Difference between revisions of "Harbor" - New World Encyclopedia
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Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. | Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports. | ||
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Harbors and [[port]]s are often confused. A port is a man-made [[coast]]al or riverine facility where [[boat]]s and [[ship]]s can load and unload passengers and cargo. It may consist of [[quay]]s, [[wharf]]s, [[jetty|jetties]], [[pier]]s and [[slipway]]s with [[crane (machine)|cranes]] or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for the storage of goods and a [[transport]] system, such as [[railway]], [[road transport]] or [[pipeline transport]] facilities for relaying goods inland. | Harbors and [[port]]s are often confused. A port is a man-made [[coast]]al or riverine facility where [[boat]]s and [[ship]]s can load and unload passengers and cargo. It may consist of [[quay]]s, [[wharf]]s, [[jetty|jetties]], [[pier]]s and [[slipway]]s with [[crane (machine)|cranes]] or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for the storage of goods and a [[transport]] system, such as [[railway]], [[road transport]] or [[pipeline transport]] facilities for relaying goods inland. | ||
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| + | The largest artificially created harbor is in [[Rotterdam]], [[The Netherlands]]. | ||
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| + | The busiest harbor is the twin [[Port of Los Angeles]] and [[Port of Long Beach]] in southern [[California]] in the [[United States]]. | ||
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==Natural harbors== | ==Natural harbors== | ||
[[Image:930218630 a6a5d892d0 o.jpg|thumb|A natural harbor in [[Vizhinjam]], [[India]].]] | [[Image:930218630 a6a5d892d0 o.jpg|thumb|A natural harbor in [[Vizhinjam]], [[India]].]] | ||
| − | A natural harbor is a [[landform]] where a part of a [[body of water]] is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great [[Military strategy|strategic]] and [[economic]] importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a protected | + | A natural harbor is a [[landform]] where a part of a [[body of water]] is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great [[Military strategy|strategic]] and [[economic]] importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a protected harbor reduces or eliminates the use of breakwaters as it will result in calmer waves inside the harbor. |
==Ice-free harbors== | ==Ice-free harbors== | ||
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==Temporary harbors== | ==Temporary harbors== | ||
| − | [[Image:St. John's, NFLD harbour.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]] harbour, | + | [[Image:St. John's, NFLD harbour.jpg|thumb|right|[[St. John's, Newfoundland|St. John's]] harbour in Newfoundland, Canada.]] |
| − | Sometimes a harbor is needed where one | + | Sometimes, a harbor is needed where one is not available because of damage, as in times of war. In such a case, a temporary harbor may be built and transported in segments to the location. The most notable of these were the two [[Mulberry harbour]]s used during the [[Operation Overlord|D-Day]] invasion of [[Normandy]] in [[World War II]]. |
==Notable harbors== | ==Notable harbors== | ||
| − | [[Image:harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right| | + | [[Image:harbour.clovelly.arp.750pix.jpg|thumb|right|A tiny harbour at the village of [[Clovelly]] in [[Devon]], [[England]].]] |
The following are large natural harbors: | The following are large natural harbors: | ||
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*[[Wellington Harbour]], [[New Zealand]] | *[[Wellington Harbour]], [[New Zealand]] | ||
*[[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles|Willemstad]], [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]] | *[[Willemstad, Netherlands Antilles|Willemstad]], [[Curaçao]], [[Netherlands Antilles]] | ||
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Other notable harbors include: | Other notable harbors include: | ||
Revision as of 16:08, 15 September 2008
A harbor (harbour in British English) or haven is a place where ships may receive shelter from the weather or may be stored. Harbors can be man-made or natural. A man-made harbor usually has sea walls or breakwaters and may require dredging. A natural harbor is surrounded on most sides by land.
Artificial harbors are frequently built for use as ports.
Harbors and ports are often confused. A port is a man-made coastal or riverine facility where boats and ships can load and unload passengers and cargo. It may consist of quays, wharfs, jetties, piers and slipways with cranes or ramps. A port may have magazine buildings or warehouses for the storage of goods and a transport system, such as railway, road transport or pipeline transport facilities for relaying goods inland.
The largest artificially created harbor is in Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
The busiest harbor is the twin Port of Los Angeles and Port of Long Beach in southern California in the United States.
Natural harbors
A natural harbor is a landform where a part of a body of water is protected and deep enough to furnish anchorage. Natural harbors have long been of great strategic and economic importance. Many of the great cities of the world are located on a natural harbor. Having a protected harbor reduces or eliminates the use of breakwaters as it will result in calmer waves inside the harbor.
Ice-free harbors
For harbors near the poles, being ice-free is an important advantage, ideally all-year round. Examples are Murmansk (Russia), Petsamo (Russia, formerly Finland), Hammerfest, Vardø, and Prince Rupert (Canada). The southern-most harbor, at Antarctica's Winter Quarters Bay (77°50′S), presents a potentially ice-free harbor, dependent on summer pack ice conditions.[1]
Temporary harbors
Sometimes, a harbor is needed where one is not available because of damage, as in times of war. In such a case, a temporary harbor may be built and transported in segments to the location. The most notable of these were the two Mulberry harbours used during the D-Day invasion of Normandy in World War II.
Notable harbors
The following are large natural harbors:
- Baltimore's Inner Harbor, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
- Boston Harbor, United States
- Charleston, United States
- Cork Harbour, Republic of Ireland
- Durban, South Africa
- Falmouth, Cornwall, England
- Freetown Harbour, Sierra Leone
- Gothenburg, Sweden
- Grand Harbour, Malta
- Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia Canada
- Kingston, Jamaica
- Kochi, India
- Manila Bay, Philippines
- Milford Haven, Wales
- Montevideo, Uruguay
- Mumbai, India
- New York Harbor, United States
- Oslofjord, Norway
- Pearl Harbor, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Plymouth Sound, Devon, England
- Poole Harbour, Dorset, England
- Port Jackson, Australia
- Port Phillip, Victoria, Australia
- Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara Bay, Brazil
- Salvador, Brazil
- San Diego Bay, San Diego, California
- San Francisco Bay, United States
- Tokyo Bay, Tokyo, Japan
- Trincomalee, Sri Lanka
- Vancouver, Canada
- Wellington Harbour, New Zealand
- Willemstad, Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles
Other notable harbors include:
- Belém, Brazil
- Hamburg Harbour, Germany
- Hampton Roads, Virginia, United States
- Kahului, Hawaii
- Kaipara Harbour, New Zealand
- Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Keelung, Taiwan
- Keppel Harbour, Singapore
- Manukau Harbour, Auckland, New Zealand
- New Haven Harbor, United States
- Port of Antwerp, Flanders, Belgium
- Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge, Flanders, Belgium
- Portland Harbour, Dorset, England
- Trondheim, Norway
- Victoria Harbour Hong Kong, People's Republic of China (see also List of harbours in Hong Kong)
See also
Notes
- ↑ U.S. Polar Programs. National Science Foundation. (FY 2000). Retrieved September 14, 2008.
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Dunham, James W., and Arnold A. Finn. 2002. Small-Craft Harbors: Design, Construction, and Operation. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Fredonia Books. ISBN 1589639650.
- Keith, Robert C. 1991. Baltimore Harbor: A Picture History. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0801842042.
- Roland, Alex, W. Jeffrey Bolster, and Alexander Keyssar. 2008. The Way of the Ship: America's Maritime History Reenvisioned, 1600-2000. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0470136003.
- Whiteneck, Lawrence L., and Lester A. Hockney. 1989. Structural Materials for Harbor and Coastal Construction. New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0070681538.
External links
- Ports of United States of America. PortFocus. Retrieved September 15, 2008.
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