Difference between revisions of "Abuja" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:MosqueinAbuja.jpg|left|thumb|250px| Abuja National Mosque during [[Harmattan]].]] | [[Image:MosqueinAbuja.jpg|left|thumb|250px| Abuja National Mosque during [[Harmattan]].]] | ||
[[Image:Zuma rock.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Zuma Rock]] | [[Image:Zuma rock.jpg|thumb|250px|left|Zuma Rock]] | ||
| − | + | Abuja is located in the center of [[Nigeria]] in the Federal Capital Territory, approximately 300 miles (480km) northeast of [[Lagos]], the country's largest city and former capital. The city is 1180 feet (360 meters) above sea level. | |
| − | Abuja's geography is defined by two renowned rock formations around it—the Zuma Rock and the [[Aso Rock]]. The Zuma Rock is called the "Gateway to Abuja" and the Federal Capital Territory begins at its base. The Aso Rock, a 400- | + | Abuja's geography, and very character, is defined by two renowned rock formations around it—the Zuma Rock and the [[Aso Rock]]. The Zuma Rock is called the "Gateway to Abuja" and the Federal Capital Territory begins at its base. It is reportedly the exact geographical center of Nigeria. The Aso Rock, a 400-meter monolith left by water erosion, is located at the head of Abuja, with the city extending southward from the rock. |
| − | The Federal Capital Territory is located north of the confluence of the Niger and Benue | + | The Federal Capital Territory is located north of the confluence of the [[Niger River|Niger]] and [[Benue River]]s. |
| − | Abuja has a cooler climate and less humidity than is found in Lagos. The city has three seasons. These include a warm, humid [[rainy season]], from April to October, and a blistering [[dry season]], when daytime temperatures can soar as high as 40 degrees. Between these seasons is a brief interlude of [[harmattan]] occasioned by the north east trade wind, with characteristic dust haze, intensified coldness and dryness. The annual total | + | Abuja has a cooler [[climate]] and less humidity than is found in Lagos. The city has three seasons. These include a warm, humid [[rainy season]], from April to October, and a blistering [[dry season]], when daytime temperatures can soar as high as 40 degrees celsius (104 degrees fahrenheit). Between these seasons is a brief interlude of [[harmattan]] occasioned by the north-east trade wind, with characteristic dust haze, intensified coldness and dryness. The annual total [[rain]]fall is in the range of 43.3 inches (1100mm) to 63 inches (1600mm). |
| − | Abuja has several parks and green areas with the largest one being Millennium | + | Abuja has several parks and green areas with the largest one being Millennium Park, which was designed by renowned architect [[Manfredi Nicoletti]] and was officially opened by Queen [[Elizabeth II of England]]. |
| − | Magnificent buildings abound in Abuja. There is the National Mosque with its golden dome glistening in the sun, the bright pink Federal Secretariat Complex, and the [[Nigerian National Christian Centre]]. Other landmarks include the Central Bank of Nigeria headquarters, NNPC towers, Abuja International Conference Centre African Hall, Gurara Falls, Eagle Square, the National Assembly building, Abuja Stadium, the Velodrome, among others. However, people on the semi-developed edges of the city live in [[shanty town]]s such as [[Karu]], which was built to house the capital's civil servants and lower income families. Karu had no running water, sanitation or electricity in 2008. | + | Magnificent buildings abound in Abuja. There is the National Mosque with its golden dome glistening in the sun, the bright pink Federal Secretariat Complex, and the [[Nigerian National Christian Centre]]. Other landmarks include the Central Bank of Nigeria headquarters, NNPC towers, Abuja International Conference Centre African Hall, Gurara Falls, Eagle Square, the National Assembly building, Abuja Stadium, the Velodrome, among others. However, people on the semi-developed edges of the city live in [[shanty town]]s such as [[Karu]], which was built to house the capital's civil servants and lower income families. Karu had no running [[water]], [[sanitation]] or [[electricity]] in 2008. |
== History == | == History == | ||
[[Image:Abuja gate.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Abuja City Gate.]] | [[Image:Abuja gate.jpg|right|250px|thumb|Abuja City Gate.]] | ||
| − | Since Nigeria's independence from the United Kingdom | + | Since Nigeria's independence from the [[United Kingdom]] on October 1, 1960, ethnic and religious divisions required the creation of a capital city in a location deemed neutral to all parties. Also, [[Lagos]]'s population boom made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid. The site for a new capital was chosen because of its central location, easy accessibility, pleasant climate, low population density, and the availability of land for future expansion. |
| − | A consortium of three American firms: PRC Corporation; Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd; and, Archisystems, created a master plan for Abuja. Renowned | + | A consortium of three American firms: PRC Corporation; Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd; and, Archisystems, created a master plan for Abuja. Renowned [[Japan]]ese [[architecture|architect]] [[Kenzo Tange]] refined the design. Construction began in the late 1970s, but economic and political instability meant the city’s initial stages were not complete until the late 1980s. |
| − | Most countries moved their [[embassy|embassies]] to Abuja | + | Most countries moved their [[embassy|embassies]] to Abuja while maintaining their larger former embassies as [[Consul (representative)|consulates]] in the commercial capital, [[Lagos]]. |
==Administration== | ==Administration== | ||
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The city’s phase one districts are: Abuja Central, which is the city's principal business zone and includes the National Assembly, the city hall, national cultural institutes, and other government-related offices, Garki, Wuse, Maitama, which is exclusive and is the location of European embassies, and Asokoro. Phase two districts are: Kado, Durumi, Gudu, Utako and Jabi. Phase three districts are: Mabuchi, Katampe, Wuye and Gwarimpa. There are also five suburban districts, which are [[Nyanya]], [[Karu]], [[Gwagwalada]], [[Kubwa]], and [[Jukwoyi]]. | The city’s phase one districts are: Abuja Central, which is the city's principal business zone and includes the National Assembly, the city hall, national cultural institutes, and other government-related offices, Garki, Wuse, Maitama, which is exclusive and is the location of European embassies, and Asokoro. Phase two districts are: Kado, Durumi, Gudu, Utako and Jabi. Phase three districts are: Mabuchi, Katampe, Wuye and Gwarimpa. There are also five suburban districts, which are [[Nyanya]], [[Karu]], [[Gwagwalada]], [[Kubwa]], and [[Jukwoyi]]. | ||
| − | Along the airport road are clusters of satellite settlements | + | Along the airport road are clusters of satellite settlements: Lugbe, Chika, Kuchigworo and Pyakassa. Other satellite settlements are Idu (The Main Industrial Zone), Mpape, Karimu, Gwagwa, Dei-Dei (housing the International Livestock market and also International Building materials market). |
== Economy == | == Economy == | ||
[[Image:AbujaStade.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Abuja stadium interior.]] | [[Image:AbujaStade.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Abuja stadium interior.]] | ||
[[Image:Central bank nigeria.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Headquarters of the [[Central Bank of Nigeria]] in Abuja, Nigeria]] | [[Image:Central bank nigeria.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Headquarters of the [[Central Bank of Nigeria]] in Abuja, Nigeria]] | ||
| − | Abuja's Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, named after Nigeria's first president, consists of an international and a domestic terminal, both sharing the same runway. In 2004, the airport served 2,232,905 passengers. Abuja city has major road connections, and has an efficient rapid bus and green cab system. Construction was underway, in 2008, for a light rail system for the city. Abuja did not | + | Abuja's Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, named after Nigeria's first president, consists of an international and a domestic terminal, both sharing the same runway. In 2004, the airport served 2,232,905 passengers. Abuja city has major road connections, and has an efficient rapid bus and green cab system. Construction was underway, in 2008, for a light rail system for the city. Abuja did not (2008) have a connection to the national railway network of Nigeria. [[Agriculture]] in the area produces [[yam]]s, [[millet]], [[maize]], [[sorghum]], and [[bean]]s. Mineral resources include [[clay]], [[tin]], [[feldspar]], [[gold]], [[iron ore]], [[lead]], [[marble]], and [[talc]]. |
==Demographics== | ==Demographics== | ||
[[Image:Shiphouse Abuja.jpg|right|250px|thumb| Ship House, Navy Headquarters.]] | [[Image:Shiphouse Abuja.jpg|right|250px|thumb| Ship House, Navy Headquarters.]] | ||
[[Image:Millennium Park Abuja.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Millennium Park.]] | [[Image:Millennium Park Abuja.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Millennium Park.]] | ||
| − | The Federal Capital Territory had a population of 778,567 in 2006. Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory have undergone a huge population growth—with some areas around Abuja growing at a rate of up to 30 percent each year. Abuja was planned as a capital where all [[Nigeria]]'s ethnic groups, tribes and | + | The Federal Capital Territory had a population of 778,567 in 2006. Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory have undergone a huge population growth—with some areas around Abuja growing at a rate of up to 30 percent each year. Abuja was planned as a capital where all [[Nigeria]]'s ethnic groups, tribes and [[religion]]s would come together in harmony. It has avoided the violence prevalent in other parts of Nigeria, which has more than 250 ethnic groups. The population in the Federal Capital Territory comprises the Gwari, Koro, Ganagana, Gwandara, Afo, and Bassa ethnic groups. [[English language|English]] is the official [[language]]. Other languages spoken in the territory include Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, and Fulani. [[Muslim]]s make up 50 percent of the population, [[Christian]]s 40 percent, while the remainder adhere to indigenous beliefs. |
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 01:10, 22 June 2008
| Abuja, Nigeria | |
| Abuja, Nigeria. | |
| Phase I and II represents Abuja city on a map of FCT | |
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Territory | Federal Capital Territory |
| Government | |
| - Minister | Aliyu Modibbo Umar |
| Area | |
| - Total | 713 km² (275.3 sq mi) |
| - Land | 713 km² (275.3 sq mi) |
| Population (2006) | |
| - Total | 778,567 [1] |
| Time zone | WAT (UTC+1) |
| Website: http://www.fct.gov.ng/ | |
Abuja, officially Abuja Municipal Area Council, is the capital city of Nigeria, and is known as the best planned city in Africa as well as one of the wealthiest and most expensive. Abuja was mainly built in the 1980s and officially became Nigeria's capital on December 12, 1991, replacing the role of the previous capital Lagos.
Geography
Abuja is located in the center of Nigeria in the Federal Capital Territory, approximately 300 miles (480km) northeast of Lagos, the country's largest city and former capital. The city is 1180 feet (360 meters) above sea level.
Abuja's geography, and very character, is defined by two renowned rock formations around it—the Zuma Rock and the Aso Rock. The Zuma Rock is called the "Gateway to Abuja" and the Federal Capital Territory begins at its base. It is reportedly the exact geographical center of Nigeria. The Aso Rock, a 400-meter monolith left by water erosion, is located at the head of Abuja, with the city extending southward from the rock.
The Federal Capital Territory is located north of the confluence of the Niger and Benue Rivers.
Abuja has a cooler climate and less humidity than is found in Lagos. The city has three seasons. These include a warm, humid rainy season, from April to October, and a blistering dry season, when daytime temperatures can soar as high as 40 degrees celsius (104 degrees fahrenheit). Between these seasons is a brief interlude of harmattan occasioned by the north-east trade wind, with characteristic dust haze, intensified coldness and dryness. The annual total rainfall is in the range of 43.3 inches (1100mm) to 63 inches (1600mm).
Abuja has several parks and green areas with the largest one being Millennium Park, which was designed by renowned architect Manfredi Nicoletti and was officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II of England.
Magnificent buildings abound in Abuja. There is the National Mosque with its golden dome glistening in the sun, the bright pink Federal Secretariat Complex, and the Nigerian National Christian Centre. Other landmarks include the Central Bank of Nigeria headquarters, NNPC towers, Abuja International Conference Centre African Hall, Gurara Falls, Eagle Square, the National Assembly building, Abuja Stadium, the Velodrome, among others. However, people on the semi-developed edges of the city live in shanty towns such as Karu, which was built to house the capital's civil servants and lower income families. Karu had no running water, sanitation or electricity in 2008.
History
Since Nigeria's independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960, ethnic and religious divisions required the creation of a capital city in a location deemed neutral to all parties. Also, Lagos's population boom made that city overcrowded and conditions squalid. The site for a new capital was chosen because of its central location, easy accessibility, pleasant climate, low population density, and the availability of land for future expansion.
A consortium of three American firms: PRC Corporation; Wallace, McHarg, Roberts and Todd; and, Archisystems, created a master plan for Abuja. Renowned Japanese architect Kenzo Tange refined the design. Construction began in the late 1970s, but economic and political instability meant the city’s initial stages were not complete until the late 1980s.
Most countries moved their embassies to Abuja while maintaining their larger former embassies as consulates in the commercial capital, Lagos.
Administration
The Federal Capital Territory is a component of the 36 states and one territory that make up the Federal Republic of Nigeria's administrative system. Abuja is the location of the Presidential Complex, National Assembly, and the Supreme Court, and houses the headquarters of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), as well as its military arm, ECOMOG. It also has the regional headquarters of OPEC.
The city’s phase one districts are: Abuja Central, which is the city's principal business zone and includes the National Assembly, the city hall, national cultural institutes, and other government-related offices, Garki, Wuse, Maitama, which is exclusive and is the location of European embassies, and Asokoro. Phase two districts are: Kado, Durumi, Gudu, Utako and Jabi. Phase three districts are: Mabuchi, Katampe, Wuye and Gwarimpa. There are also five suburban districts, which are Nyanya, Karu, Gwagwalada, Kubwa, and Jukwoyi.
Along the airport road are clusters of satellite settlements: Lugbe, Chika, Kuchigworo and Pyakassa. Other satellite settlements are Idu (The Main Industrial Zone), Mpape, Karimu, Gwagwa, Dei-Dei (housing the International Livestock market and also International Building materials market).
Economy
Abuja's Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, named after Nigeria's first president, consists of an international and a domestic terminal, both sharing the same runway. In 2004, the airport served 2,232,905 passengers. Abuja city has major road connections, and has an efficient rapid bus and green cab system. Construction was underway, in 2008, for a light rail system for the city. Abuja did not (2008) have a connection to the national railway network of Nigeria. Agriculture in the area produces yams, millet, maize, sorghum, and beans. Mineral resources include clay, tin, feldspar, gold, iron ore, lead, marble, and talc.
Demographics
The Federal Capital Territory had a population of 778,567 in 2006. Abuja and the Federal Capital Territory have undergone a huge population growth—with some areas around Abuja growing at a rate of up to 30 percent each year. Abuja was planned as a capital where all Nigeria's ethnic groups, tribes and religions would come together in harmony. It has avoided the violence prevalent in other parts of Nigeria, which has more than 250 ethnic groups. The population in the Federal Capital Territory comprises the Gwari, Koro, Ganagana, Gwandara, Afo, and Bassa ethnic groups. English is the official language. Other languages spoken in the territory include Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, and Fulani. Muslims make up 50 percent of the population, Christians 40 percent, while the remainder adhere to indigenous beliefs.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Abumere SI. 1984. The future population of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The Nigerian Journal of Economic and Social Studies. 26 (3): 287-313. ISSN 0029-0092
- AfricanCities.net. Abuja Retrieved June 22, 2008.
- Elleh, Nnamdi. 2001. Abuja: the single most ambitious urban design project of the 20th century. Architektur der Welt, 5. Weimar: VDG, Verlag und Datenbank für Geisteswissenschaften. ISBN 9783897391659
External links
- Nigerian Road Trip: Abuja BBC News, accessed June 12, 2008.
- Nigeria's Federal Capital Territory website Accessed June 13, 2008
- Abuja.Net African Cities, accessed June 13, 2008.
- Pictures of Abuja Accessed June 13, 2008.
- Abujacity.com Accessed June 13, 2008.
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