Search results for "Philosophy of logic" - New World Encyclopedia
From New World Encyclopedia
- Formal logic is logic that deals with the form or logical structure ... *Quine, Willard Van Orman. Philosophy of Logic. Englewood Cliffs, ...7 KB (926 words) - 06:33, 1 April 2024
- that attempts to reduce diverse forms of knowledge including concepts ... psychologism on the ground that principles of logic are universally true ...7 KB (1,004 words) - 23:31, 2 December 2022
- Mathematical logic is best understood as a branch of logic or mathematics ... One unifying theme in mathematical logic is the study of the expressive ...11 KB (1,513 words) - 16:50, 7 November 2022
- Modus Ponens and Modus Tollens are forms of valid inferences. By Modus ... affirms; often abbreviated as MP) is a form of valid inference. An instance ...6 KB (1,057 words) - 19:28, 9 November 2022
- In logic and mathematics, together with the allied branches of computer ... *Quine, W.V.O. Philosophy of Logic: 2nd Edition. Harvard University ...5 KB (794 words) - 06:34, 1 April 2024
- and distinguish between two different kinds of meanings or extensions of a ... ==The meaning of denotation and connotation== *In media-studies terminology ...7 KB (986 words) - 09:46, 29 January 2024
- about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic, Stephen Read writes ... about Logic: An Introduction to the Philosophy of Logic. Oxford: Oxford University ...13 KB (1,904 words) - 00:23, 2 December 2022
- yield a falsehood. By extension, outside of logic, contradictions are also ... Pointing to this principle in applied logic, Aristotle’s law of ...10 KB (1,641 words) - 02:48, 8 January 2024
- an important twentieth-century philosopher of science. Born in Prague, he ... The Structure of Science (1961), an examination of the logical structure ...9 KB (1,352 words) - 19:32, 13 February 2024
- A modal logic was originally designed to describe the logical relations ... The languages of modal logics usually extend preexisting logics, e ...14 KB (2,164 words) - 19:24, 9 November 2022
- correctly categorical syllogism, is a kind of logical argument in which one ... A syllogism consists of three parts—a major premise, a minor premise ...9 KB (1,397 words) - 01:55, 27 February 2023
- "occasionalism," an interpretation of Cartesian mind-body dualism ... Geulincx served as professor at the University of Leuven, Belgium ...8 KB (1,216 words) - 03:53, 15 August 2023
- A Tautology is a statement that is always true because of its structure—it ... In mathematics, ‘A = A’ is a tautology. In formal two-valued logic ...9 KB (1,481 words) - 16:04, 23 June 2023
- Metalogic is a study of formal languages of logic from both syntactic ... ==Formal Languages of Logic== Formal languages are artificial languages ...14 KB (2,296 words) - 16:20, 9 November 2022
- concept in Aristotelian or traditional logic (also sometimes called syllogistic ... Logic is the study of correct, or valid inferences. Aristotle’s ...12 KB (1,791 words) - 18:00, 30 November 2023
- Bridge of Asses or Pons Asinorum (Latin for "Bridge of Asses ... The term “Bridge of Asses” first came into use during the Middle ...8 KB (1,319 words) - 23:03, 20 November 2023
- An argument is an attempt to demonstrate the truth of an assertion ... The conclusion of this argument is “the next flip will probably ...9 KB (1,514 words) - 06:26, 12 August 2023
- to the impossible," is a form of argument where one provisionally ... The so-called 'early' dialogues of the Greek philosopher Plato ...7 KB (1,079 words) - 02:58, 8 December 2022
- In philosophy the notion of categories derives from Aristotle’s (384-322 B.C.E.) logic and ontology. In logic the categories are understood ...7 KB (987 words) - 18:01, 30 November 2023
- In philosophy and logic, the liar paradox encompasses paradoxical ... his words to be understood as a kind of liar paradox. They were probably ...11 KB (1,725 words) - 22:25, 25 October 2022
- Fuzzy logic, when construed in a wider sense, is the theory of fuzzy ... When construed in a narrower sense, fuzzy logic is an extension of ...15 KB (2,285 words) - 07:24, 15 April 2024
- and economist. Best known as the father of the influential economist John ... Religious Test Acts from the universities of Cambridge and Oxford. After ...9 KB (1,331 words) - 07:01, 3 August 2022
- a specified statement follows from a set of assumed statements. The specified ... the conclusion is a necessary consequence of the set of premises, i.e. the ...9 KB (1,489 words) - 23:56, 1 December 2022
- Abduction, or inference to the best explanation, is a method of reasoning ... Peirce formulated abduction as a method of scientific research and introduced ...14 KB (2,177 words) - 04:43, 14 June 2023
- In traditional Aristotelian logic, deduction or deductive reasoning ... they are false deductions. Examples of such false or invalid deductive ...16 KB (2,607 words) - 09:05, 28 January 2024
- The Verifiability theory of meaning was put forth in the early twentieth ... Adherents of the verifiability principle claimed that all statements ...8 KB (1,167 words) - 18:01, 3 May 2023
- proportions, principle, standard, or logic, among other things. In religious ... such as Dao (Tao), the Vedic notion of rta, and the Hindu and Buddhist ...11 KB (1,664 words) - 21:00, 3 November 2022
- : Another John Venn was Vice-Chancellor of Oxford University 1686–1687. ... fields, including set theory, probability, logic, statistics, and computer science. ...11 KB (1,662 words) - 08:01, 3 August 2022
- philosopher. See also Chrysippus (mythology) of Greek mythology Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280 B.C.E. - c. 207 B.C.E.) is considered to ...9 KB (1,399 words) - 21:54, 10 December 2023
- Principle in philosophy and mathematics means a fundamental law or ... others, while laws and rules can. Greek philosophy began as the quest for ...9 KB (1,192 words) - 22:57, 30 November 2022
- and also neo-positivism) is a philosophy that combines positivism ... statements (everyone agreed on the existence of analytic a priori and synthetic ...13 KB (1,922 words) - 21:00, 3 November 2022
- symptomatic, from sema, sign) is a theory of the aspects of meanings of ... There are various kinds of studies in semantics in various fields ...13 KB (1,868 words) - 17:49, 25 January 2023
- ) was a polymath and a Christian philosopher of the sixth century who was instrumental ... Rome around 480 C.E. to the patrician family of Anicii, who had been Christians ...11 KB (1,637 words) - 06:07, 28 July 2023
- Reason, in philosophy, is the ability to form and operate upon concepts ... other related concepts such as: language, logic, consciousness, knowledge ...15 KB (2,212 words) - 01:41, 8 December 2022
- Neo-Hegelianism refers to several schools of thought associated with ... name is also applied to other philosophers of that period who took their ...8 KB (1,042 words) - 16:16, 11 November 2022
- is the proposal about the notion of computability, called the Church ... Other relevant contributions by Church are the proofs of the undecidablility ...10 KB (1,376 words) - 08:20, 23 July 2023
- Inference is the act or process of deriving a conclusion based on ... is traditionally studied within the field of cognitive psychology. ...20 KB (3,113 words) - 22:38, 5 February 2023
- Part of the foundation of mathematics, Russell's paradox (also ... Consider the set R of all sets that do not contain themselves as members ...14 KB (2,342 words) - 18:15, 22 December 2022
- In linguistics, logic, and mathematics etc., quantification is the ... The notion of quantification in the context of linguistics, logic ...14 KB (2,119 words) - 04:04, 7 December 2022
- He helped found both modern mathematical logic and analytic philosophy. ... Frege began his studies at the University of Jena in 1869, moving to Göttingen ...16 KB (2,250 words) - 20:22, 11 September 2021
- who was a leading influence in analytic philosophy in the middle of the twentieth ... where he developed an interest in the philosophy of mathematics. Russell ...9 KB (1,265 words) - 00:54, 9 November 2022
- and educationalist who advanced the study of psychology with his work on ... For 20 years Bain was professor of logic and English literature at ...14 KB (2,073 words) - 05:12, 17 June 2023
- The Megarian School of philosophy was founded c. 400 B.C.E. by Euclides ... Two disciples of Euclides— Eubulides and Alexinus—developed the ...10 KB (1,527 words) - 04:09, 9 November 2022
- An analytic proposition is one whose truth depends on relations of ... At the beginning of his Critique of Pure Reason, following the distinction ...9 KB (1,371 words) - 18:57, 26 July 2023
- anthropologist. He is famous for his study of primitive mentality and his ... suggested that human beings use two kind of thinking: “mystical thinking” ...11 KB (1,515 words) - 02:25, 5 November 2022
- In logic, two sentences (either in a formal language or a natural ... Mathematical logic is a mathematical representation of formal rules ...27 KB (3,934 words) - 20:59, 3 November 2022
- order, or arrangement.") is the study of the rules, or "patterned ... The combinatory behavior of words is governed to a first approximation ...11 KB (1,479 words) - 01:58, 27 February 2023
- to moral philosophy and the philosophy of logic were probably more ... to moral philosophy and the philosophy of logic were far more influential ...14 KB (2,066 words) - 00:02, 25 March 2024
- an English philosopher, and a leading member of the group of twentieth century ... Finchley, North London, by his parents, both of whom were teachers. He was ...11 KB (1,580 words) - 01:34, 24 November 2022
- William of Ockham (also Occam or any of several other spellings) ... While the use of Ockham's Razor in the later development of philosophy ...11 KB (1,517 words) - 15:21, 14 May 2023
- ) was a Neoplatonist philosopher, a student of Plotinus and the editor of ... Most of the known details of the personal life of Porphyry are found ...10 KB (1,415 words) - 05:40, 30 November 2022
- Venn diagrams are schematic diagrams used in logic and in the branch ... The British philosopher, mathematician, and professor of logic, John ...10 KB (1,551 words) - 17:01, 3 May 2023
- that represents the logical structure of truth-functional connectives ... The truth-values, truth or falsity, of the sentences in this argument ...21 KB (3,138 words) - 00:23, 2 December 2022
- Diodorus Cronus (fourth century, B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher of ... will be true.” He also raised the paradox of future contingency with his ...17 KB (2,681 words) - 15:24, 29 January 2024
- In logic, a theorem is formally meant to be a formula that can be ... In general, the proofs of theorems have two components: a set of premises ...16 KB (2,524 words) - 18:26, 30 April 2023
- and logician. His logical analysis of mathematical problems made ... family in Prague, which was then part of the Austrian Empire. His father ...15 KB (2,299 words) - 11:18, 28 September 2023
- theological writer, and Anglican archbishop of Dublin (1831–1863). Whately’s ... to hold public office, and state endowment of the Roman Catholic clergy. ...13 KB (2,059 words) - 01:50, 14 December 2022
- Nyaya (Sanskrit meaning "rational argument") is one of the six orthodox (astika) schools of Hindu philosophy that focuses on logic ...14 KB (2,126 words) - 01:23, 17 November 2022
- Parmenides of Elea (c. 515 – 450 b.c.e.) was a Greek pre-Socratic ... Earlier pre-Socratic philosophers identified the ultimate principle ...11 KB (1,608 words) - 08:52, 18 November 2022
- modernizing Italy by introducing the ideas of Locke, Leibniz, and Hume and ... In 1753 Genovesi was appointed to the first European chair of “commerce ...9 KB (1,233 words) - 05:40, 11 August 2023
- by many philosophers and observers of philosophy to have been one ... is that there exists an infinite number of concrete and causally isolated ...14 KB (2,162 words) - 19:54, 23 August 2020
- A fallacy is an error in an argument. There are two main kinds of ... Refutations, there have been many systems of classifying fallacies. In this ...14 KB (2,254 words) - 00:35, 25 March 2024
- Galen (Greek: Γαληνός, Latin: Claudius Galenus of Pergamum; ... Galen's experimental methods foreshadowed later developments ...12 KB (1,806 words) - 03:50, 18 April 2024
- Logic, from Classical Greek λόγος (logos), originally meaning ... Traditionally, logic is studied as a branch of philosophy. Since the ...31 KB (4,895 words) - 20:58, 3 November 2022
- known for being an outspoken critic of the Aristotelian philosophy ... made to memorize meaningless facts and rules of logic, and set out to reform ...18 KB (2,695 words) - 02:53, 24 November 2022
- [which] belongs to the school) was a method of learning taught by the academics ... It combined religious doctrine, study of the ideas of the Church fathers ...14 KB (1,990 words) - 17:20, 25 January 2023
- Greek philospher and a favorite student of Aristotle, who appointed him ... Theophrastus was wrote a great number of books on a wide variety of ...10 KB (1,514 words) - 18:21, 30 April 2023
- The term “monad” was used by the Pythagoreans as the name of the ... The term "monad," however, is best known as a concept of ...11 KB (1,598 words) - 19:53, 9 November 2022
- The principle of sufficient reason is the principle which is presupposed ... The principle has a variety of expressions, all of which are perhaps ...13 KB (1,981 words) - 21:33, 26 February 2023
- Positivism is a family of philosophical views characterized by a highly ... As Niccola Abbagnano has put it: The characteristic theses of positivism ...11 KB (1,561 words) - 05:45, 30 November 2022
- In philosophy, essence is the attribute (or set of attributes) that ... makes the thing be what it is. The essence of a thing or substance is able ...7 KB (1,146 words) - 21:31, 20 March 2024
- Nicholas or Nicolaus of Autrecourt (in French: Nicholas d'Autrécourt ... false teachings on the allegation that 66 of his propositions, culled from ...10 KB (1,617 words) - 23:32, 14 November 2022
- :Note: Zeno of Citium should not be confused with Zeno of Elea. ... Zeno of Citium (The Stoic) (sometime called Zeno Apathea) (333 – ...9 KB (1,466 words) - 05:48, 13 June 2023
- term designated a profession in or a group of teachers of rhetoric. Rhetoricians ... Socrates and Plato challenged sophist ideas of replacing rhetorical ...11 KB (1,583 words) - 01:17, 4 February 2023
- Ontology is a major branch of philosophy and a central part of metaphysics ... The conceptual division of this branch of philosophy was established ...15 KB (2,218 words) - 00:43, 18 November 2022
- was important for reintroducing the study of Chinese philosophy, regarded ... Born in 1895, Feng lived through a period of turmoil and transition ...13 KB (1,980 words) - 17:18, 26 March 2024
- and conversations, over an important circle of academics in Cambridge, Massachusetts ... After reading Darwin's Origin of Species (published in 1859) ...12 KB (1,761 words) - 00:45, 5 December 2023
- this sense can be known before one knows any of these other propostions. Not ... In logic and mathematics, an axiom is not necessarily a self-evident ...16 KB (2,424 words) - 07:20, 23 August 2023
- In mathematics and set theory, an axiomatic system is any set of specified ... A system will be called independent if each of its underlying axioms is independent ...10 KB (1,582 words) - 07:21, 23 August 2023
- and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy ... Bosanquet’s major works include A History of Aesthetic (1892), The ...16 KB (2,361 words) - 11:19, 28 September 2023
- 1945) was a prominent Japanese philosopher of the Meiji era. Nishida Kitaro ... Nishida Kitaro was born on June 17, 1870, in the Mori section of Unoke ...15 KB (2,299 words) - 05:02, 15 November 2022
- a philosopher and a founding representative of the Oxford-based British ordinary ... with extra interests in astronomy and philosophy who as a young man "had ...18 KB (2,734 words) - 07:53, 14 December 2022
- First Cause is term introduced by Aristotle and used in philosophy ... the "Prime Mover" that is a deity of "pure form" without ...8 KB (1,282 words) - 19:54, 26 March 2024
- has major implications for the foundations of mathematics. His best know ... then studied mathematics, physics, and philosophy at the Universities of ...13 KB (2,116 words) - 21:23, 20 March 2024
- entity that transcends the vicissitudes of time and so can be applied ... ==Problem of Universals== Throughout the history of philosophy, and ...9 KB (1,457 words) - 12:01, 3 May 2023
- is commonly understood to be an integration of two or more pre-existing elements ... Synthesis as a resolution of conflicts is often achieved by conscious ...11 KB (1,635 words) - 01:58, 27 February 2023
- Lifeworld (German: Lebenswelt) is a concept used in philosophy and ... is, the correlation between the functions of mind ("noesis") such ...11 KB (1,588 words) - 22:49, 25 October 2022
- He was the leading Aristotelian scholar of the Alexandrist group. His ... Pomponazzi also radically criticized what are generally thought of ...11 KB (1,608 words) - 05:29, 24 November 2022
- Pierre Nicole (1625 - November 16, 1695) was one of the most distinguished ... who based their ideas on the teachings of Augustine of Hippo, he believed ...10 KB (1,535 words) - 05:25, 24 November 2022
- involves uncertainty, distrust, or lack of sureness of an alleged fact ... Human beings generally live with beliefs in various degrees of certainty ...15 KB (2,113 words) - 17:30, 30 January 2024
- the Western world by the Latinized version of his name, Alkindus) was known ... consistently tried to demonstrate that philosophy is compatible with orthodox ...12 KB (1,748 words) - 04:13, 17 June 2023
- is a yes-or-no question on specified sets of inputs. For example, the problem ... A decision procedure (or decision algorithm) of a given decision problem ...10 KB (1,556 words) - 09:02, 28 January 2024
- and a leading philosopher and psychologist of the French Enlightenment. He ... 30, 1715, at Grenoble, France to a family of lawyers. Like his elder brother ...14 KB (2,137 words) - 04:37, 22 March 2024
- ) of Chalcedon (396 – 314 B.C.E.) was a Greek philosopher and third ... In his biography of Xenocrates, Diogenes Laertius recounts several ...12 KB (1,827 words) - 14:16, 20 May 2023
- before being appointed as Wykeham professor of logic at New College, Oxford ... His earliest book, Perception (1932), rejected causal theories of ...10 KB (1,458 words) - 17:46, 29 July 2023
- he acquired a reputation in his day as one of the greatest philosophical ... Though he was first known for his critique of it, Arnauld was an adamant ...12 KB (1,896 words) - 06:41, 31 July 2023
- Jewish works refer to him by the acronym of his title and name, RaMBaM ... Maimonides is typically regarded as the greatest of the medieval Jewish ...14 KB (2,001 words) - 05:30, 5 November 2022
- , based on a strict deconstruction of the term, refers to what people ... took common sense as the source and ground of justification for philosophical ...13 KB (2,021 words) - 04:14, 24 November 2022
- 8, 1746) was an Irish philosopher and one of the founding fathers of the ... Hutcheson is thought to have been born at Drumalig, in the parish ...14 KB (2,173 words) - 04:50, 9 April 2024
- Analytic philosophy has been the dominant academic philosophical movement ... The main founders of analytic philosophy were the Cambridge philosophers ...27 KB (4,040 words) - 18:56, 26 July 2023
