden|Garden]]) beneath which rivers flow".<ref>Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11</ref> The world is destroyed, folded. The [[dead]] rise from their graves and [[gather]], waiting to be judged for their actions.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 11.102-7</ref> |
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'Alameen (humankind, the [[Jinn]], and all other living beings) are gathered upon a vast, white, featureless ground, under intense heat of the Sun overhead. They are [[Nudity|naked]], [[Foreskin restoration|uncircumcised]] and crowded together to the point where some are submerged in their own sweat, as in the beginning of creation.<ref>Qur'an 21.104; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 656; Qur'an 5.117-118</ref> The degree to which one is submerged in sweat depends on the extent of one's piety and goodness. The faces of those who practiced good [[Adab (behavior)|adab]] by following the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] in their daily lives are ''[[nadirah]]'' (shining and radiant). On the other hand, the faces of disbelievers are ''[[basirah]]'' (dark, sad and frowning).<ref>Qur'an 75.22-24</ref> Despite being unclothed the anxiety and fear of the situation is so great that no one thinks to look at another's nudity. The creatures thus wait to be brought before God for their judgement. Humans are so fearful on this "day" that the [[prophet]]s themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase ''[[sallim, sallim]]'', or ''spare, spare'' — that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of [[Muhammad]] during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, [[Apostates of Islam]], are engulfed in fire.<ref>Qur'an 5.117-118, ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 568</ref> Angels are fearful as some hadiths state that on this day God is angrier than ever before or after. | 'Alameen (humankind, the [[Jinn]], and all other living beings) are gathered upon a vast, white, featureless ground, under intense heat of the Sun overhead. They are [[Nudity|naked]], [[Foreskin restoration|uncircumcised]] and crowded together to the point where some are submerged in their own sweat, as in the beginning of creation.<ref>Qur'an 21.104; ''Sahih Bukhari'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 656; Qur'an 5.117-118</ref> The degree to which one is submerged in sweat depends on the extent of one's piety and goodness. The faces of those who practiced good [[Adab (behavior)|adab]] by following the [[Five Pillars of Islam]] in their daily lives are ''[[nadirah]]'' (shining and radiant). On the other hand, the faces of disbelievers are ''[[basirah]]'' (dark, sad and frowning).<ref>Qur'an 75.22-24</ref> Despite being unclothed the anxiety and fear of the situation is so great that no one thinks to look at another's nudity. The creatures thus wait to be brought before God for their judgement. Humans are so fearful on this "day" that the [[prophet]]s themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase ''[[sallim, sallim]]'', or ''spare, spare'' — that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of [[Muhammad]] during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, [[Apostates of Islam]], are engulfed in fire.<ref>Qur'an 5.117-118, ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 568</ref> Angels are fearful as some hadiths state that on this day God is angrier than ever before or after. | ||
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Some believe that signs of Qiyamah have already occurred.<ref>Qur'an 42.17, 47.18, 70.6-7</ref> People beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, first [[Abraham]], then [[Moses]], then [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], and finally [[Noah]], all of whom decline to do so and instead point to the prophet [[Muhammad]], who intercedes on behalf of the world.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 74.48; ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 555, 569</ref> Abraham meets his father [[Azar]] whose face is enlightened. When Abraham demands that his father not be disgraced he is informed that on this day no one is above reproach.<ref>''[[Sahîh al-Bukhârî]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 581</ref> Abraham finds a blood-stained [[Dhabh]] beneath his feet and throws him into Hell. | Some believe that signs of Qiyamah have already occurred.<ref>Qur'an 42.17, 47.18, 70.6-7</ref> People beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, first [[Abraham]], then [[Moses]], then [[Adam and Eve|Adam]], and finally [[Noah]], all of whom decline to do so and instead point to the prophet [[Muhammad]], who intercedes on behalf of the world.<ref>[[Qur'an]] 74.48; ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 555, 569</ref> Abraham meets his father [[Azar]] whose face is enlightened. When Abraham demands that his father not be disgraced he is informed that on this day no one is above reproach.<ref>''[[Sahîh al-Bukhârî]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 581</ref> Abraham finds a blood-stained [[Dhabh]] beneath his feet and throws him into Hell. | ||
| − | Other notable relatives who are among those cast into | + | Other notable relatives who are among those cast into jahannam include the wives of [[Nuh]] ([[Noah]]) and [[Lut]]([[Lot]]) ([[Qur'an]] 66.10). When [[Lut]] and his family left [[Sodom and Gomorrah]], his wife disobeyed the commands of the two [[angels]] not to look back at the burning city, thus she is not among ''[[Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun]]''. |
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| − | + | [[Adam]] is ordered by [[Allah]] to bring all of those who rejected [[Islam]] to Jahannam. He asks how many he should bring and [[Allah]] answers, "From every one thousand, take out nine-hundred-and ninety-nine." At that time children will become hoary headed ([[Qur'an]] 73.12), previously healed wounds will reappear (''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 4 "Ablution", number 238), every pregnant female will have a miscarriage. One sees mankind as drunken, yet the people are sober, but dreadful is the ''Wrath of God'' (Qur'an 69.47, ''[[Sahih Bukhari]]'', book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 567.) | |
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| − | In the grave one faces either a reassuring man (his or her good deeds), or a foul-looking creature (his or her sins) ([[Qur'an]] 82.4). Again, this recurs in the subject of the [[Qiyâmah]]. For instance, the [[Qu'ran]] appears as an anthropomorphic being that greets those who loved it in their lives and offers them some solace. In the same vein, accounts in primary Islamic literature mention that at some point, perhaps after creatures are confined to either ''[[jannah]]'' ([[paradise]]) or '' | + | In the grave one faces either a reassuring man (his or her good deeds), or a foul-looking creature (his or her sins) ([[Qur'an]] 82.4). Again, this recurs in the subject of the [[Qiyâmah]]. For instance, the [[Qu'ran]] appears as an anthropomorphic being that greets those who loved it in their lives and offers them some solace. In the same vein, accounts in primary Islamic literature mention that at some point, perhaps after creatures are confined to either ''[[jannah]]'' ([[paradise]]) or ''jahannam'' ([[hell]]), [[Death]] will be brought forth in the form of a black and white [[sheep|ram]]. It will be slaughtered infront of everyone and a caller will explain, "O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death. O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death," hence the slaying of the ram [[Symbols_of_death|symbolises]] the 'Death of Death'. |
<ref> | <ref> | ||
''[[Sahih Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' Volume 6, Book 60, Number 254 | ''[[Sahih Bukhari|Sahih al-Bukhari]]'' Volume 6, Book 60, Number 254 | ||
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</ref> | </ref> | ||
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[[Barzakh]] is a sequence that happens after death, in which the [[Archangel (beings)|archangel]] [[Azrael]] with the help of other less significant angels will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime ([[Qur'an]] 79.1-2). Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the [[Barzakh]] sequence: | [[Barzakh]] is a sequence that happens after death, in which the [[Archangel (beings)|archangel]] [[Azrael]] with the help of other less significant angels will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime ([[Qur'an]] 79.1-2). Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the [[Barzakh]] sequence: | ||
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Shia use this event when presenting arguments about the [[Status of a Shia Imam]]. | Shia use this event when presenting arguments about the [[Status of a Shia Imam]]. | ||
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Believers will be led by the prophet [[Muhammad]] to a vast basin or lake-fount called ''al-kawthar'' الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whosoever drinks it, never thirsts thereafter. In one hadith al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (''al-Bukhari'', book 76, hadith 583.) [[Sahih Bukhari]]'', in book 76 (the book of tenderness), the chapter on the basin contains at least 14 hadiths regarding it. | Believers will be led by the prophet [[Muhammad]] to a vast basin or lake-fount called ''al-kawthar'' الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whosoever drinks it, never thirsts thereafter. In one hadith al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (''al-Bukhari'', book 76, hadith 583.) [[Sahih Bukhari]]'', in book 76 (the book of tenderness), the chapter on the basin contains at least 14 hadiths regarding it. | ||
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==Judgment== | ==Judgment== | ||
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Throughout [[judgment]], however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by [[Allah]]. The accounts of [[judgment]] are also replete with the emphasis that [[Allah]] is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited. | Throughout [[judgment]], however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by [[Allah]]. The accounts of [[judgment]] are also replete with the emphasis that [[Allah]] is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited. | ||
| − | + | There is indication also that nations are collectively called to account for their deeds. And there are [[Hadiths]] that indicate that on [[Qiyama]] [[judgment day]] people are made to join the races or communities with which they associated themselves, which points to a definition of [[society]] in ideological — not racial — terms. | |
| − | + | Surah [[Al-Baqara]] of the [[Qur'an]] states that along with Muslims, Allah will also save other [[People of the Book]] from Hell: | |
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| + | "Those who believe, Jews, Nazarenes (Christians), and Sabians - whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does good deeds - shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear nor are they saddened." :[2.62] | ||
| − | + | It should be noted that Muslim scholars have commented that those saved from Hell other than Muslims are those people from pre-Islamic times who followed the teachings of their respective prophet. People who did not receive the true message of Islam will also be saved. | |
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| − | + | One can go to hell in Islam, and then go from there to Heaven after serving your time in Hell. There is a certain ratio for time in earth, to time in hell. | |
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| − | == | + | ==Jahannam and Jannah== |
| − | + | After [[judgement]] all men and women are made to cross over a deep [[abyss]], whence the flames of Jahannam (Hell) leap up, on [[al-Sirât]] (الصراط), a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thin as a strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The [[belief|believers]] and those destined for [[Jannah]] are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into [[Jahannam]]. | |
| − | + | Concerning the matter of reward or [[Jannah]] ([[Heaven]]) ([[paradise]]) and Jahannam ([[punishment]]), there is the subject of the [[Intercession]] (الشفاعة). Hadiths state that the prophet [[Muhammad]] will be allowed to intercede on behalf of all of mankind, as opposed to the prophets who preceded him who were only able to appeal to nations (''[[Sahîh al-bukhari]]'', book 7 "[[Tayammum]] (rubbing hands and feet with dust)", number 331.) Furthermore, a [[belief|believer]] will be allowed to plead for members of his family and for his loved ones. Throughout the discourse regarding the ultimate [[destiny]], the consistent [[tenet]] is that being sent to [[Jannah]] ([[paradise]]) or to Jahannam ([[hell]]) is a matter in [[Allah]]'s hands alone. God is thus the ultimate [[arbiter]] and [[qadi]] (judge) as to who goes to Jahannam ([[hell]]) and who is rescued. | |
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| − | + | ==Redemption== | |
| + | In one [[Hadith]], it is related that after the Intercession of the prophet [[Muhammad]], [[Allah]] himself intercedes, repeatedly ordering his [[angels]] to fetch out of Jahannam ([[hell]]) any who sincerely professed the [[Shahada]] (''Sahih Bukhari'', book 3 "book of learning or knowledge", number 97 (98 in another edition)) until the [[angels]] are ordered to return and find anyone with even an [[atom]]'s measure of goodness in his or her heart. Those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in [[shirk]] (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the [[Intercession]], life resumes, either in [annah ([[paradise]]) or in Jahannam (hell). | ||
| − | === The | + | === The Mahdi and ad-Dajjal === |
| − | The coming of the [[Mahdi]] (also Mehdi or Mihdi and meaning "the divinely | + | The coming of the [[Mahdi]] (also Mehdi or Mihdi and meaning "the divinely guided one"), which precedes the [[Second Coming]] of Isa ([[Jesus]]), triggers the redemption of [[Islam]] and the defeat of its [[enemies]]. The exact nature of the Mahdi differs between [[Shi'ah]] Muslims and [[Sunni]] Muslims, but both agree that Isa (Jesus) and the Mahdi work together to fight [[evil]] in the world and to cement [[justice]] on [[Earth]]. |
| − | "Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before | + | "Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before Qiyama ([[Doomsday]]) ([[Day of Judgement]]), [[Allah]] will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person out of my Ahlul Bayt who will be called by my name. He will then fill out the earth with [[peace]] and [[justice]] as it will have been full of [[injustice]] and [[tyranny]] before then." |
''[[Sahih Tirmidhi]]'', V2, P86, V9, P74-75. | ''[[Sahih Tirmidhi]]'', V2, P86, V9, P74-75. | ||
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[[Muhammad]] asked his followers to recite the first and last ten verses of Chapter '[[The Cave]]' as [[protection]] from the [[Dajjal]]. These [[ayat]] deal with the [[beliefs]] and activities of the [[Christianity|Christian]] nations. He also taught his followers to pray, "O [[Allah]]! I seek [[refuge]] in Thee from the [[trial]] of the [[Dajjal]]." He also said, There is no [[tribulation]] greater than that of the [[Dajjal]] from the creation of [[Adam]] to [[Qiyama]] (the day of [[resurrection]]). | [[Muhammad]] asked his followers to recite the first and last ten verses of Chapter '[[The Cave]]' as [[protection]] from the [[Dajjal]]. These [[ayat]] deal with the [[beliefs]] and activities of the [[Christianity|Christian]] nations. He also taught his followers to pray, "O [[Allah]]! I seek [[refuge]] in Thee from the [[trial]] of the [[Dajjal]]." He also said, There is no [[tribulation]] greater than that of the [[Dajjal]] from the creation of [[Adam]] to [[Qiyama]] (the day of [[resurrection]]). | ||
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==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
Revision as of 08:50, 25 January 2007
Jahannam (Arabic: جهنم) is the Islamic equivalent to hell. Its roots come from the Hebrew word Gehinnom, which is a valley south of Jerusalem that was used as a garbage dump by the Israelites. In the pre-Israelite times the Canaanites worshipped the god Moloch and performed child sacrifices in the valley, burning them as offerings to the deity. Consequently the valley had a longstanding association with burning fires and horrid rituals. According to the Qur'an only God knows who will go to Jahannam and who will go to Jannah (Heaven). Those who ignored, or only pretended to believe in Allah remain in Jahannam after Qiyamah (Judgment Day).
Description
The seven levels of Jahannam are Jaheem, Jahanam, Sa'ir, Saqar, Ladha, Hawiyah, and Hutama. The most severe level is Hutama for munafiqin, religious hypocrites.
Zaqqum is a thorned tree that grows in Jahannam. It has bitter thorned fruit which the damned are compelled to eat so as to intensify their torment. Its fruits are shaped like devils' heads. Quote from the Qur'an:
- [44.43] Surely the tree of the Zaqqum,
- [44.44] Is the food of the sinful
- [44.45] Like dregs of oil; it shall boil in (their) bellies,
- [44.46] Like the boiling of hot water.
Day of Judgment (Qiyamah)
According to Islam, Yawm al-Qīyāmah (يوم القيامة literally: "Day of the Resurrection") is the Last Judgement in Islam. It is also called "Day of the Resurrection" at Qur'an 71.18. It is also known as "the Hour" (Qur'an 31.34, 74.47), "Day of the Account" (Qur'an 72.130), "Day of the Gathering", "Day of the Reckoning", "Day of Distress" (Qur'an 74.9) and the "Great Announcement". Belief in Qiyâmah is part of Aqidah and is a fundamental tenet of faith in Islam. The trials and tribulations associated with it are detailed in both the Qur'an and the Hadith, as well as in the commentaries of the Islamic expositors and scholarly authorities such as al-Ghazali, Ibn Kathir, Ibn Majah, Muhammad al-Bukhari, and Ibn Khuzaimah who explain them in detail. Every human, Muslim and non-Muslim alike, is held accountable for his or her deeds and are judged by Allah accordingly (Qur'an 74.38). At a time unknown to man, but preordained [1], when people least expect it, Allah will give permission for the Qiyâmah to begin. The archangel Israfil, referred to as the Caller, will sound a horn sending out a "Blast of Truth" (Qur'an 50.37-42, 69.13-18, 74.8, 78.18). This event is also found in Jewish eschatology, in the Jewish belief of "The Day of the Blowing of the Shofar", Yom Terua and in Ezekiel 33:6.
All men and women fall unconscious. Muhammad is the first to awake and he sees Moses, who may or may not have awoken prior, holding up the Throne of God at the mountain of Tur.[2] Those who distorted or ignored the Qur'an or converted to another religion are engulfed in hellfire.[3] On the other hand, those who truly believe in God, and are pious, referred to as Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun[4] due to the trace of ritual ablution performed during their lives, repent their sin and return to "jannah (the Garden) beneath which rivers flow".[5] The world is destroyed, folded. The dead rise from their graves and gather, waiting to be judged for their actions.[6]
'Alameen (humankind, the Jinn, and all other living beings) are gathered upon a vast, white, featureless ground, under intense heat of the Sun overhead. They are naked, uncircumcised and crowded together to the point where some are submerged in their own sweat, as in the beginning of creation.[7] The degree to which one is submerged in sweat depends on the extent of one's piety and goodness. The faces of those who practiced good adab by following the Five Pillars of Islam in their daily lives are nadirah (shining and radiant). On the other hand, the faces of disbelievers are basirah (dark, sad and frowning).[8] Despite being unclothed the anxiety and fear of the situation is so great that no one thinks to look at another's nudity. The creatures thus wait to be brought before God for their judgement. Humans are so fearful on this "day" that the prophets themselves repeatedly address God with the phrase sallim, sallim, or spare, spare — that is, "spare your followers, O God." Followers of Muhammad during his lifetime who strayed from Islam after his passing, Apostates of Islam, are engulfed in fire.[9] Angels are fearful as some hadiths state that on this day God is angrier than ever before or after.
The Qu'ran mentions the duration of the Qiyamah as 50,000 years.[10] Maulana Muhammad Ali interprets this ayat as, "...A day of the spiritual advancement of man is spoken of as being equal to fifty thousand years to show immense vastness of that advancement. Or, the day of fifty thousand years may be the day of final triumph of Truth in the world, from the time when revelation was first granted to man."
Some believe that signs of Qiyamah have already occurred.[11] People beseech the prophets to intercede on their behalf, first Abraham, then Moses, then Adam, and finally Noah, all of whom decline to do so and instead point to the prophet Muhammad, who intercedes on behalf of the world.[12] Abraham meets his father Azar whose face is enlightened. When Abraham demands that his father not be disgraced he is informed that on this day no one is above reproach.[13] Abraham finds a blood-stained Dhabh beneath his feet and throws him into Hell.
Other notable relatives who are among those cast into jahannam include the wives of Nuh (Noah) and Lut(Lot) (Qur'an 66.10). When Lut and his family left Sodom and Gomorrah, his wife disobeyed the commands of the two angels not to look back at the burning city, thus she is not among Al-Ghurr-ul-Muhajjalun.
Adam is ordered by Allah to bring all of those who rejected Islam to Jahannam. He asks how many he should bring and Allah answers, "From every one thousand, take out nine-hundred-and ninety-nine." At that time children will become hoary headed (Qur'an 73.12), previously healed wounds will reappear (Sahih Bukhari, book 4 "Ablution", number 238), every pregnant female will have a miscarriage. One sees mankind as drunken, yet the people are sober, but dreadful is the Wrath of God (Qur'an 69.47, Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 567.)
In the grave one faces either a reassuring man (his or her good deeds), or a foul-looking creature (his or her sins) (Qur'an 82.4). Again, this recurs in the subject of the Qiyâmah. For instance, the Qu'ran appears as an anthropomorphic being that greets those who loved it in their lives and offers them some solace. In the same vein, accounts in primary Islamic literature mention that at some point, perhaps after creatures are confined to either jannah (paradise) or jahannam (hell), Death will be brought forth in the form of a black and white ram. It will be slaughtered infront of everyone and a caller will explain, "O people of Paradise! Eternity for you and no death. O people of Hell! Eternity for you and no death," hence the slaying of the ram symbolises the 'Death of Death'. [14]
Barzakh is a sequence that happens after death, in which the archangel Azrael with the help of other less significant angels will separate the soul from the body, either harshly or painlessly depending on how righteous the person was during their lifetime (Qur'an 79.1-2). Three main events take place chronologically which constitute the Barzakh sequence:
- The separation of the soul and the body.
- Nakir and Munkar's (two Islamic Angels) interrogation of the soul in its grave.
- "Who is your (lord)?"
- "What is your way of life?"
- "Who is your leader?" Sura 17.71
- The "Waahsh" or the horror of the grave, the pressure of the grave depending on whether the person was righteous or not.
Muhammad referred to the interrogation as, "...the worst hours of a man's life".
Shia use this event when presenting arguments about the Status of a Shia Imam.
Believers will be led by the prophet Muhammad to a vast basin or lake-fount called al-kawthar الكوثر, where their thirst will be sated with a white-colored drink that tastes like sweetened milk. Whosoever drinks it, never thirsts thereafter. In one hadith al-kawthar is said to be a river of paradise (al-Bukhari, book 76, hadith 583.) Sahih Bukhari, in book 76 (the book of tenderness), the chapter on the basin contains at least 14 hadiths regarding it.
Judgment
During judgment, a man's or a woman's own book of deeds will be opened, and they will be apprised of every action they did and every word they spoke (Qur'an 54.52-53). Actions taken during childhood are not judged. The account of deeds is so detailed that the man or woman will wonder at how comprehensive the account is, that even minor and trivial deeds are included. When the Hour is at hand, some will deny that al-Qiyâmah is taking place and will be warned that al-Qiyâmah precedes the Day of Pining (distress) (Qur'an 30.55-57, 19.39). If one denies a deed he or she committed, or refuses to acknowledge it, his or her body parts will testify against him or her.
Throughout judgment, however, the underlying principle is that of a complete and perfect justice administered by Allah. The accounts of judgment are also replete with the emphasis that Allah is merciful and forgiving, and that mercy and forgiveness will be granted on that day insofar as it is merited.
There is indication also that nations are collectively called to account for their deeds. And there are Hadiths that indicate that on Qiyama judgment day people are made to join the races or communities with which they associated themselves, which points to a definition of society in ideological — not racial — terms.
Surah Al-Baqara of the Qur'an states that along with Muslims, Allah will also save other People of the Book from Hell:
"Those who believe, Jews, Nazarenes (Christians), and Sabians - whoever believes in Allah and the Last Day and does good deeds - shall be rewarded by their Lord; they have nothing to fear nor are they saddened." :[2.62]
It should be noted that Muslim scholars have commented that those saved from Hell other than Muslims are those people from pre-Islamic times who followed the teachings of their respective prophet. People who did not receive the true message of Islam will also be saved.
One can go to hell in Islam, and then go from there to Heaven after serving your time in Hell. There is a certain ratio for time in earth, to time in hell.
Jahannam and Jannah
After judgement all men and women are made to cross over a deep abyss, whence the flames of Jahannam (Hell) leap up, on al-Sirât (الصراط), a thorny bridge so thin that it cannot be seen. It is said in Hadith that crossing the bridge is such a difficult task, because the bridge is as thin as a strand of hair, and as sharp as the edge of a sword. The believers and those destined for Jannah are able to cross quickly and safely, seeing it as a thick stone bridge, whereas others fall off this hair-thin bridge into Jahannam.
Concerning the matter of reward or Jannah (Heaven) (paradise) and Jahannam (punishment), there is the subject of the Intercession (الشفاعة). Hadiths state that the prophet Muhammad will be allowed to intercede on behalf of all of mankind, as opposed to the prophets who preceded him who were only able to appeal to nations (Sahîh al-bukhari, book 7 "Tayammum (rubbing hands and feet with dust)", number 331.) Furthermore, a believer will be allowed to plead for members of his family and for his loved ones. Throughout the discourse regarding the ultimate destiny, the consistent tenet is that being sent to Jannah (paradise) or to Jahannam (hell) is a matter in Allah's hands alone. God is thus the ultimate arbiter and qadi (judge) as to who goes to Jahannam (hell) and who is rescued.
Redemption
In one Hadith, it is related that after the Intercession of the prophet Muhammad, Allah himself intercedes, repeatedly ordering his angels to fetch out of Jahannam (hell) any who sincerely professed the Shahada (Sahih Bukhari, book 3 "book of learning or knowledge", number 97 (98 in another edition)) until the angels are ordered to return and find anyone with even an atom's measure of goodness in his or her heart. Those who have worshipped false gods, or have participated in shirk (idol worship) are not rescued from Jahannam (hell) and instead remain there forever. After the Intercession, life resumes, either in [annah (paradise) or in Jahannam (hell).
The Mahdi and ad-Dajjal
The coming of the Mahdi (also Mehdi or Mihdi and meaning "the divinely guided one"), which precedes the Second Coming of Isa (Jesus), triggers the redemption of Islam and the defeat of its enemies. The exact nature of the Mahdi differs between Shi'ah Muslims and Sunni Muslims, but both agree that Isa (Jesus) and the Mahdi work together to fight evil in the world and to cement justice on Earth.
"Even if the entire duration of the world's existence has already been exhausted and only one day is left before Qiyama (Doomsday) (Day of Judgement), Allah will expand that day to such a length of time, as to accommodate the kingdom of a person out of my Ahlul Bayt who will be called by my name. He will then fill out the earth with peace and justice as it will have been full of injustice and tyranny before then."
Sahih Tirmidhi, V2, P86, V9, P74-75.
The Mahdi comes from Mecca and rules from Damascus, Syria. Isa (Jesus) will defeat ad-Dajjal (literally: liar; the false Messiah or antichrist,) and then shall live on Earth for many years. According to some traditions Isa (Jesus) will get married and have a family, and then die. Throughout history many have claimed Mahdiship; most notably Syed Mohammad Jaunpuri, Siyyid Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, Muhammad Ahmad, Mohammed bin Abdullah, and Juhayman ibn-Muhammad ibn-Sayf al-Utaibi.
The Dajjal is physically misshapen, and blind in one eye. He deceives the faithful, teaching them that Jannah is Jahannam and vice versa through his power to work miracles. Upon his head are the Arabic letters ''kaf'', ''fa'' and ''ra'' (kufr). He will revive the dead, and claim to be a god. Some traditions of Islam relate that he will appear at Isfahan, and that he will rally Jews to his support. However, that is not necessarily a majority view.
Muhammad asked his followers to recite the first and last ten verses of Chapter 'The Cave' as protection from the Dajjal. These ayat deal with the beliefs and activities of the Christian nations. He also taught his followers to pray, "O Allah! I seek refuge in Thee from the trial of the Dajjal." He also said, There is no tribulation greater than that of the Dajjal from the creation of Adam to Qiyama (the day of resurrection).
Notes
- ↑ Qur'an 17.49-51, 34.28-30, 72.25-26, 79.42-44, Sahih al-Bukhari, book 2 ("book of faith"), number 47
- ↑ Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", numbers 610, 620, 626.
- ↑ (Qur'an 2.174-6, 72.4, 72.15, 73.12, 74.26-27, 74.42-46, 79.36-39
- ↑ Sahih Bukhari, book 4 "Ablution", number 133; 138 in another editio
- ↑ Qur'an 58.21, 61.2, 64.9, 65.11, 66.8-11, 68.17-32, 69.21-24, 70.32-38, 71.12, 74.40, 76.12-14, 78.32, 79.40-41, 80.28-31, 85.11, 88.8-11
- ↑ Qur'an 11.102-7
- ↑ Qur'an 21.104; Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 656; Qur'an 5.117-118
- ↑ Qur'an 75.22-24
- ↑ Qur'an 5.117-118, Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 568
- ↑ Qur'an 70.4
- ↑ Qur'an 42.17, 47.18, 70.6-7
- ↑ Qur'an 74.48; Sahih Bukhari, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 555, 569
- ↑ Sahîh al-Bukhârî, book 55 "accounts of the prophets", number 581
- ↑ Sahih al-Bukhari Volume 6, Book 60, Number 254 [1]
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- The Qur'an
- al-Bukhari, Sahih Bukhari (hadith collection)
- fath al-bârî fî sharh sahîh al-bukhârî (hadith collection)
- Al-Ghazâli, Ihya' `Olôm al-dîn (Revival of religious sciences)
- Signs of Qiyamah
External links
- Judgement day in the Qur'ân and hadith
- Islam Basics
- Tajweed ul Qur'an
- al-Qiyâmah
- Signs of the Appearance of the Dajjal and His Destruction
- Signs of Qiyamah
- Signs of the Last Hour
- The two blowings of the Trumpet of Light which ushers in the period of Judgement
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