Difference between revisions of "United Nations Trusteeship Council" - New World Encyclopedia
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* Baehr, P. R., Leon Gordenker, and P. R. Baehr. 2005. ''The United Nations: reality and ideal.'' Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403949042 | * Baehr, P. R., Leon Gordenker, and P. R. Baehr. 2005. ''The United Nations: reality and ideal.'' Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403949042 | ||
* Brown, Judith M., and William Roger Louis. 1999. ''The Twentieth century. The Oxford history of the British Empire, vol. 4.'' Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198205647 | * Brown, Judith M., and William Roger Louis. 1999. ''The Twentieth century. The Oxford history of the British Empire, vol. 4.'' Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198205647 | ||
| + | * Louis, William Roger. 2006. ''Ends of British imperialism: the scramble for empire, Suez and decolonization : collected essays.'' London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845113094 | ||
* Mohamed, S. 2005. "From Keeping Peace to Building Peace: A Proposal for a Revitalized United Nations Trusteeship Council". COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW. 105 (3): 809-840. ISSN 0010-1958 | * Mohamed, S. 2005. "From Keeping Peace to Building Peace: A Proposal for a Revitalized United Nations Trusteeship Council". COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW. 105 (3): 809-840. ISSN 0010-1958 | ||
* Philpott, Daniel. 2001. ''Revolutions in sovereignty: how ideas shaped modern international relations. Princeton studies in international history and politics.'' Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691057460 | * Philpott, Daniel. 2001. ''Revolutions in sovereignty: how ideas shaped modern international relations. Princeton studies in international history and politics.'' Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691057460 | ||
Revision as of 17:54, 19 December 2008
The United Nations Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. The trust territories – most of them former mandates of the League of Nations or territories taken from nations defeated at the end of World War II – have all now attained self-government or independence, either as separate nations or by joining neighbouring independent countries. The last was Palau, which became a member state of the United Nations in December 1994.
History
The Trusteeship Council was formed in 1945 to oversee the decolonization of those dependent territories that were to be placed under the international trusteeship system created by the United Nations Charter as a successor to the League of Nations mandate system. Ultimately, eleven territories were placed under trusteeship: seven in Africa and four in Oceania. Ten of the trust territories had previously been League of Nations mandates; the eleventh was Italian Somaliland.
Under the Charter, the Trusteeship Council was to consist of an equal number of United Nations Member States administering trust territories and non-administering states. Thus, the Council was to consist of (1) all U.N. members administering trust territories, (2) the five permanent members of the Security Council, and (3) as many other non-administering members as needed to equalize the number of administering and non-administering members, elected by the United Nations General Assembly for renewable three-year terms. Over time, as trust territories attained independence, the size and workload of the Trusteeship Council was reduced and ultimately came to include only the five permanent Security Council members (China, France, the Soviet Union/Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States).
With the independence of Palau, formerly part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, in 1994, there presently are no trust territories, leaving the Trusteeship Council without responsibilities. (Since the Northern Mariana Islands was a part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and became a commonwealth of the USA in 1986, it is technically the only area to have not joined as a part of another state or gained full independence as a sovereign nation.)
The Trusteeship Council was not assigned responsibility for colonial territories outside the trusteeship system, although the Charter did establish the principle that member states were to administer such territories in conformity with the best interests of their inhabitants. In 1960, the UN General Assembly adopted the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. This stated that all people have a right to self-determination and proclaimed that colonialism should be speedily and unconditionally brought to an end.[1]
Present status
Its mission fulfilled, the Trusteeship Council suspended its operation on 1 November 1994, and although under the United Nations Charter it continues to exist on paper, its future role and even existence remains uncertain. The Trusteeship Council is currently (as of 2005) headed by Michel Duclos, with Adam Thomson as vice-president [2], although the sole current duty of these officers is to meet with the heads of other UN agencies on occasion. Initially they met annually, but according to a UN press release from their session in 2004:
The Council amended its rules of procedure to drop the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as the occasion required. It now meets by its own decision, the decision of its President, at a request from a majority of its members, or at a request from the General Assembly or Security Council.
Future prospects
The formal elimination of the Trusteeship Council would require the revision of the UN Charter, which is why it hasn't been pursued. Amendment has to be passed by two thirds of the General Assembly of the United Nations and also by two-thirds of the total UN membership at national level.
he Commission on Global Governance's 1994 report recommends an expansion of the trusteeship council[citation needed]. Their theory is that an international regulatory body is needed to protect environmental integrity on the two-thirds of the world’s surface that is outside national jurisdictions [3].
In March 2005, however, UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan proposed a sweeping reform of the United Nations, including an expansion of the Security Council. As this restructuring would involve significant changes to the UN charter, Annan proposed the complete elimination of the Trusteeship Council as part of these reforms [4].
See also
- United Nations Trust Territories
- United Nations Charter
- United Nations System
- UN General Assembly
- UN Security Council
- UN Secretariat
- International Court of Justice
- United Nations Interpretation Service
Notes
- ↑ Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights , Geneva. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
- ↑ Trusteeship Council elects President, Vice-President; Adopts agenda for 64th session, United Nations Press Release TR/2426, 20 October 2004
- ↑ Shaw, John: UN Adviser Says World Must Focus On Sustainable Development, The Washington Diplomat
- ↑ Main points of Annan's new UN reform plans, Reuters, 20 March 2005
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Baehr, P. R., Leon Gordenker, and P. R. Baehr. 2005. The United Nations: reality and ideal. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 9781403949042
- Brown, Judith M., and William Roger Louis. 1999. The Twentieth century. The Oxford history of the British Empire, vol. 4. Oxford [England]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198205647
- Louis, William Roger. 2006. Ends of British imperialism: the scramble for empire, Suez and decolonization : collected essays. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781845113094
- Mohamed, S. 2005. "From Keeping Peace to Building Peace: A Proposal for a Revitalized United Nations Trusteeship Council". COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW. 105 (3): 809-840. ISSN 0010-1958
- Philpott, Daniel. 2001. Revolutions in sovereignty: how ideas shaped modern international relations. Princeton studies in international history and politics. Princeton N.J.: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691057460
- Sears, Mason. 1980. Years of high purpose: from trusteeship to nationhood. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America. ISBN 9780819110534
- Smith, Roy H. 1997. The Nuclear Free and Independent Pacific Movement : after Moruroa. London: Tauris Academic Studies. ISBN 9781860641015
- Talbott, Strobe. 2008. The great experiment: the story of ancient empires, modern states, and the quest for a global nation. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 9780743294089
- Taylor, Paul Graham, and A. J. R. Groom. 2000. The United Nations at the millennium: the principal organs. London: Continuum. ISBN 9780826447784
- United Nations. 1995. Rules of procedure of the Trusteeship Council (as amended up to and during its sixty-first session). New York: United Nations. ISBN 9789211005936
- Whittaker, David J. 1997. United Nations in the contemporary world. The making of the contemporary world. London: Routledge. ISBN 9780415153171
External links
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