Difference between revisions of "Cytoplasm" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:Illu cell structure.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Organelles]]. Cytoplasm labeled at center right.]] | [[Image:Illu cell structure.jpg|thumb|300px|[[Organelles]]. Cytoplasm labeled at center right.]] | ||
| − | [[Image:Biological cell.svg|thumb|300px|Schematic of typical animal cell, showing subcellular components. | + | [[Image:Biological cell.svg|thumb|300px|Schematic of typical [[animal]] [[cell (biology)|cell]], showing subcellular components. Organelles: (1) [[nucleolus]] (2) [[cell nucleus|nucleus]] (3) [[ribosome]] (4) vesicle (5) rough [[endoplasmic reticulum]] (ER) (6) [[Golgi apparatus]] (7) [[Cytoskeleton]] (8) smooth ER (9) [[mitochondrion|mitochondria]] (10) vacuole (11) [[cytoplasm]] (12) [[lysosome]] (13) [[centriole]]s]] |
'''Cytoplasm''' is a water-like substance that fills [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s. The cytoplasm consists of [[cytosol]] and the cellular [[organelles]] (membrane-bound, distinct compartments), except the [[cell nucleus]]. The cytosol, which is space that surrounds the organelles, is made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many [[enzymes]] that catalyze reactions. Organelles has its own distinct function, enzymes, and other specialized molecules (Alberts et al. 1989). | '''Cytoplasm''' is a water-like substance that fills [[Cell (biology)|cell]]s. The cytoplasm consists of [[cytosol]] and the cellular [[organelles]] (membrane-bound, distinct compartments), except the [[cell nucleus]]. The cytosol, which is space that surrounds the organelles, is made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many [[enzymes]] that catalyze reactions. Organelles has its own distinct function, enzymes, and other specialized molecules (Alberts et al. 1989). | ||
Revision as of 17:43, 9 February 2007
Cytoplasm is a water-like substance that fills cells. The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and the cellular organelles (membrane-bound, distinct compartments), except the cell nucleus. The cytosol, which is space that surrounds the organelles, is made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many enzymes that catalyze reactions. Organelles has its own distinct function, enzymes, and other specialized molecules (Alberts et al. 1989).
The cytoplasm plays an important role in a cell, serving as a "molecular chowder" in which the organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. It is found within the plasma membrane of a cell and surrounds the nucleus and envelopes the organelles. They cytosol is the site of protein synthesis and most of the cells intermediary metabolism (Alberts et al. 1989).
Among the organieses are mitochondrion, rought endoplasmic reticulum (ER), smooth ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, endosomes, peroxisomes.
Function
The cytoplasm holds all of the cellular organelles outside of the nucleus and also maintains the shape and consistency of the cell. It is also a storage place for chemical substances indispensable to life, which are involved in vital metabolic reactions, such as anaerobic glycolysis and protein synthesis. It is made up of 80% water.
In bacteria, sequential chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm and cell.
Components of the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is composed of ions and soluble macromolecules like enzymes, carbohydrates, different salts and proteins, as well as a great proportion of RNA. The cytoplasm's watery component is also known as hyaloplasm.
It can be more or less water-like or liquid depending on the milieu's conditions and the activity phases of the cell. In the first case, it is named cytogel and is a viscous solid mass. In the second case, called cytosol, it acts like a liquid. In general, margin regions of the cell are water-like, and the cell's interior is RNA.
The organelles (such as the mitochondria, the chloroplast, lysosomes, peroxysomes, ribosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeletons, and complex cell membrane structures like the endoplasmic reticulums) in the cytoplasm are insoluble.
Differences between the animal and plant cytoplasms
While all cells possess cytoplasm, cells from different biological domains can differ widely in the characteristics of their cytoplasms. In the animal kingdom, cytoplasm occupies nearly half the cell's volume, while in plant cells, the cytoplasm occupies much less space because of the presence of vacuoles.
| Organelles of the cell |
|---|
| Acrosome | Chloroplast | Cilium/Flagellum | Centriole | Endoplasmic reticulum | Golgi apparatus | Lysosome | Melanosome | Mitochondrion | Myofibril | Nucleus | Parenthesome | Peroxisome | Plastid | Ribosome | Vacuole | Vesicle |
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