Difference between revisions of "Andrei Rublev" - New World Encyclopedia
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'''Andrei Rublev''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Андре́й Рублёв, also transliterated ''Andrey Rublyov'' and other permutations,<ref>[http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Rublev&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500001430 Getty Union Artist Name List], which prefers "Rublyov," but "Rublev" is more commonly found</ref> born in the 1360s, died 1427 or January 29, 1430) is considered to be the greatest medieval [[Russia]]n [[Painting|painter]] of [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[icon]]s and [[fresco]]es. | '''Andrei Rublev''' ([[Russian language|Russian]]: Андре́й Рублёв, also transliterated ''Andrey Rublyov'' and other permutations,<ref>[http://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=Rublev&role=&nation=&prev_page=1&subjectid=500001430 Getty Union Artist Name List], which prefers "Rublyov," but "Rublev" is more commonly found</ref> born in the 1360s, died 1427 or January 29, 1430) is considered to be the greatest medieval [[Russia]]n [[Painting|painter]] of [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]] [[icon]]s and [[fresco]]es. | ||
Revision as of 04:24, 9 February 2009
| St. Andrei Rublev | |
|---|---|
Russian Icon of St. Andrei Rublev, holding one of his works | |
| Venerable Father (Prepodobne) | |
| Born | 1360-1370 |
| Died | 29 January 1427 or 1430 in Andronikov Monastery, Moscow |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church |
| Canonized | June, 1988, Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra
by Holy Governing Synod of the Moscow Patriarchate |
| Feast | 29 January, 4 July |
| Attributes | Clothed as an Orthodox monk, often shown holding an icon |
Boris III of Bulgaria Andrei Rublev (Russian: Андре́й Рублёв, also transliterated Andrey Rublyov and other permutations,[1] born in the 1360s, died 1427 or January 29, 1430) is considered to be the greatest medieval Russian painter of Orthodox icons and frescoes.
Biography
There is little information about his life. It is not known where he was born. Andrei Rublev probably lived in the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra near Moscow under Nikon of Radonezh, who became hegumen after the death of Sergii Radonezhsky (1392).
The first mention of Rublev is in 1405 when he decorated icons and frescos for the Cathedral of the Annunciation of the Moscow Kremlin in company with Theophanes the Greek and Prokhor of Gorodets. His name was the last of the list of masters as the junior both by rank and by age. Theophanes was an important Byzantine master who moved to Russia, and is considered to have trained Rublev.
Chronicles tell us that in 1408 he painted (together with Daniil Cherni) the Assumption Cathedral in Vladimir and in 1425–1427 the Cathedral of St. Trinity in the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra. After Daniil's death Andrei came to Moscow's Andronikov Monastery where he painted his last work, the frescoes of the Savior Cathedral.
He is also believed to have painted at least one of the miniatures in the Khitrovo Gospels.
Rublev's Art
The only work authenticated as entirely his is the icon of the Trinity, ca. 1410 (shown at left), currently in the Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow. It is based upon an earlier icon known as the "Hospitality of Abraham" (illustrating Genesis 18). Rublev removed the figures of Abraham and Sarah from the scene, and through a subtle use of composition and symbolism changed the subject to focus on the Mystery of the Trinity.
In Rublev's art, two traditions are combined: the highest asceticism and the classic harmony of Byzantine mannerism. The characters of his paintings are always peaceful and calm. After some time his art came to be perceived as the ideal of Church painting and of Orthodox iconography.
Death
Andrei died at Andronikov Monastery on January 29, 1430 (this date is still questionable). His work has influenced many different artists including Dionisy. At the Stoglavi Sobor (1551) Rublev's icon style was announced as a model for church painting. He was canonized a saint in 1988 by the Russian Orthodox Church. The church celebrates his feast day on January 29[2] and July 4.[3][4][2]
Legacy
Since 1959 the Andrei Rublev Museum has been open at the Andronnikov Monastery, displaying the art of his works and his epoch.
Tarkovsky film
In 1966, Andrei Tarkovsky made his celebrated film, Andrei Rublev from a screenplay written by Andrei Konchalovsky and Tarkovsky. Andrei Rublev is set against the background of 15th century Russia. Although the film is only loosely based on the life of Andrei Rublev, its depiction of medieval Russia is realistic. Tarkovsky created a film that shows the artist as "a world-historic figure" and "Christianity as an axiom of Russia’s historical identity"[5] during a turbulent period of Russian history, that ultimately resulted in the Tsardom of Russia. The film is about the essence of art and the importance of faith and shows an artist who tries to find the appropriate response to the tragedies of his time. The film is also about artistic freedom and the possibility and necessity of making art for, and in the face of, a repressive authority and its hypocrisy, technology and empiricism, by which knowledge is acquired on one's own without reliance on authority, and the role of the individual, community, and government in the making of both spiritual and epic art.
Because of the films's religious themes and political ambiguity, it was unreleased in the atheistic and authoritarian Soviet Union for years after it was completed, except for a single screening in Moscow. A cut version of the film was shown at the Cannes Film Festival in 1969, where it won the FIPRESCI prize. In 1971 a censored version of the film released in the Soviet Union. The film was further cut for commercial reasons upon release in the US in 1973. Because of this several versions of the film exist. Today Andrei Rublev is widely regarded as a masterpiece and one of Tarkovsky's best works.[6]
The 1998 horror novel The Vampire Armand by Anne Rice featured a young man, who was born himself in Russia under the name of Andrei (his last name is not revealed). The story claims that 'Andrei' was a renowned icon painter himself, his history bearing a great resemblance to Rublev's.
Selected works
Nativity of Jesus, 1405 (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow Kremlin)
Baptism of Jesus, 1405 (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow)
Annunciation, 1405 (Cathedral of the Annunciation, Moscow)
Theotokos of Vladimir, ca. 1405
St. Michael, 1408 (Iconostasis at Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
St. Gabriel, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
St. Andrew the First-called, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
St. Gregory the Theologian, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
Theotokos from Deësis, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir) Some think this may be the work of Theophanes the Greek
St. John the Theologian, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
St. John the Baptist, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
Savior in Glory, 1408 (Dormition Cathedral, Vladimir)
Harrowing of Hell, 1408-1410 (Vladimir)
Christ the Redeemer ca. 1410 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
Ascension, 1408 (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
Apostle Paul, 1410s (Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow)
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- ↑ Getty Union Artist Name List, which prefers "Rublyov," but "Rublev" is more commonly found
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2006, Saint Herman Calendar 2006, Platina CA: Saint Herman of Alaska Brotherhood
- ↑ Church Calendar (Russian)
- ↑ "Moscow Patriarchate Glorifies Saints". Orthodox America (Issue 82, Vol. IX, No. 2, August, 1988). Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ↑ Hoberman, Jim. Andrei Rublev. The Criterion Collection. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
- ↑ Georgaris, Bill; Vicki Platt. The Top 100 Films. They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?. Retrieved 2007-12-06.
See also
- Andrei Rublev, a 1966 film by Andrei Tarkovsky loosely based on the painter's life.
- Mikhail V. Alpatov, Andrey Rublev, Moscow: Iskusstvo, 1972.
- Sergius Golubtsov, Voplosh’enie bogoslovskih idey v tvorchestve prepodobnogo Andreya Rubleva [The realization of theological ideas in creative works of Andrey Rublev]. Bogoslovskie trudy 22, 20–40, 1981.
- Troitca Andreya Rubleva [The Trinity of Andrey Rublev], Gerold I. Vzdornov (ed.), Moscow: Iskusstvo 1989.
- Viktor N. Lazarev, The Russian Icon: From Its Origins to the Sixteenth Century, Gerold I. Vzdornov (ed.). Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 1997.
- Konrad Onasch, Das Problem des Lichtes in der Ikonomalerei Andrej Rublevs. Zur 600–Jahrfeier des grossen russischen Malers, vol. 28. Berlin: Berliner byzantinische Arbeiten, 1962.
- Konrad Onasch, Das Gedankenmodell des byzantisch–slawischen Kirchenbaus. In Tausend Jahre Christentum in Russland, Karl Christian Felmy et al. (eds.), 539–543. Go¨ ttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, 1988.
- Eugeny N. Trubetskoi, Russkaya ikonopis'. Umozrenie w kraskah. Wopros o smysle vizni w drewnerusskoj religioznoj viwopisi [Russian icon painting. Colourful contemplation. Question of the meaning of life in early Russian religious painting], Moscow: Beliy Gorod, 2003 [1916].
- Georgij Yu. Somov, Semiotic systemity of visual artworks: Case study of The Holy Trinity by Rublev, Semiotica 166 (1/4), 1-79, 2007.
External links
- Andrey Rublev Official Web Site
- Rublev at the Russian Art Gallery
- Selected works by Andrei Rublev: icons, frescoes and miniatures
- "The Deesis painted by Andrey Rublev" from the Annunciation Church of the Moscow Kremlin - article by Dr. Oleg G. Uliyanov
- Historical documentation on Andrei Rublev, compiled by Robert Bird
- The Andrei Rublev Museum of Ancient Russian Art – Guide to visiting the museum
- Venerable Andrew Rublev the Iconographer Orthodox icon and synaxarion
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