Difference between revisions of "Patsy Cline" - New World Encyclopedia
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[[Image:Patsy Cline-Performing.jpg|thumb|250px|Patsy Cline]] | [[Image:Patsy Cline-Performing.jpg|thumb|250px|Patsy Cline]] | ||
| − | '''Patsy Cline''' (born '''Virginia Patterson Hensley''' [[September 8]], [[1932]] – [[March 5]], [[1963]]) was a [[country music]] singer who enjoyed [[pop music]] cross-over success during the era of the [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] Sound in the early 1960s. She | + | '''Patsy Cline''' (born '''Virginia Patterson Hensley''' [[September 8]], [[1932]] – [[March 5]], [[1963]]) was a [[country music]] singer who enjoyed [[pop music]] cross-over success during the era of the [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]] Sound in the early 1960s. She is considered one of the most influential female vocalists of the twentieth century. |
| − | Cline was best known for her emotionally | + | Cline was best known for her full throated, emotionally expressive voice, which differentiated her from other female country singers of her day. Many of her songs have been identified as classics. Her signature songs include "[[Crazy (Willie Nelson song)|Crazy]]," "[[I Fall to Pieces]]," "[[She's Got You]]," and "[[Walkin' After Midnight]]." Millions of her albums have been sold since her death in a 1963 plane crash at the age of 30 during the height of her fame, which has given her an iconic fan status. |
==Early years== | ==Early years== | ||
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Cline performed in area variety/talent shows as a girl. As she grew older, began to play popular nightclubs. To support her family after her father abandoned them, she quit school and worked various jobs, [[soda]]jerking and waitressing by day and singing in clubs at night. | Cline performed in area variety/talent shows as a girl. As she grew older, began to play popular nightclubs. To support her family after her father abandoned them, she quit school and worked various jobs, [[soda]]jerking and waitressing by day and singing in clubs at night. | ||
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| + | [[Image:Patsy-Cline-Poster.jpg|thumb|left|Poster shows Patsy Cline in one of her cowgirl outfits.]] | ||
Her mother, a gifted seamstress who practiced her craft until her passing in 1998, made Cline's famous western stage outfits. During this period in her early 20s, Cline met two men who would be responsible for her name changes: she married contractor Gerald Cline (whom she later divorced) in 1953, and she was given the name "Patsy" by her manager, Bill Peer. Numerous appearances on local radio followed, and she attracted a large following in the Virginia/Maryland area. She became a regular on [[Connie B. Gay]]'s ''Town and Country'' television show, broadcast out of [[Washington, D.C]]. | Her mother, a gifted seamstress who practiced her craft until her passing in 1998, made Cline's famous western stage outfits. During this period in her early 20s, Cline met two men who would be responsible for her name changes: she married contractor Gerald Cline (whom she later divorced) in 1953, and she was given the name "Patsy" by her manager, Bill Peer. Numerous appearances on local radio followed, and she attracted a large following in the Virginia/Maryland area. She became a regular on [[Connie B. Gay]]'s ''Town and Country'' television show, broadcast out of [[Washington, D.C]]. | ||
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===Nashville sound=== | ===Nashville sound=== | ||
When her Four Star contract expired in 1960, Cline signed with [[Decca Records]], under the direction of legendary producer [[Owen Bradley]], who was not only responsible for much of Cline's career, but also for those of [[Brenda Lee]] and [[Loretta Lynn]]. Bradley's arrangements incorporated instruments not typically used on country records, such as strings. This new, more sophisticated instrumental style became known as “The Nashville Sound," also associated with RCA’s [[Chet Atkins]], who produced [[Jim Reeves]], [[Skeeter Davis]] and [[Eddy Arnold]]. | When her Four Star contract expired in 1960, Cline signed with [[Decca Records]], under the direction of legendary producer [[Owen Bradley]], who was not only responsible for much of Cline's career, but also for those of [[Brenda Lee]] and [[Loretta Lynn]]. Bradley's arrangements incorporated instruments not typically used on country records, such as strings. This new, more sophisticated instrumental style became known as “The Nashville Sound," also associated with RCA’s [[Chet Atkins]], who produced [[Jim Reeves]], [[Skeeter Davis]] and [[Eddy Arnold]]. | ||
| − | + | [[Image:Patsy-Cline-Art.jpg|thumb|250px|A fan's artistic tribute to Patsy Cline]] | |
Cline dethroned [[Kitty Wells]] as the "Queen of Country Music" when, for two years in a row, she won [[Billboard Magazine]]'s "Favorite Female Country & Western Artist" title. Cline's husky, full-throated, "citified" sound was a marked contrast to Wells' pure country vocals. Cline, however, did not think of herself as anything other than a country singer. | Cline dethroned [[Kitty Wells]] as the "Queen of Country Music" when, for two years in a row, she won [[Billboard Magazine]]'s "Favorite Female Country & Western Artist" title. Cline's husky, full-throated, "citified" sound was a marked contrast to Wells' pure country vocals. Cline, however, did not think of herself as anything other than a country singer. | ||
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===Height of her career=== | ===Height of her career=== | ||
| + | [[Image:Patsy-Cline-Dress.jpg|thumb|One of Patsy's stage dresses]] | ||
Owing to her determination, outspoken nature, strong will, and self-confidence, Cline was the first female in the [[country music]] industry to surpass her male competitors in terms of record sales and concert tickets. She headlined [[Carnegie Hall]] with fellow Opry members, played the [[Hollywood Bowl]] with [[Johnny Cash]], and eventually had her own show in [[Las Vegas]] in 1962. She also reinvented her style by shedding her Western cowgirl outfits for elegant sequined gowns, cocktail dresses, and spiked heels. Cline's style in fashion and music were mocked at first by many but quickly copied. | Owing to her determination, outspoken nature, strong will, and self-confidence, Cline was the first female in the [[country music]] industry to surpass her male competitors in terms of record sales and concert tickets. She headlined [[Carnegie Hall]] with fellow Opry members, played the [[Hollywood Bowl]] with [[Johnny Cash]], and eventually had her own show in [[Las Vegas]] in 1962. She also reinvented her style by shedding her Western cowgirl outfits for elegant sequined gowns, cocktail dresses, and spiked heels. Cline's style in fashion and music were mocked at first by many but quickly copied. | ||
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Three Patsy Cline songs became hits after her 's death: "[[Sweet Dreams (Patsy Cline song)|Sweet Dreams]]," "[[Leavin' On Your Mind]]," and "[[Faded Love]]." She was buried in her hometown of Winchester, Virginia where a bell tower erected in her memory plays hymns daily at 6:00 p.m., the hour of her death. Her mother had her grave marked with a simple bronze plaque, which reads: "Death Cannot Kill What Never Dies: Love." | Three Patsy Cline songs became hits after her 's death: "[[Sweet Dreams (Patsy Cline song)|Sweet Dreams]]," "[[Leavin' On Your Mind]]," and "[[Faded Love]]." She was buried in her hometown of Winchester, Virginia where a bell tower erected in her memory plays hymns daily at 6:00 p.m., the hour of her death. Her mother had her grave marked with a simple bronze plaque, which reads: "Death Cannot Kill What Never Dies: Love." | ||
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| + | During her short career of only five and a half years, Patsy Cline was awarded 12 prestigious awards for her achievements in music and three more following her death. Most of these were [[Cashbox]], [[Music Reporter]], and [[Billboard Awards]], which were considered high honors during her time. | ||
==Legacy== | ==Legacy== | ||
| − | As the 1960s and early 70s moved on, MCA (new owner of Decca) continued to issue Patsy Cline albums, so that Cline has had several posthumous hits. Her ''Greatest Hits'' album continues to appear on the country charts to this day. | + | As the 1960s and early 70s moved on, MCA (new owner of Decca) continued to issue Patsy Cline albums, so that Cline has had several posthumous hits. Her ''Greatest Hits'' album continues to appear on the country charts to this day. |
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| + | [[Image:Patsy-Cline-halloffame.jpg|thumb|200px|Plaque honors Patsy Cline at the Country Music Hall of Fame.]] | ||
| − | + | *In 1973, Cline was elected to The [[Country Music Hall of Fame]], the first female solo artist in Country Music history to receive that honor. | |
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| − | * | + | *In 1985, HBO/Tri Star Pictures produced ''[[Sweet Dreams (film)|Sweet Dreams: The Life and Times of Patsy Cline]]'', starring actress [[Jessica Lange]], lip-synching as Cline. |
| − | + | *In 1992, the [[U.S. Postal Service]] honored Cline, along with [[Hank Williams]], on a U.S. postage stamp. | |
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| − | + | *Also in 1992, MCA released a four CD/Cassette package, called ''The Patsy Cline Collection'', which remains one of the ten bestselling boxed collections in the record industry. | |
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| − | * | + | *In 1995, Cline received a [[Grammy]] Lifetime Achievement Award. |
| − | * | + | *The musical play ''Always… Patsy Cline'' was based on the story of a [[Houston, Texas]] fan who met Cline after a concert one evening and became a lifelong friend. Other plays based on Cline's life and career have followed. These include ''A Closer Walk with Patsy Cline'' and ''Patsy''! |
| − | *" | + | *In 1997, Cline's recording of "Crazy" was named the number one Jukebox Hit of All Time. "[[I Fall to Pieces]]" came in at number 17. |
| − | * | + | *In 1998, she was nominated to The [[Hollywood Walk of Fame]] and a street was named after her on the back lot of [[Universal Studios]] in 1999. |
| − | * | + | *In 1999, [[VH1]] named Cline number 11 on its ''“100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll''.” |
| − | * | + | *In 2002, [[CMT]] named her number one on its “''40 Greatest Women of Country Music”.'' |
| − | * | + | *In 2005, the album ''Patsy Cline's Greatest Hits'' was certified by the RIAA as Diamond, reaching sales of 10 million copies. That same year, that same album was listed in the [[Guinness Book of World Records]] for staying on the overall music charts the longest of any female artist of any music genre in history. |
| − | + | Cline's career and musical influence have been cited as inspirations by countless vocalists, including [[Tammy Wynette]], [[Cyndi Lauper]], [[Marianne Faithful]], [[Patti Smith]], Dottie West, [[Barbara Mandrell]], [[Michelle Branch]], [[Amy Grant]], [[Reba McEntire]], [[Trisha Yearwood]] and [[LeAnn Rimes]]. Singer [[k.d. lang]] built her early career and first five albums on a character that was in large part a tribute to Cline in vocal characteristics, fashion sense (cowgirl skirts and cowboy boots), and musical material. Lang's band was even named the Re-Clines. | |
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==Discography== | ==Discography== | ||
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==Further reading== | ==Further reading== | ||
Revision as of 22:50, 31 August 2007
Patsy Cline (born Virginia Patterson Hensley September 8, 1932 – March 5, 1963) was a country music singer who enjoyed pop music cross-over success during the era of the Nashville Sound in the early 1960s. She is considered one of the most influential female vocalists of the twentieth century.
Cline was best known for her full throated, emotionally expressive voice, which differentiated her from other female country singers of her day. Many of her songs have been identified as classics. Her signature songs include "Crazy," "I Fall to Pieces," "She's Got You," and "Walkin' After Midnight." Millions of her albums have been sold since her death in a 1963 plane crash at the age of 30 during the height of her fame, which has given her an iconic fan status.
Early years
Born Virginia Patterson Hensley on September 8, 1932, in Winchester, Virginia, she was the daughter of Sam and Hilda Hensley, a blacksmith and a seamstress, respectively. She was the eldest of three children. With dreams of stardom since an early age, Cline often proclaimed that she would one day be famous. She often sang in church with her mother and admired stars such as Judy Garland and Shirley Temple. A serious illness as a child caused a throat infection which, according to Cline, resulted in her booming, throaty voice. She was well rounded in her musical tastes and credited a range of singers from Kay Starr to Hank Williams for influencing her.
Cline performed in area variety/talent shows as a girl. As she grew older, began to play popular nightclubs. To support her family after her father abandoned them, she quit school and worked various jobs, sodajerking and waitressing by day and singing in clubs at night.
Her mother, a gifted seamstress who practiced her craft until her passing in 1998, made Cline's famous western stage outfits. During this period in her early 20s, Cline met two men who would be responsible for her name changes: she married contractor Gerald Cline (whom she later divorced) in 1953, and she was given the name "Patsy" by her manager, Bill Peer. Numerous appearances on local radio followed, and she attracted a large following in the Virginia/Maryland area. She became a regular on Connie B. Gay's Town and Country television show, broadcast out of Washington, D.C.
In 1955, Cline was signed to Four Star Records, but her contract greatly limited her material, stating that she could record only compositions written by Four Star writers. Her first record for Four Star was "A Church A Courtroom And Then Good-Bye." The song attracted little attention, although it did lead to several appearances on the Grand Ole Opry. During her contract with Four Star, Cline recorded 51 songs.
"Walkin' After Midnight"
The year 1957 was a year of great change in Cline's life. Not only did she marry the man she called the love of her life, Charlie Dick, but she skyrocketed to fame when she appeared on the nationally televised Arthur Godfrey's Talent Scouts program. She sang a pop tune, "Walkin' After Midnight," and won. The song became an instant hit and her first album, Patsy Cline was released. The song reached #2 on the country charts and went to #12 on the pop charts. She was unable to follow up "Walkin' After Midnight", however, largely because her contract with continued to limit the material she could record.
Nashville sound
When her Four Star contract expired in 1960, Cline signed with Decca Records, under the direction of legendary producer Owen Bradley, who was not only responsible for much of Cline's career, but also for those of Brenda Lee and Loretta Lynn. Bradley's arrangements incorporated instruments not typically used on country records, such as strings. This new, more sophisticated instrumental style became known as “The Nashville Sound," also associated with RCA’s Chet Atkins, who produced Jim Reeves, Skeeter Davis and Eddy Arnold.
Cline dethroned Kitty Wells as the "Queen of Country Music" when, for two years in a row, she won Billboard Magazine's "Favorite Female Country & Western Artist" title. Cline's husky, full-throated, "citified" sound was a marked contrast to Wells' pure country vocals. Cline, however, did not think of herself as anything other than a country singer.
Cline's first Decca release was the 1961 ballad "I Fall to Pieces." It went on to become Cline's first number one hit on the country charts and peaked at number 12 on the pop charts. The song cemented Cline's status as a household name and proved that female country singers could enjoy just as much crossover success as male counterparts such as Jim Reeves and Eddy Arnold. That same year, she was elected as an official member of the Grand Ole Opry, the realization of a lifelong dream. During this period, Cline befriended and encouraged several women starting out in Country Music, including Loretta Lynn, Dottie West, Barbara Mandrell, Jan Howard and Brenda Lee, all of whom cite her as an influence in their careers.
Near-fatal car accident
The year 1961 also brought the birth of Cline's son Randy. However,June 14, Patsy and her brother were involved in a head-on car collision. The impact of the accident threw Patsy through the windshield, nearly killing her. Upon her arrival at the scene, singer Dottie West picked the glass from Patsy's hair, while Patsy insisted that the other car's driver be treated before her.
Patsy later stated that she saw the female driver of the other car die before her eyes at the hospital. Suffering from a jagged cut across her forehead that required stitches, a broken wrist, and a dislocated hip, she spent a month in the hospital. When she left the hospital, her forehead was still visibly scarred. For the remainder of her career, she wore wigs to hide the scars and headbands to relieve pressure on her forehead. She returned to the road on crutches.
Height of her career
Owing to her determination, outspoken nature, strong will, and self-confidence, Cline was the first female in the country music industry to surpass her male competitors in terms of record sales and concert tickets. She headlined Carnegie Hall with fellow Opry members, played the Hollywood Bowl with Johnny Cash, and eventually had her own show in Las Vegas in 1962. She also reinvented her style by shedding her Western cowgirl outfits for elegant sequined gowns, cocktail dresses, and spiked heels. Cline's style in fashion and music were mocked at first by many but quickly copied.
After the success of "I Fall to Pieces," Cline needed a follow-up, particularly because her car accident had required that she spend a month in the hospital, which meant lost time from touring and promotions. The famous follow-up to her hit, written by Willie Nelson, was called "Crazy." Cline reportedly hated the song at first. However, when it was finally recorded, it became a classic and, ultimately, the song for which she remains best known.
In 1962 released her next single, "She's Got You," which became another country/pop crossover hit. In 1962, Cline had a string of minor hits, including "Imagine That," "When I Get Thru' With You," and "So Wrong." These were followed by an appearance on the teen rock tevelision show American Bandstand and the release of an album, her third, called Sentimentally Yours.
Untimely death
In the months leading up to her death, Cline confided in her closest friends, June Carter and Dottie West, that she felt a sense of impending doom and suspected that she was not going to live much longer. On March 3, 1963, she gave her last concert at a benefit show in Kansas City, Missouri for the family of a disc jockey who had recently died. On the bill with her were George Jones, Billy Walker, Dottie West, Cowboy Copas, Hawkshaw Hawkins, and Wilma Lee & Stoney Cooper. Afterward, Patsy boarded a private plane bound for Nashville, flown by her manager Randy Hughes, along with Cowboy Copas and Hawkshaw Hawkins. After stopping to refuel in Dyersburg, Tennessee, the plane flew into severe weather and crashed at 6:20 p.m. in a forest just outside of Camden, Tennessee, 90 miles from Nashville. There were no survivors. Nashville was in shock over the loss, and Cline's memorial service was attended by thousands.
Three Patsy Cline songs became hits after her 's death: "Sweet Dreams," "Leavin' On Your Mind," and "Faded Love." She was buried in her hometown of Winchester, Virginia where a bell tower erected in her memory plays hymns daily at 6:00 p.m., the hour of her death. Her mother had her grave marked with a simple bronze plaque, which reads: "Death Cannot Kill What Never Dies: Love."
During her short career of only five and a half years, Patsy Cline was awarded 12 prestigious awards for her achievements in music and three more following her death. Most of these were Cashbox, Music Reporter, and Billboard Awards, which were considered high honors during her time.
Legacy
As the 1960s and early 70s moved on, MCA (new owner of Decca) continued to issue Patsy Cline albums, so that Cline has had several posthumous hits. Her Greatest Hits album continues to appear on the country charts to this day.
- In 1973, Cline was elected to The Country Music Hall of Fame, the first female solo artist in Country Music history to receive that honor.
- In 1985, HBO/Tri Star Pictures produced Sweet Dreams: The Life and Times of Patsy Cline, starring actress Jessica Lange, lip-synching as Cline.
- In 1992, the U.S. Postal Service honored Cline, along with Hank Williams, on a U.S. postage stamp.
- Also in 1992, MCA released a four CD/Cassette package, called The Patsy Cline Collection, which remains one of the ten bestselling boxed collections in the record industry.
- In 1995, Cline received a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
- The musical play Always… Patsy Cline was based on the story of a Houston, Texas fan who met Cline after a concert one evening and became a lifelong friend. Other plays based on Cline's life and career have followed. These include A Closer Walk with Patsy Cline and Patsy!
- In 1997, Cline's recording of "Crazy" was named the number one Jukebox Hit of All Time. "I Fall to Pieces" came in at number 17.
- In 1998, she was nominated to The Hollywood Walk of Fame and a street was named after her on the back lot of Universal Studios in 1999.
- In 1999, VH1 named Cline number 11 on its “100 Greatest Women of Rock and Roll.”
- In 2002, CMT named her number one on its “40 Greatest Women of Country Music”.
- In 2005, the album Patsy Cline's Greatest Hits was certified by the RIAA as Diamond, reaching sales of 10 million copies. That same year, that same album was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records for staying on the overall music charts the longest of any female artist of any music genre in history.
Cline's career and musical influence have been cited as inspirations by countless vocalists, including Tammy Wynette, Cyndi Lauper, Marianne Faithful, Patti Smith, Dottie West, Barbara Mandrell, Michelle Branch, Amy Grant, Reba McEntire, Trisha Yearwood and LeAnn Rimes. Singer k.d. lang built her early career and first five albums on a character that was in large part a tribute to Cline in vocal characteristics, fashion sense (cowgirl skirts and cowboy boots), and musical material. Lang's band was even named the Re-Clines.
Discography
Singles
| Year | Single | US Country Singles | US Pop Singles | US AC Singles | UK Singles | Album | |
| 1955 | "A Church, a Courtroom & Then Goodbye" | - | - | - | - | The Patsy Cline Collection | |
| 1957 | "Walkin' After Midnight" | 2 | 12 | - | - | Patsy Cline | |
| 1957 | "A Poor Man's Roses (Or a Rich Man's Gold)" | 14 | - | - | - | Patsy Cline | |
| 1961 | "I Fall to Pieces" | #1 | 12 | 6 | - | Showcase | |
| 1961 | "Crazy" | 2 | 9 | 2 | - | Showcase | |
| 1961 | "Who Can I Count On" | - | 99 | - | - | The Patsy Cline Collection | |
| 1962 | "She's Got You" | #1 | 14 | 3 | 43 | Sentimentally Yours | |
| 1962 | "Strange" | - | 97 | - | - | Sentimentally Yours | |
| 1962 | "Heartaches" | - | 73 | - | 37 | Sentimentally Yours | |
| 1962 | "Imagine That" | 21 | 90 | - | - | The Patsy Cline Story | |
| 1962 | "So Wrong" | 14 | 85 | - | - | 12 Greatest Hits | |
| 1962 | "When I Get Thru' With You" | 10 | 53 | - | - | 20th Century Masters | |
| 1963 | "Leavin' On Your Mind" | 8 | 83 | - | - | The Patsy Cline Story | |
| 1963 | "Sweet Dreams" | 5 | 44 | 15 | - | The Patsy Cline Story | |
| 1963 | "Faded Love" | 7 | 96 | - | - | The Patsy Cline Story | |
| 1964 | "He Called Me Baby" | 23 | - | - | - | A Portrait | |
| 1964 | "When You Need a Laugh" | 47 | - | - | - | A Portrait | |
| 1969 | "Anytime" | 73 | - | - | - | Sentimentally Yours | |
| 1978 | "Life's Railway to Heaven" | 98 | - | - | - | Best of Patsy Cline | |
| 1980 | "Always" | 18 | - | - | - | Anytime | |
| 1981 | "I Fall to Pieces" (with Jim Reeves) | 61 | - | - | - | Heartaches | |
| 1981 | "Have You Ever Been Lonely (Have You Ever Been Blue)" | 5 | - | - | - | Showcase | |
| 1999 | "There He Goes" | 70 | - | - | - | The Patsy Cline Collection |
Selected Albums
| Year | Cover | Album | US Country Albums | |
| 1957 | 70px | Patsy Cline | - | |
| 1961 | 70px | Showcase With the Jordanaires | #63 | |
| 1962 | 70px | Sentimentally Yours | - | |
| 1963 | 70px | The Patsy Cline Story | #9 | |
| 1964 | 70px | A Portait | - | |
| 1965 | 70px | That's How a Heartache Begins | - | |
| 1967 | 70px | 12 Greatest Hits | #17 | |
| 1980 | - | Always | #27 | |
| 1998 | 70px | The Ultimate Collection | #49 | |
| 2001 | - | Remembering Patsy | - |
Further reading
- Honky Tonk Angel: The Intimate Story of Patsy Cline, Nassour, Ellis
- Country Music: The Rough Guide; Wolff, Kurt; Penguin Publishing
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