Difference between revisions of "Margaret Atwood" - New World Encyclopedia

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{{Infobox Writer
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{{Infobox Writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox Writer/doc]] —>
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| name        = Margaret Atwood
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|name        = Margaret Atwood
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| image      =
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|image      = Margaret Atwood at demonstration.jpg
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| imagesize  = 220px
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|imagesize  = 220px
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| bgcolour    = silver
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|caption    = Margaret Atwood at a demonstration in 1988
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| caption    =  
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|birthdate = {{birth date and age|mf=yes|1939|11|18}}
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| pseudonym  =
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|birthplace = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
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| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1939|11|18}}
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|occupation  = [[Novelist]], [[Poet]]
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| birth_place = [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
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|nationality = [[Canadian]]
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| occupation  = [[Novelist]], [[Poet]]
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|period      = 1960s to present
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| nationality = [[Canada]]
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|genre      = [[Romance novel|Romance]], [[Historical fiction]], [[Speculative fiction]], [[Dystopian fiction]]
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| religion    = [[Nontheistic]] [[humanism]]
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|notableworks = ''[[The Handmaid's Tale]],'' ''[[Cat's Eye (novel)|Cat's Eye]]'', ''[[Alias Grace]],'' ''[[The Blind Assassin]]'', ''[[Oryx and Crake]]'', ''[[Surfacing]]''
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| period      =  
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|influences  =  
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| genre      = [[Romance novel|Romance]], [[Historical fiction]], [[Speculative fiction]], [[Dystopian fiction]]
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|influenced  =  
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| debut_works =
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|website = http://www.owtoad.com
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| magnum_opus = ''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]''
 
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| influences  = [[George Orwell]]
 
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| influenced  =  
 
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| website     = [http://www.owtoad.com/ www.owtoad.com]
 
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| footnotes  =
 
 
}}
 
}}
  
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'''Margaret Eleanor Atwood''', [[Order of Canada|OC]] (born [[November 18]], [[1939]]) is a Canadian [[writer]]. A prolific [[poet]], [[novel|novelist]], [[literary criticism|literary critic]], [[feminism|feminist]] and [[activism|activist]], she is a winner of the [[Booker Prize]] and [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]], and has been a finalist for the [[Governor General's Award]] seven times, winning twice. Atwood is among the most-honored authors of fiction in recent history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.awardannals.com/wiki/Honor_roll:Fiction_authors | title=Honor roll:Fiction authors | date=2007-11-17 | work=Award Annals }}</ref>
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'''Margaret Eleanor Atwood''', [[Order of Canada|CC]] (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian [[writer]]. A prolific [[poet]], [[novel]]ist, [[literary criticism|literary critic]], [[feminism|feminist]] and [[activism|activist]], she is a winner of the [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] and [[Prince of Asturias Awards|Prince of Asturias]] award for Literature, has been shortlisted for the [[Booker Prize]] five times, winning once, and has been a finalist for the [[Governor General's Award]] seven times, winning twice. Atwood is among the most-honored authors of fiction in recent history.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.awardannals.com/wiki/Honor_roll:Fiction_authors | title=Honor roll:Fiction authors | date=2007-11-17 | work=Award Annals }}</ref> While she is best known for her work as a novelist, her [[poetry]] is noteworthy.<ref name="Holcombe">{{cite encyclopedia | last = Holcombe | first = Garan | title = Margaret Atwood | encyclopedia = Contemporary Writers | volume = | pages = | publisher = British Arts Council | location = London | date = 2005 | url = http://www.contemporarywriters.com/authors/?p=auth03C18N390512635243 | accessdate = 2008-10-22 }}</ref> Many of her poems have been inspired by [[myths]], and [[fairy tales]], which were an interest of hers from an early age.{{Fact|date=November 2008}} Atwood has also published short stories in ''[[Tamarack Review]], Alphabet, [[Harper's Magazine|Harper's]], [[CBC Literary Awards|CBC Anthology]], [[Ms. (magazine)|Ms.]], [[Saturday Night (magazine)|Saturday Night]], [[Playboy]]'', and many other magazines.
  
 
==Life==
 
==Life==
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Born in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Atwood was  second of three children of Carl Edmund Atwood, a zoologist, and Margaret Dorothy Killiam, a former dietician and nutritionist. Due to her father’s ongoing research in forest [[entomology]], Atwood spent much of her childhood in the backwoods of [[Quebec|Northern Quebec]] and back and forth between Ottawa, [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]] and [[Toronto]]. She did not complete a full year of school until [[Grade 8|grade eight]]. She became a voracious reader of refined literature, [[Dell Publishing|Dell]] pocketbook mysteries, [[Grimm's Fairy Tales]], Canadian animal stories, and [[comic book]]s. She attended Leaside High School in [[Leaside]], Toronto.
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Born in [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], Atwood is the second of three children of Carl Edmund Atwood, an [[entomologist]], and Margaret Dorothy Killiam, a former dietitian and nutritionist.<ref name=lumin>http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/atwood/atwood.htm</ref> Due to her father’s ongoing research in forest [[entomology]], Atwood spent much of her childhood in the backwoods of Northern [[Quebec]] and back and forth between Ottawa, [[Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario|Sault Ste. Marie]] and [[Toronto]]. She did not attend school full-time until she was 11 years old. She became a voracious reader of literature, [[Dell Publishing|Dell]] pocketbook mysteries, [[Grimm's Fairy Tales]], Canadian animal stories, and [[comic book]]s. She attended Leaside High School in [[Leaside]], Toronto and graduated in 1957.<ref name=lumin/>
  
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Atwood began writing at age sixteen. In 1957, she began studying at [[Victoria University in the University of Toronto]]. Her professors included [[Jay Macpherson]] and [[Northrop Frye]]. She graduated in 1961 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English (honours) and minors in [[philosophy]] and [[French language|French]].
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Atwood began writing at age six and realized she wanted to write professionally when she was 16. In 1957, she began studying at [[Victoria University in the University of Toronto]]. Her professors included [[Jay Macpherson]] and [[Northrop Frye]]. She graduated in 1961 with a [[Bachelor of Arts]] in English (honours) and minors in [[philosophy]] and [[French language|French]].<ref name=lumin/>
  
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In the fall of 1961, after winning the [[E.J. Pratt]] Medal for her privately-printed book of poems, ''Double Persephone'', she began graduate studies at Harvard's [[Radcliffe College]] with a [[Woodrow Wilson]] fellowship.  She obtained a master's degree (MA) from Radcliffe in 1962 and pursued further graduate studies at [[Harvard University|Harvard]], for two 2-year periods, but never took a degree.  She has taught at the [[University of British Columbia]] (1965), [[Sir George Williams University]] in [[Montreal]] (1967-68), the [[University of Alberta]] (1969-79), [[York University]] in Toronto (1971-72), and [[New York University]], where she was Berg professor of English.
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In late 1961, after winning the [[E.J. Pratt]] Medal for her privately printed book of poems, ''Double Persephone'', she began graduate studies at Harvard's [[Radcliffe College]] with a [[Woodrow Wilson]] fellowship.  She obtained a master's degree (MA) from Radcliffe in 1962 and pursued further graduate studies at [[Harvard University]] for 2 years, but never finished because she never completed a dissertation on “The English Metaphysical Romance” in 1967.  She has taught at the [[University of British Columbia]] (1965), [[Sir George Williams University]] in [[Montreal]] (1967-68), the [[University of Alberta]] (1969-79), [[York University]] in Toronto (1971-72), and [[New York University]], where she was Berg Professor of English.
  
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In 1968, Atwood married Jim Polk, whom she divorced in 1973. She got together with fellow novelist [[Graeme Gibson]] soon after and moved to [[Alliston, Ontario|Alliston]], Ontario, north of Toronto.  In 1976 their daughter, Eleanor Jess Atwood Gibson, was born. (Graeme Gibson had two sons, Matt and Grae, from a previous marriage.) Atwood returned to Toronto in 1980. She divides her time between Toronto and [[Pelee Island]], Ontario.
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In 1968, Atwood married Jim Polk, whom she divorced in 1973. She formed a relationship with fellow novelist [[Graeme Gibson]] soon after and moved to [[Alliston, Ontario]], north of Toronto.  In 1976 their daughter, Eleanor Jess Atwood Gibson, was born. Atwood returned to Toronto in 1980. She divides her time between Toronto and [[Pelee Island]], Ontario. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}
  
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Atwood and her partner [[Graeme Gibson]] are members of the [[Green Party of Canada]] and strong supporters of GPC leader [[Elizabeth May]], whom Atwood has referred to as fearless, honest, reliable and knowledgeable. Atwood has strong views on environmental issues,<ref>http://www.canadianliving.com/life/community/interview_with_author_margaret_atwood.php</ref>, such as suggesting that gas-powered leaf blowers and lawn mowers be banned, and has made her own home more energy efficient – including not having [[air-conditioning]] - by installing [[awnings]] and skylights that open. She and her husband also use a [[hybrid car]] when they are in the city.
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In March 2008 it was announced by Atwood, via television hookup between Toronto and Vancouver, that she had accepted her first chamber opera commission. 'Pauline' will be on the subject of [[Pauline Johnson]], a writer and Canadian artist long a subject of fascination to Atwood. It will star Judith Forst, with music by Christos Hatzis, and be produced by [[City Opera of Vancouver]]. 'Pauline' will be set at Vancouver, British Columbia, in March 1913, in the last week in the life of Johnson.{{Fact|date=October 2008}}
  
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==Work==
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==Critical reception==
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[[Image:Oryx and crake.jpg|right|180px|thumb|Cover for ''Oryx and Crake'']]
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''[[The Economist]]'' called her a 'scintillating wordsmith' and an 'expert literary critic', but commented that her logic doesn't match her prose in ''[[Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth]]''.<ref>http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12414948</ref>
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Atwood has written thematically diverse novels from a number of genres and traditions, including [[science fiction]]/[[speculative fiction]],<ref>London, 17 June 2005, The Guardian: "Aliens have taken the place of angels (Margaret Atwood on why we need science fiction", includes the line "I have written two works of science fiction or, if you prefer, speculative fiction."</ref> [[space opera]] and [[Southern Ontario Gothic]]. She is often described as a feminist writer, as issues of gender often (but not always) appear prominently in her work. Her work has focused on Canadian national identity, Canada’s relations with the United States and Europe, human rights issues, environmental issues, the Canadian wilderness, the social myths of femininity, representations of women’s bodies in art, women’s social and economic exploitation, as well as women’s relations with each other and with men (Howells 163). In her novel ''[[Oryx and Crake]]'' and in recent essays, she has demonstrated great interest in (and wariness of) unchecked [[biotechnology]].  
 
  
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Her first collection of poetry was ''Double Persephone'' (1961). ''The Circle Game'' (1964), her second, won the Governor General's award for poetry. Of Atwood's poetry collections, the most well-known is perhaps ''The Journals of Susanna Moodie'' (1970), in which Atwood writes poems from the viewpoint of [[Susanna Moodie]], a historical nineteenth-century Canadian pioneer on the frontier.
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==Political involvement==
 +
Although Atwood's politics are commonly described as being [[left wing]], she has indicated in interviews that she considers herself a [[Red Tory]].<ref>[http://www.motherjones.com/arts/qa/1997/07/visions.html "Margaret Atwood: The activist author of Alias Grace and The Handmaid's Tale discusses the politics of art and the art of the con"], ''[[Mother Jones]]'', July/August 1997.</ref> Atwood and her partner [[Graeme Gibson]] are currently members of the [[Green Party of Canada]] and strong supporters of GPC leader [[Elizabeth May]], whom Atwood has referred to as fearless, honest, reliable and knowledgeable. In the [[Canadian federal election, 2008|2008 federal election]] she attended a rally for the [[Bloc Québécois]], a Quebec separatist party, because of her support for their position on the arts, and stated that she would vote for the party if she lived in Quebec.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/news/canadavotes/story/2008/10/03/duceppe-to.html]</ref> In a ''Globe and Mail'' editorial, she urged Canadians to vote for any other party to stop a Conservative majority.<ref>Margaret, Atwood. [http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20081006.WAtwood07_PTR/BNStory/politics Anything but a Harper majority]. ''Globe and Mail''. October. 6, 2008.</ref>
  
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As a literary critic, she is best known as author of the seminal ''[[Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature]]'' (1972), which is credited with sparking renewed interest in [[Canadian literature]] in the 1970s. She also wrote several television scripts, ''The Servant Girl'' (1974) and ''Days of the Rebels: 1815-1840'' (1977).
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Atwood has strong views on environmental issues,<ref>[http://www.canadianliving.com/life/community/interview_with_author_margaret_atwood.php Interview with author Margaret Atwood]</ref> such as suggesting that gas-powered leaf blowers and lawn mowers be banned, and has made her own home more energy efficient – including not having [[air-conditioning]] - by installing [[awnings]] and skylights that open. She and her partner also use a [[hybrid car]] when they are in the city.  
  
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Atwood has been vice-chairman of the [[Writers' Union of Canada]] and president of [[International PEN]] (1984-1986), an international group committed to promoting freedom of expression and freeing writers who are political prisoners. Elected a Senior Fellow of [[Massey College]] at the University of Toronto, she has sixteen [[honorary degree]]s, including a doctorate from Victoria College (1987), and was inducted into [[Canada's Walk of Fame]] in 2001. Her literary papers are housed at the University of Toronto's [[Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library]].
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During the debate in 1987 over a free trade agreement between Canada and the United States, Atwood came out against the deal. Her opposition included an essay she wrote opposing the agreement.<ref>[http://72.14.205.104/search?q=cache:Ade9DPXEVw0J:www.eng.fju.edu.tw/worldlit/canada/handmaid.html+%22Margaret+Atwood%22+%22Free+trade%22&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=10&gl=ca]</ref>
  
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Though frequently identified with the [[left]], Atwood has described herself as a [[Red Tory]].<ref>http://www.motherjones.com/arts/qa/1997/07/visions.html</ref> Among her more notable acts of activism, Atwood donated all of her [[Booker Prize]] money to environmental causes and gave up her house in France after [[Jacques Chirac]] resumed nuclear testing. An active member of [[Amnesty International]], Atwood once promised a free subscription to its bimonthly reports to the next person who accused her of being too pessimistic; it is unknown who, if anyone, has collected.{{Fact|date=June 2007}}
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==Works==
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{{col-begin}}
 +
{{col-2}}
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===Novels===
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*''[[The Edible Woman]]'' (1969)
 +
*''[[Surfacing (novel)|Surfacing]]'' (1972)
 +
*''[[Lady Oracle]]'' (1976)
 +
*''[[Life Before Man]]'' (1979, finalist for the [[1979 Governor General's Awards|Governor General's Award]])
 +
*''[[Bodily Harm (novel)|Bodily Harm]]'' (1981)
 +
*''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]'' (1985, winner of the 1987 [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] and [[1985 Governor General's Awards|1985 Governor General's Award]], finalist for the 1986 [[Booker Prize]])
 +
*''[[Cat's Eye (novel)|Cat's Eye]]'' (1988, finalist for the [[1988 Governor General's Awards|1988 Governor General's Award]] and the 1989 [[Booker Prize]])
 +
*''[[The Robber Bride]]'' (1993, finalist for the [[1994 Governor General's Awards|1994 Governor General's Award]])
 +
*''[[Alias Grace]]'' (1996, winner of the 1996 [[Giller Prize]], finalist for the 1996 [[Booker Prize]] and the [[1996 Governor General's Awards|1996 Governor General's Award]])
 +
*''[[The Blind Assassin]]'' (2000, winner of the 2000 [[Booker Prize]] and finalist for the [[2000 Governor General's Awards|2000 Governor General's Award]])
 +
*''[[Oryx and Crake]]'' (2003, finalist for the 2003 [[Booker Prize]] and the [[2003 Governor General's Awards|2003 Governor General's Award]]_)
 +
*''[[The Penelopiad]]'' (2005, longlisted for the 2007 [[IMPAC Award]])
  
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She invented "The Long Pen," billed as "the world's first long distance signing device."<ref> {{cite news
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Atwood is scheduled to publish a new novel in 2009. The book's title was initially reported in some media as ''God's Gardeners'', although Atwood later confirmed that this was not the intended title.
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  | last = Holt
 
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  | first = Karen
 
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  | title = The Long Pen Shortens the Distance
 
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  | pages = 12–27
 
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  | publisher = Publishers Weekly
 
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  | url = http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6313134.html
 
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  | accessdate = 2007-10-10 }} </ref>
 
  
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==Works==
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===Poetry collections===
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<div style="float:left; width:49%;">
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*''[[Double Persephone]]'' (1961)
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=== Novels ===
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*''[[The Circle Game (collection)|The Circle Game]]'' (1964, winner of the [[1966 Governor General's Awards|1966 Governor General's Award]])
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*''[[The Edible Woman]]'' ([[1969 in literature|1969]])
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*''[[Expeditions, by Margaret Atwood|Expeditions]]'' (1965)
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*''[[Surfacing (novel)|Surfacing]]'' ([[1972 in literature|1972]])
+
*''[[Speeches for Doctor Frankenstein]]'' (1966)
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*''[[Lady Oracle]]'' ([[1976 in literature|1976]])
+
*''[[The Animals in That Country]]'' (1968)
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*''[[Life Before Man]]'' ([[1979 in literature|1979]]) - finalist for the [[1979 Governor General's Awards|1979 Governor General's Award]]
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*''[[The Journals of Susanna Moodie]]'' (1970)
−
*''[[Bodily Harm (novel)|Bodily Harm]]'' ([[1981 in literature|1981]])
 
−
*''[[The Handmaid's Tale]]'' ([[1985 in literature|1985]])  - winner of the 1987 [[Arthur C. Clarke Award]] and the [[1985 Governor General's Awards|1985 Governor General's Award]].
 
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*''[[Cat's Eye (novel)|Cat's Eye]]'' ([[1988 in literature|1988]]) -  finalist for the [[1988 Governor General's Awards|1988 Governor General's Award]]
 
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*''[[The Robber Bride]]'' ([[1993 in literature|1993]]) -  finalist for the [[1994 Governor General's Awards|1994 Governor General's Award]]
 
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*''[[Alias Grace]]'' ([[1996 in literature|1996]]) - winner of the 1996 [[Giller Prize]] and finalist for the [[1996 Governor General's Awards|1996 Governor General's Award]] 
 
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*''[[The Blind Assassin]]'' ([[2000 in literature|2000]])  - winner of the 2000 [[Booker Prize]] and finalist for the [[2000 Governor General's Awards|2000 Governor General's Award]]
 
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*''[[Oryx and Crake]]'' ([[2003 in literature|2003]]) - finalist for the [[2003 Governor General's Awards|2003 Governor General's Award]]
 
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*''[[The Penelopiad]]'' ([[2005 in literature|2005]]) - longlisted for the 2007 [[IMPAC Award]]
 
−
 
 
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=== Poetry collections ===
 
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*''[[Double Persephone]]'' ([[1961 in poetry|1961]])
 
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*''[[The Circle Game (collection)|The Circle Game]]'' ([[1964 in poetry|1964]]) - winner of the 1966 [[Governor General's Award]]  
 
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*''[[Expeditions, by Margaret Atwood|Expeditions]]'' ([[1965 in poetry|1965]])
 
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*''[[Speeches for Doctor Frankenstein]]'' ([[1966 in poetry|1966]])
 
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*''[[The Animals in That Country]]'' ([[1968 in poetry|1968]])
 
−
*''[[The Journals of Susanna Moodie]]'' ([[1970 in poetry|1970]])
 
 
*''[[Procedures for Underground]]'' (1970)
 
*''[[Procedures for Underground]]'' (1970)
−
*''[[Power Politics (collection)|Power Politics]]'' ([[1971 in poetry|1971]])
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*''[[Power Politics (collection)|Power Politics]]'' (1971)
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*''[[You Are Happy]]'' ([[1974 in poetry|1974]])
+
*''[[You Are Happy]]'' (1974)
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*''[[Selected Poems (collection)|Selected Poems]]'' ([[1976 in poetry|1976]])
+
*''[[Selected Poems (collection)|Selected Poems]]'' (1976)
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*''[[Two-Headed Poems]]'' ([[1978 in poetry|1978]])
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*''[[Two-Headed Poems]]'' (1978)
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*''[[True Stories (collection)|True Stories]]'' ([[1981 in poetry|1981]])
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*''[[True Stories (collection)|True Stories]]'' (1981)
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*''[[Love songs of a Terminator]]'' ([[1983 in poetry|1983]])
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*''[[Love songs of a Terminator]]'' (1983)
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*''[[Interlunar]]'' ([[1984 in poetry|1984]])
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*''[[Interlunar]]'' (1984)
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*''[[Morning in the Burned House]]'' ([[1996 in poetry|1996]])
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*''[[Morning in the Burned House]]'' (1996)
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*[http://www.cbc.ca/wordsatlarge/features/feature.php?storyId=364 "The Moment" from ''Morning in Burned House'', online at CBC Words at Large]
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*''[[Eating Fire: Selected Poems, 1965-1995]]'' (1998)
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*''[[Eating Fire: Selected Poems, 1965-1995]]'' ([[1998 in poetry|1998]])
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*''[[The Door (Margaret Atwood poetry)|The Door]]'' (2007)
−
*''[[The Door (Margaret Atwood poetry)|The Door]]'' ([[2007 in poetry|2007]])
 
  
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=== Short fiction collections ===
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{{col-2}}
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*''[[Dancing Girls (book)|Dancing Girls]]'' ([[1977 in literature|1977]]) - winner of the [[St. Lawrence Award for Fiction]] and the award of The Periodical Distributors of Canada for Short Fiction
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===Short fiction collections===
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*''[[Murder in the Dark]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
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*''[[Dancing Girls (book)|Dancing Girls]]'' (1977, winner of the [[St. Lawrence Award for Fiction]] and the award of The Periodical Distributors of Canada for Short Fiction)
 +
*''[[Murder in the Dark]]'' (1983)
 
*''[[Bluebeard's Egg]]'' (1983)
 
*''[[Bluebeard's Egg]]'' (1983)
−
*''[[Through the One-Way Mirror]]'' ([[1986 in literature|1986]])
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*''[[Through the One-Way Mirror]]'' (1986)
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*''[[Wilderness Tips (book)|Wilderness Tips]]'' ([[1991 in literature|1991]]) - finalist for the 1991 [[Governor General's Award]]
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*''[[Wilderness Tips (book)|Wilderness Tips]]'' (1991, finalist for the [[1991 Governor General's Awards|Governor General's Award]])
−
*''[[Good Bones]]'' ([[1992 in literature|1992]])  
+
*''[[Good Bones]]'' (1992)
−
*''[[Good Bones and Simple Murders]]'' ([[1994 in literature|1994]])
+
*''[[Good Bones and Simple Murders]]'' (1994)
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*''[[The Tent - novel by Margaret Atwood|The Tent]]'' ([[2006 in literature|2006]])
+
*''[[The Labrador Fiasco]]'' (1996)
 +
*''[[The Tent (Margaret Atwood book)|The Tent]]'' (2006)
 
*''[[Moral Disorder]]'' (2006)
 
*''[[Moral Disorder]]'' (2006)
−
</div><div style="float:right; width:49%;">
 
  
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=== Anthologies edited ===
+
===Anthologies edited===
−
*''[[The New Oxford Book of Canadian Verse]]'' ([[1982 in poetry|1982]])
+
*''[[The New Oxford Book of Canadian Verse]]'' (1982)
−
*''[[The Canlit Foodbook: From Pen to palate - A Collection of Tasty Literary Fare]]'' ([[1987 in poetry|1987]])
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*''[[The Canlit Foodbook]]'' (1987)
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*''[[The Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English]]'' ([[1988 in poetry|1988]])
+
*''[[The Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English]]'' (1988)
−
*''[[The Best American Short Stories 1989]]'' ([[1989 in poetry|1989]]) (with [[Shannon Ravenel]])
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*''[[The Best American Short Stories 1989]]'' (1989) (with [[Shannon Ravenel]])
−
*''[[The New Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English]]'' ([[1995 in poetry|1995]])
+
*''[[The New Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English]]'' (1995)
  
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=== Other short stories ===
+
===Children's books===
 +
*''[[Up in the Tree]]'' (1978)
 +
*''[[Anna's Pet]]'' (1980) with Joyce C. Barkhouse
 +
*''[[For the Birds (book)|For the Birds]]'' (1990) (with [[Shelly Tanaka]])
 +
*''[[Princess Prunella and the Purple Peanut]]'' (1995)
 +
*''[[Rude Ramsay and the Roaring Radishes]]'' (2003)
 +
*''[[Bashful Bob and Doleful Dorinda]]'' (2006)
  
−
*''[[Death by Landscape]]''
+
===Non-fiction===
−
*''[[Rape Fantasies]]'' ([[1977 in literature|1977]])
+
*''[[Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature]]'' (1972)
−
*''[[Unearthing Suite]]'' ([[1983 in literature|1983]])
+
*''[[Days of the Rebels 1815-1840]]'' (1977)
−
*''[[When it Happens]]'' (1983)
+
*''[[Second Words: Selected Critical Prose]]'' (1982)
−
*''[[Freeforall (short story)|Freeforall]]'' ([[1986 in literature|1986]])
+
*''[[Strange Things: The Malevolent North in Canadian Literature]]'' (1995)
−
*''[[Homelanding]]'' ([[1989 in literature|1989]])
+
*''[[Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing]]'' (2002)
−
*''[[Daphne and Laura and So Forth]]'' ([[1995 in literature|1995]])
+
*''[[Moving Targets: Writing with Intent, 1982-2004]]'' (2004)
−
*''[[Half-Hanged Mary]]'' (1995)
+
*''[[Writing with Intent: Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose—1983-2005]]'' (2005)
−
*''[[The Labrador Fiasco]]'' ([[1996 in literature|1996]])
+
*''[[Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth]]'' (2008)
−
*''[[Shopping (short story)|Shopping]]'' ([[1998 in literature|1998]])
 
−
*''[[Bread (short story)|Bread]]''
 
−
*''[[Happy Endings (short story)|Happy Endings]]''
 
  
−
=== Children's books ===
+
===Drawings===
−
*''[[Up in the Tree]]'' ([[1978 in literature|1978]])
+
*''[[Kanadian Kultchur Komix]]'' featuring "Survivalwoman" in ''[[This Magazine]]'' under the pseudonym, Bart Gerrard 1975-1980
−
*''[[Anna's Pet]]'' ([[1980 in literature|1980]]) with Joyce C. Barkhouse
 
−
*''[[For the Birds (book)|For the Birds]]'' ([[1990 in literature|1990]]) (with [[Shelly Tanaka]])
 
−
*''[[Princess Prunella and the Purple Peanut]]'' ([[1995 in literature|1995]])
 
−
*''[[Rude Ramsay and the Roaring Radishes]]''
 
−
*''[[Bashful Bob and Doleful Dorinda]]'' ([[2006 in literature|2006]])
 
−
 
 
−
=== Non-fiction ===
 
−
*''[[Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature]]'' ([[1972 in literature|1972]])
 
−
*''[[Days of the Rebels 1815-1840]]'' ([[1977 in literature|1977]])
 
−
*''[[Second Words: Selected Critical Prose]]'' ([[1982 in literature|1982]])
 
−
*''[[Strange Things: The Malevolent North in Canadian Literature]]'' ([[1995 in literature|1995]])
 
−
*''[[Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing]]'' ([[2002 in literature|2002]])
 
−
*''[[Moving Targets: Writing with Intent, 1982-2004]]'' ([[2004 in literature|2004]])
 
−
*''[[Writing with Intent: Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose—1983-2005]]'' ([[2005 in literature|2005]])
 
−
 
 
−
=== Drawings ===
 
−
*''[[Kanadian Kultchur Komix]]'' featuring "Survivalwoman" in ''[[This Magazine]]'' under the pseudonym, Bart Gerrard 1975-1980
 
 
*Others appear on her website.
 
*Others appear on her website.
−
</div><br clear="all">
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{{col-end}}
  
−
== See also ==
+
Wheel-show (1978-1981) for ''Times Magazine''
−
*[[Canadian literature]]
 
−
*[[Canadian poetry]]
 
  
 
==Notes==
 
==Notes==
Line 163: Line 134:
 
*Rosenburg H. J. ''Margaret Atwood''. Boston: Twayne, 1984.
 
*Rosenburg H. J. ''Margaret Atwood''. Boston: Twayne, 1984.
 
*Sullivan, Rosemary. ''The Red Shoes: Margaret Atwood Starting Out''. Toronto: HarperFlamingoCanada, 1998. ISBN 0-00-255423-2
 
*Sullivan, Rosemary. ''The Red Shoes: Margaret Atwood Starting Out''. Toronto: HarperFlamingoCanada, 1998. ISBN 0-00-255423-2
 +
 +
== Awards ==
 +
*[http://www.fundacionprincipedeasturias.org/ing/01/noticia770.html 2008 Prince of Asturias Award for Letters]
 +
*[http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=53 Order of Canada Citation]
  
 
== External links ==
 
== External links ==
 
{{wikiquote}}
 
{{wikiquote}}
 
*[http://www.owtoad.com/ Margaret Atwood's home page]
 
*[http://www.owtoad.com/ Margaret Atwood's home page]
 +
*[http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0000390 Margaret Atwood's] entry in [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=HomePage&Params=A1 The Canadian Encyclopedia]
 
*{{isfdb name|id=Margaret_Atwood|name=Margaret Atwood}}
 
*{{isfdb name|id=Margaret_Atwood|name=Margaret Atwood}}
 
*{{contemporary writers|id=03C18N390512635243}}
 
*{{contemporary writers|id=03C18N390512635243}}
−
*{{iblist name|id=879|name=Margaret Atwood}}
 
−
*[http://www.thelavinagency.com/usa/margaretatwood.html# Margaret Atwood ]Speaker Profile at The Lavin Agency
 
 
*[http://www.mscd.edu/~atwoodso/ The Margaret Atwood Society home page]
 
*[http://www.mscd.edu/~atwoodso/ The Margaret Atwood Society home page]
 
*[http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/atwood/atwood.htm Luminarium Margaret Atwood] Research guides to novels and short stories
 
*[http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/atwood/atwood.htm Luminarium Margaret Atwood] Research guides to novels and short stories
 
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,943485,00.html Profile] from ''[[The Guardian]]''
 
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,6000,943485,00.html Profile] from ''[[The Guardian]]''
 +
*[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=252 Poems by Margaret Atwood at PoetryFoundation.org]
 +
*[http://archives.cbc.ca/dossier.asp?page=1&IDDossier=1494&IDCat=276&IDCatPa=153/ CBC Digital Archives - Margaret Atwood: Queen of CanLit]
 +
 +
===Interviews===
 +
*[http://www.pbs.org/moyers/faithandreason/portraits_atwood.html Margaret Atwood with Bill Moyers on ''Faith and Reason''], PBS
 +
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/atwoodm1.shtml Audio Interview from BBC4]
 +
*[http://www.nypl.org/research/chss/pep/pepdesc.cfm?id=2479 Thomas Cahill in conversation with Margaret Atwood] at LIVE from the New York Public Library, December 1, 2006.
 
*[http://www.salon.com/jan97/interview970120.html January 1997 Interview] with [[Salon.com]]
 
*[http://www.salon.com/jan97/interview970120.html January 1997 Interview] with [[Salon.com]]
 
*[http://www.canadianliving.com/life/community/interview_with_author_margaret_atwood.php June 2006 Interview] with [[CanadianLiving.com]]
 
*[http://www.canadianliving.com/life/community/interview_with_author_margaret_atwood.php June 2006 Interview] with [[CanadianLiving.com]]
−
*[http://www.unotchit.com/ Unotchit Inc. official website]
 
−
*[http://www.poetryfoundation.org/archive/poet.html?id=252 Poems by Margaret Atwood at PoetryFoundation.org]
 
−
*[http://www.neilgaiman.com/journal/2005/01/why-automatic-kissing-machines-are-bad.asp Commentary on Unotchit] from [[Neil Gaiman]]
 
−
*[http://nealpollack.com/archives/2005/01/index.html#a000211 Commentary on Unotchit] from [[Neal Pollack]]
 
 
*[http://wiredforbooks.org/margaretatwood/ 1986 interview with Margaret Atwood] by [[Don Swaim]] at [[Wired for Books]]
 
*[http://wiredforbooks.org/margaretatwood/ 1986 interview with Margaret Atwood] by [[Don Swaim]] at [[Wired for Books]]
−
*[http://books.guardian.co.uk/authors/author/0,5917,-11,00.html Guardian Books "Author Page"], with profile and links to further articles.
 
−
*[http://www.gg.ca/honours/search-recherche/honours-desc.asp?lang=e&TypeID=orc&id=53 Order of Canada Citation]
 
−
*[http://www.gadgetgrocer.com/content/view/22/2/ Margaret Atwood's LongPen invention] Atwood invents a device that allows her to sign books from anywhere in the world.
 
−
*[http://www.griffinpoetryprize.com Griffin Trust For Excellence In Poetry] Atwood is a founding trustee.
 
−
*[http://archives.cbc.ca/IDD-1-74-1494/people/margaret_atwood/ CBC Digital Archives - Margaret Atwood: Queen of CanLit]
 
−
*[http://bookishlove.net/?p=71 Reading report: Margaret Atwood at Barnes & Noble] from BookishLove.net (November 2006)
 
−
*[http://www.publishersweekly.com/article/CA6313134.html] Long Pen
 
−
*[http://www.webenglishteacher.com/atwood.html Lesson plans for ''The Handmaid's Tale'' and ''Cat's Eye''] at Web English Teacher
 
−
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbcfour/audiointerviews/profilepages/atwoodm1.shtml Audio Interview from BBC4]
 
−
*[http://www.cbc.ca/wordsatlarge/features/feature.php?storyId=206 Margaret Atwood discusses her book ''Moral Disorder'', online at CBC Words at Large (audio)]
 
−
*[http://www.cbc.ca/wordsatlarge/features/feature.php?storyId=421 Acceptance speech for The Blue Metropolis International Literary Grand Prix 2007, online at CBC Words at Large (audio)]
 
−
 
  
−
{{Scotiabank Giller Prize Winners}}
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{{Scotiabank Giller Prize winners}}
 
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
 
{{Man Booker Prize Winners}}
  
 
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|DATE OF BIRTH= [[November 18]], [[1939]]
 
 
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
 
|PLACE OF BIRTH= [[Ottawa]], [[Ontario]], [[Canada]]
 
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|DATE OF DEATH=
 
|PLACE OF DEATH=
 
|PLACE OF DEATH=
 
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[[Category:1939 births]]
 
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[[Category:Booker Prize winners]]
 
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[[Category:Canada's Walk of Fame]]
 
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[[Category:Canadian novelists]]
 
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[[Category:Companions of the Order of Canada]]
 
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[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada]]
 
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[[Category:Governor General's Award winning fiction writers]]
 
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[[Category:Governor General's Award winning poets]]
 
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[[Category:Harvard Centennial Medal recipients]]
 
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[[Category:People from Simcoe County, Ontario]]
 
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[[Category:University of Toronto alumni]]
 
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Revision as of 04:46, 26 November 2008

Margaret Atwood
220px
Margaret Atwood at a demonstration in 1988
Born November 18 1939 (1939-11-18) (age 84)
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
Occupation Novelist, Poet
Nationality Canadian
Writing period 1960s to present
Genres Romance, Historical fiction, Speculative fiction, Dystopian fiction
Notable work(s) The Handmaid's Tale, Cat's Eye, Alias Grace, The Blind Assassin, Oryx and Crake, Surfacing
Official website

Margaret Eleanor Atwood, CC (born November 18, 1939) is a Canadian writer. A prolific poet, novelist, literary critic, feminist and activist, she is a winner of the Arthur C. Clarke Award and Prince of Asturias award for Literature, has been shortlisted for the Booker Prize five times, winning once, and has been a finalist for the Governor General's Award seven times, winning twice. Atwood is among the most-honored authors of fiction in recent history.[1] While she is best known for her work as a novelist, her poetry is noteworthy.[2] Many of her poems have been inspired by myths, and fairy tales, which were an interest of hers from an early age.[citation needed] Atwood has also published short stories in Tamarack Review, Alphabet, Harper's, CBC Anthology, Ms., Saturday Night, Playboy, and many other magazines.

Life

Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Atwood is the second of three children of Carl Edmund Atwood, an entomologist, and Margaret Dorothy Killiam, a former dietitian and nutritionist.[3] Due to her father’s ongoing research in forest entomology, Atwood spent much of her childhood in the backwoods of Northern Quebec and back and forth between Ottawa, Sault Ste. Marie and Toronto. She did not attend school full-time until she was 11 years old. She became a voracious reader of literature, Dell pocketbook mysteries, Grimm's Fairy Tales, Canadian animal stories, and comic books. She attended Leaside High School in Leaside, Toronto and graduated in 1957.[3]

Atwood began writing at age six and realized she wanted to write professionally when she was 16. In 1957, she began studying at Victoria University in the University of Toronto. Her professors included Jay Macpherson and Northrop Frye. She graduated in 1961 with a Bachelor of Arts in English (honours) and minors in philosophy and French.[3]

In late 1961, after winning the E.J. Pratt Medal for her privately printed book of poems, Double Persephone, she began graduate studies at Harvard's Radcliffe College with a Woodrow Wilson fellowship. She obtained a master's degree (MA) from Radcliffe in 1962 and pursued further graduate studies at Harvard University for 2 years, but never finished because she never completed a dissertation on “The English Metaphysical Romance” in 1967. She has taught at the University of British Columbia (1965), Sir George Williams University in Montreal (1967-68), the University of Alberta (1969-79), York University in Toronto (1971-72), and New York University, where she was Berg Professor of English.

In 1968, Atwood married Jim Polk, whom she divorced in 1973. She formed a relationship with fellow novelist Graeme Gibson soon after and moved to Alliston, Ontario, north of Toronto. In 1976 their daughter, Eleanor Jess Atwood Gibson, was born. Atwood returned to Toronto in 1980. She divides her time between Toronto and Pelee Island, Ontario. [citation needed]

In March 2008 it was announced by Atwood, via television hookup between Toronto and Vancouver, that she had accepted her first chamber opera commission. 'Pauline' will be on the subject of Pauline Johnson, a writer and Canadian artist long a subject of fascination to Atwood. It will star Judith Forst, with music by Christos Hatzis, and be produced by City Opera of Vancouver. 'Pauline' will be set at Vancouver, British Columbia, in March 1913, in the last week in the life of Johnson.[citation needed]

Critical reception

The Economist called her a 'scintillating wordsmith' and an 'expert literary critic', but commented that her logic doesn't match her prose in Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth.[4]

Political involvement

Although Atwood's politics are commonly described as being left wing, she has indicated in interviews that she considers herself a Red Tory.[5] Atwood and her partner Graeme Gibson are currently members of the Green Party of Canada and strong supporters of GPC leader Elizabeth May, whom Atwood has referred to as fearless, honest, reliable and knowledgeable. In the 2008 federal election she attended a rally for the Bloc Québécois, a Quebec separatist party, because of her support for their position on the arts, and stated that she would vote for the party if she lived in Quebec.[6] In a Globe and Mail editorial, she urged Canadians to vote for any other party to stop a Conservative majority.[7]

Atwood has strong views on environmental issues,[8] such as suggesting that gas-powered leaf blowers and lawn mowers be banned, and has made her own home more energy efficient – including not having air-conditioning - by installing awnings and skylights that open. She and her partner also use a hybrid car when they are in the city.

During the debate in 1987 over a free trade agreement between Canada and the United States, Atwood came out against the deal. Her opposition included an essay she wrote opposing the agreement.[9]

Works

Novels

  • The Edible Woman (1969)
  • Surfacing (1972)
  • Lady Oracle (1976)
  • Life Before Man (1979, finalist for the Governor General's Award)
  • Bodily Harm (1981)
  • The Handmaid's Tale (1985, winner of the 1987 Arthur C. Clarke Award and 1985 Governor General's Award, finalist for the 1986 Booker Prize)
  • Cat's Eye (1988, finalist for the 1988 Governor General's Award and the 1989 Booker Prize)
  • The Robber Bride (1993, finalist for the 1994 Governor General's Award)
  • Alias Grace (1996, winner of the 1996 Giller Prize, finalist for the 1996 Booker Prize and the 1996 Governor General's Award)
  • The Blind Assassin (2000, winner of the 2000 Booker Prize and finalist for the 2000 Governor General's Award)
  • Oryx and Crake (2003, finalist for the 2003 Booker Prize and the 2003 Governor General's Award_)
  • The Penelopiad (2005, longlisted for the 2007 IMPAC Award)

Atwood is scheduled to publish a new novel in 2009. The book's title was initially reported in some media as God's Gardeners, although Atwood later confirmed that this was not the intended title.

Poetry collections

  • Double Persephone (1961)
  • The Circle Game (1964, winner of the 1966 Governor General's Award)
  • Expeditions (1965)
  • Speeches for Doctor Frankenstein (1966)
  • The Animals in That Country (1968)
  • The Journals of Susanna Moodie (1970)
  • Procedures for Underground (1970)
  • Power Politics (1971)
  • You Are Happy (1974)
  • Selected Poems (1976)
  • Two-Headed Poems (1978)
  • True Stories (1981)
  • Love songs of a Terminator (1983)
  • Interlunar (1984)
  • Morning in the Burned House (1996)
  • Eating Fire: Selected Poems, 1965-1995 (1998)
  • The Door (2007)

Short fiction collections

  • Dancing Girls (1977, winner of the St. Lawrence Award for Fiction and the award of The Periodical Distributors of Canada for Short Fiction)
  • Murder in the Dark (1983)
  • Bluebeard's Egg (1983)
  • Through the One-Way Mirror (1986)
  • Wilderness Tips (1991, finalist for the Governor General's Award)
  • Good Bones (1992)
  • Good Bones and Simple Murders (1994)
  • The Labrador Fiasco (1996)
  • The Tent (2006)
  • Moral Disorder (2006)

Anthologies edited

  • The New Oxford Book of Canadian Verse (1982)
  • The Canlit Foodbook (1987)
  • The Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English (1988)
  • The Best American Short Stories 1989 (1989) (with Shannon Ravenel)
  • The New Oxford Book of Canadian Short Stories in English (1995)

Children's books

  • Up in the Tree (1978)
  • Anna's Pet (1980) with Joyce C. Barkhouse
  • For the Birds (1990) (with Shelly Tanaka)
  • Princess Prunella and the Purple Peanut (1995)
  • Rude Ramsay and the Roaring Radishes (2003)
  • Bashful Bob and Doleful Dorinda (2006)

Non-fiction

  • Survival: A Thematic Guide to Canadian Literature (1972)
  • Days of the Rebels 1815-1840 (1977)
  • Second Words: Selected Critical Prose (1982)
  • Strange Things: The Malevolent North in Canadian Literature (1995)
  • Negotiating with the Dead: A Writer on Writing (2002)
  • Moving Targets: Writing with Intent, 1982-2004 (2004)
  • Writing with Intent: Essays, Reviews, Personal Prose—1983-2005 (2005)
  • Payback: Debt and the Shadow Side of Wealth (2008)

Drawings

  • Kanadian Kultchur Komix featuring "Survivalwoman" in This Magazine under the pseudonym, Bart Gerrard 1975-1980
  • Others appear on her website.

Wheel-show (1978-1981) for Times Magazine

Notes

  1. ↑ Honor roll:Fiction authors. Award Annals (2007-11-17).
  2. ↑ Holcombe, Garan. (2005). "Margaret Atwood". Contemporary Writers. London: British Arts Council. Retrieved on 2008-10-22.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 http://www.luminarium.org/contemporary/atwood/atwood.htm
  4. ↑ http://www.economist.com/books/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12414948
  5. ↑ "Margaret Atwood: The activist author of Alias Grace and The Handmaid's Tale discusses the politics of art and the art of the con", Mother Jones, July/August 1997.
  6. ↑ [1]
  7. ↑ Margaret, Atwood. Anything but a Harper majority. Globe and Mail. October. 6, 2008.
  8. ↑ Interview with author Margaret Atwood
  9. ↑ [2]

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  • Carrington de Papp, I. Margaret Atwood and Her Works. Toronto: EWC, 1985.
  • Cooke, N. Margaret Atwood: A Biography. Toronto: ECW, 1998.
  • Hengen, Shannon and Ashley Thomson. Margaret Atwood: A Reference Guide, 1988-2005. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 2007.
  • Howells, Coral Ann. Margaret Atwood. New York: St. Martin’s, 1996.
  • Howells, Coral Ann. The Cambridge Companion to Margaret Atwood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006. ISBN 0-521-54851-9
  • Rigney, B. Margaret Atwood. Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble, 1987.
  • Rosenburg H. J. Margaret Atwood. Boston: Twayne, 1984.
  • Sullivan, Rosemary. The Red Shoes: Margaret Atwood Starting Out. Toronto: HarperFlamingoCanada, 1998. ISBN 0-00-255423-2

Awards

External links

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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

Interviews

Scotiabank Giller Prize laureates
M.G. Vassanji (1994) · Rohinton Mistry (1995) · Margaret Atwood (1996) · Mordecai Richler (1997) · Alice Munro (1998) · Bonnie Burnard (1999) · Michael Ondaatje / David Adams Richards (2000) · Richard B. Wright (2001) · Austin Clarke (2002) · M.G. Vassanji (2003) · Alice Munro (2004) · David Bergen (2005) · Vincent Lam (2006) · Elizabeth Hay (2007) · Joseph Boyden (2008)
Man Booker Prize Winners for Fiction
1960–1969

P. H. Newby (1969)

1970–1979

Bernice Rubens (1970) • V. S. Naipaul (1971) • John Berger (1972) • James Gordon Farrell (1973) • Nadine Gordimer / Stanley Middleton (1974) • Ruth Prawer Jhabvala (1975) • David Storey (1976) • Paul Scott (1977) • Iris Murdoch (1978) • Penelope Fitzgerald (1979)

1980–1989

William Golding (1980) • Salman Rushdie (1981) • Thomas Keneally (1982) • John Maxwell Coetzee (1983) • Anita Brookner (1984) • Keri Hulme (1985) • Kingsley Amis (1986) • Penelope Lively (1987) • Peter Carey (1988) • Kazuo Ishiguro (1989)

1990–1999

A. S. Byatt (1990) • Ben Okri (1991) • Michael Ondaatje / Barry Unsworth (1992) • Roddy Doyle (1993) • James Kelman (1994) • Pat Barker (1995) • Graham Swift (1996) • Arundhati Roy (1997) • Ian McEwan (1998) • John Maxwell Coetzee (1999)

2000–2010

Margaret Atwood (2000) • Peter Carey (2001) • Yann Martel (2002) • DBC Pierre (2003) • Alan Hollinghurst (2004) • John Banville (2005) • Kiran Desai (2006) • Anne Enright (2007) • Aravind Adiga (2008) • Hilary Mantel (2009) • Howard Jacobson (2010)

2011–2020

Julian Barnes (2011) • Hilary Mantel (2012) • Eleanor Catton (2013) • Richard Flanagan (2014) • Marlon James (2015) • Paul Beatty (2016) • George Saunders (2017) • Anna Burns (2018) • Margaret Atwood and Bernardine Evaristo (2019)


Persondata
NAME Atwood, Margaret Eleanor
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTION Canadian
DATE OF BIRTH
PLACE OF BIRTH Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH

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