Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

Jerry Leiber (born April 25, 1933) and Mike Stoller (born March 13, 1933) were a songwriting team that created some of the defining sounds of rock and roll. Best known for their work with The Coasters, they created a string of ground-breaking, humorous hits include "Young Blood," "Searchin'," and "Yakety Yak." Earlier, they had written the blues song "Hound Dog" for Big Mama Thornton, which went on to become the signature hit for Elvis Presley in his early career, as well as "Kansas City," which was a major hit for Wilbur Harrison. Among their other iconic hits for Presley were "Loving You," "Don't," and "Jailhouse Rock."

As producers, Leiber and Stoller were the first to surround black music with elaborate production values, enhancing its emotional power with The Drifters in such songs as "There Goes My Baby". They were also a major influence on producer Phil Spector, who worked with them on recordings of The Drifters and Ben E. King and went on to create the famous "Wall of Sound" as an independent producer.

Leiber and Stoller later went into the record business and, focusing on the "girl-group" sound, released some of the greatest classics of the Brill Building period.

Leiber and Stoller were inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1985 and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987.

History

Early years

Jerry Leiber came originally from Baltimore, Maryland and Mike Stoller was from Long Island, New York. However, they met in Los Angeles in the 1950s, where Stoller was a freshman at Los Angeles City College while Leiber was a senior at Fairfax High School. When not in school, Stoller played piano and Leiber worked in a record store. After they met, they found that they shared a love of blues and rhythm and blues.

In 1950, Jimmy Witherspoon recorded and performed their first commercial song, "Real Ugly Woman." Their first hit composition was "Hard Times", recorded by Charles Brown, which was a rhythm and blues hit in 1952. "Kansas City," recorded in 1952 (as "KC Loving") by Little Willie Littlefield, would later become a number-one hit in 1959 for Wilbert Harrison. In 1952, they wrote "Hound Dog" for Big Mama Thornton, which became a hit for her in 1953. It became a major hit for Elvis Presley in 1956, although in a bowdlerized version. Their later songs often had lyrics more appropriate for pop music, and their combination of rhythm and blues with pop lyrics revolutionized rock and roll.

File:Brill-building1.jpg

The Brill Building, where Leiber and Stoller produced many of rock and roll's classic hits, along with other songwriting teams such as Gerry Goffin and Carole King, Burt Bacharach and Hal David, and Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfiel.

During this period, they produced a recording of their song "Black Denim Trousers and Motorcycle Boots" on the white vocal group The Cheers. Soon after, the song was recorded by Edith Piaf in a French translation titled "L'homme A La Moto."

They formed Spark Records in 1953. Their include "Smokey Joe's Cafe," "Riot in Cell Block #9," both for the Coasters. The label was later bought by Atlantic Records, which hired Leiber and Stoller as independent producers.

Heyday

At Atlantic, they revitalized the careers of the Drifters and continued to turn out hits for The Coasters. Their songs from this period include "Charlie Brown," "Searchin'," "Yakety Yak," Stand By Me," and "On Broadway," among numerous other hits. For the Coasters alone they wrote 24 songs that appeared in the national charts.

In the mid-50s, the team signed to produce records for RCA Victor in an innovative deal that allowed them to produce for other labels. This, in effect, made them the first independent-record producers.

In 1956, Stoller survived the sinking of the SS Andrea Doria. After his rescue, Leiber greeted him at the dock with the news that "Hound Dog" had become a hit for Elvis. His reply was reportedly "Elvis who?" The song went on to become Presley's signature song in his early years.

Presley's version of "Hound Dog" was a near exact copy of a version by Freddie Bell and the Bellboys that was recorded in early 1955. The melody and much of the lyric of the song as sung by Big Mama Thornton was substantially changed in this version, by parties unknown. However, the Bell/Presley version of the song owes much that of Leiber and Stoller. Presley went on to record several dozen Leiber-Stoller songs, many written specifically for him.

Post 1950s

In the early 1960s, Phil Spector served an apprenticeship of sorts under Leiber and Stoller in New York City, developing his record producer's craft while assisting and playing guitar on their sessions, including "On Broadway" for the Drifters. Liber and Stoller then produced a remarkable series of records for United Artists' record division, including influential hits by Jay and the Americans ("She Cried"), The Exciters ("Tell Him"), and The Clovers ("Love Potion #9," the latter also written by Liber and Stoller.

Leiber and Stoller also founded and briefly owned Red Bird Records, which focused on popular "girl groups" and issued such hits as the Shangri-Las' "Leader of the Pack" and the Dixie Cups' "Chapel of Love." After selling Red Bird, they worked as independent producers and continued to write songs. Their best known song from this period is "Is That All There Is?" recorded by Peggy Lee in 1969, which would go on to win a Grammy Award. Their last major hit production was "Stuck In the Middle With You" by Stealers Wheel in 1972. In 1975, they recorded an album of art songs with Peggy Lee, entitled Mirrors. A remixed and expanded version of this album was released in 2005 as Peggy Lee Sings Leiber & Stoller.

Mezzo-soprano Joan Morris and her pianist-composer husband William Bolcom have recorded an album of "other songs by Leiber and Stoller," featuring a number of their more unusual (and satiric) works (including "Let's Bring Back World War I," written specifically for them, and "Humphrey Bogart," a tongue-in-cheek song about obsession with the actor).

Legacy

In the 1950s, the music scene was in a time of change. Black music, the authentic rhythm and blues of the black entertainment world, up to now restricted to black clubs, was increasing its audience-share in areas previously reserved for popular music, and the phenomenon now known as crossover became apparent.

Leiber and Stoller affected the course of modern popular music in 1957 when they wrote and produced the crossover double-sided hit by The Coasters, "Young Blood"/"Searchin'." They released "Yakety Yak" which was a huge mainstream hit, as was the follow-up "Charlie Brown." This was followed by "Along Came Jones," "Poison Ivy," "Shoppin' for Clothes," and "Little Egypt (Ying-Yang)."

They wrote and produced There Goes My Baby, a hit for The Drifters in 1959, which introduced the use of strings for saxophone-like riffs and lavish production values into the already powerful black sound, and laying the ground work for the soul music that would follow. Their impact on rock and roll was a major one, including such iconic Elvis Presley hits as "Hound Dog," "Loving You," "Don't," and "Jailhouse Rock," among others.

Leiber and Stoller's meticulous craft and the high level of creativity which they brought to rock-and-roll songwriting was the a influence on the rock and roll songwriters of the 1960s, from songwriters such as Gerry Goffin and Carole King, to the great writers of the Motown era. John Lennon, and Paul McCartney also both paid tribute to the great influence Leiber and Stoller's songs had on the development of their own craft.

They won Grammy awards for "Is That All There Is?" and for the cast album of Smokey Joe's Cafe, a 1995 Broadway musical based on their work. The musical revue was also nominated for seven Tony awards. Leiber and Stoller also have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Defining Songs

• "(You A'int Nothin' But A) Hound Dog"
• "Kansas City"
• "Yakety Yak"
• "Charlie Brown"
• "Ruby Baby"
• "Stand By Me"
• "Is That All There Is?"
• "Jailhouse Rock"
• "Love Potion No. 9"

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Gillett, Charlie. The Sound of the City: The Rise of Rock and Roll. New York, N.Y.:Da Capo Press, 1996. ISBN 0-306-80683
• Leiber, Jerry; Stoller, Mike; and Zaks, Jerry. Smokey Joe's Cafe: The Songs of Leiber and Stoller. Blacksburg, Va.: Virginia Tech, 1999.

OCLC: 44001401

• Leiber, Jerry; Stoller, Mike; and Ritz, David. Hound Dog: The Leiber & Stoller Autobiography. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009. ISBN 978-1416559382
• Palmer, Robert; Leiber, Jerry; and Stoller, Mike. Baby, That Was Rock & Roll: The Legendary Leiber & Stoller. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978. ISBN 978-0156101554

External links

• Mike Stoller
• Leiber & Stoller

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