Difference between revisions of "Heart disease" - New World Encyclopedia
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| − | '''Heart disease''' is a general category | + | '''Heart disease''' is a general category for grouping [[disease]]s that involve the [[heart]] and any structural or functional abnormalities of the [[blood vessel]]s supplying the heart that impairs its normal functioning. Included under this designation are such diverse medical conditions as [[coronary heart disease]], [[stroke]], [[heart attack]] (myocardial infarction), congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, myocarditis ([[inflammation]] of the heart muscle), endocarditis, pericarditis, and [[arrhythmia]]. Heart disease is one grouping of diseases within the larger category of a [[cardiovascular disease]], an umbrella term for grouping [[disease]]s that involve the [[circulatory system]]. |
Currently, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the [[United States]] (Miniño et al. 2007), [[England]], [[Canada]], and [[Wales]] (NS 2006), killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone (Hitti 2004). | Currently, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the [[United States]] (Miniño et al. 2007), [[England]], [[Canada]], and [[Wales]] (NS 2006), killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone (Hitti 2004). | ||
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==Types of heart disease== | ==Types of heart disease== | ||
===Coronary heart disease=== | ===Coronary heart disease=== | ||
| − | + | ''Coronary artery disease'' is a disease of the [[blood vessel]]s that supply [[blood]] to the [[heart]] muscle. Although blood fills the chambers of the heart, the muscle tissue of the heart, or [[myocardium]], is so thick that it requires coronary blood vessels to deliver blood deep into it. The vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as coronary veins. Coronary heart disease typically is caused by the accumulation of [[atheroma]]tous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium. | |
| − | '' | + | Coronary heart disease itself encompasses such symptoms and conditions as '''angina pectoris''' (chest pain) and acute '''myocardial infarction''' (heart attack). Angina pectoris or angina is severe chest pain resulting from a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply to the heart muscle, most commonly due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary [[artery|arteries]]. A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is interrupted. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a [[coronary artery]]. Heart attacks are the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world (WHO 2002). |
| − | Over 451,000 Americans die of coronary heart disease every year | + | Over 451,000 Americans die of coronary heart disease every year (AHA 2008; Friedewald 2002). In the [[United Kingdom]], coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death, with 101,000 deaths annually due to this condition (BHF 2007). |
===Cardiomyopathy=== | ===Cardiomyopathy=== | ||
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==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist}} | {{reflist}} | ||
| + | * Friedewald, W. T. 2002. Cardiovascular diseases. In L. Breslow, ''Encyclopedia of Public Health''. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Gale Group Thomson Learning. ISBN 0028658884. | ||
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| + | <ref>[http://www.heartstats.org/uploads/documents%5C2007.chapter1.pdf British Heart Statistics report]</ref> | ||
| + | <ref name="AHA">American Heart Association:And if they didnt smoke that number would be way way way down!?! [http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3000090 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics]-2008 Update. AHA, Dallas, Texas, 2008</ref>. | ||
<ref> {{cite journal | <ref> {{cite journal | ||
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NS 2006 <ref> [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/hsq0506.pdf National Statistics Press Release] [[25th May]] [[2006]]</ref> | NS 2006 <ref> [http://www.statistics.gov.uk/pdfdir/hsq0506.pdf National Statistics Press Release] [[25th May]] [[2006]]</ref> | ||
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| + | * World Health Organization (WHO). 2004. [http://www.who.int/entity/whr/2004/en/report04_en.pdf The World Health Report 2004: Changing History]. ''World Health Organization''. ISBN 924156265X. | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
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[[Category:Diseases]] | [[Category:Diseases]] | ||
| − | {{credit|Heart_disease|237192552}} | + | {{credit|Heart_disease|237192552|Coronary_circulation|230793523}} |
Revision as of 18:19, 12 September 2008
| Heart disease Classification and external resources | |
| MeSH | D006331 |
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Heart disease is a general category for grouping diseases that involve the heart and any structural or functional abnormalities of the blood vessels supplying the heart that impairs its normal functioning. Included under this designation are such diverse medical conditions as coronary heart disease, stroke, heart attack (myocardial infarction), congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle), endocarditis, pericarditis, and arrhythmia. Heart disease is one grouping of diseases within the larger category of a cardiovascular disease, an umbrella term for grouping diseases that involve the circulatory system.
Currently, heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States (Miniño et al. 2007), England, Canada, and Wales (NS 2006), killing one person every 34 seconds in the United States alone (Hitti 2004).
Types of heart disease
Coronary heart disease
Coronary artery disease is a disease of the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. Although blood fills the chambers of the heart, the muscle tissue of the heart, or myocardium, is so thick that it requires coronary blood vessels to deliver blood deep into it. The vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium are known as coronary arteries. The vessels that remove the deoxygenated blood from the heart muscle are known as coronary veins. Coronary heart disease typically is caused by the accumulation of atheromatous plaques within the walls of the arteries that supply the myocardium.
Coronary heart disease itself encompasses such symptoms and conditions as angina pectoris (chest pain) and acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). Angina pectoris or angina is severe chest pain resulting from a lack of blood and hence oxygen supply to the heart muscle, most commonly due to obstruction or spasm of the coronary arteries. A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when the blood supply to part of the heart is interrupted. This is most commonly due to occlusion (blockage) of a coronary artery. Heart attacks are the leading cause of death for both men and women all over the world (WHO 2002).
Over 451,000 Americans die of coronary heart disease every year (AHA 2008; Friedewald 2002). In the United Kingdom, coronary heart disease is the most common cause of death, with 101,000 deaths annually due to this condition (BHF 2007).
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy literally means "heart muscle disease" (Myo= muscle, pathy= disease) It is the deterioration of the function of the myocardium (i.e., the actual heart muscle) for any reason. People with cardiomyopathy are often at risk of arrhythmia and/or sudden cardiac death.
- Extrinsic cardiomyopathies - cardiomyopathies where the primary pathology is outside the myocardium itself. Most cardiomyopathies are extrinsic, because by far the most common cause of a cardiomyopathy is ischemia. The World Health Organization calls these specific cardiomyopathies[citation needed]:
- Alcoholic cardiomyopathy
- Coronary artery disease
- Congenital heart disease - see below
- Nutritional diseases affecting the heart
- Ischemic (or ischaemic) cardiomyopathy
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Valvular cardiomyopathy - see also Valvular heart disease below
- Inflammatory cardiomyopathy - see also Inflammatory heart disease below
- Cardiomyopathy secondary to a systemic metabolic disease
- Intrinsic cardiomyopathies - weakness in the muscle of the heart that is not due to an identifiable external cause.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) - most common form, and one of the leading indications for heart transplantation. In DCM the heart (especially the left ventricle) is enlarged and the pumping function is diminished.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM or HOCM) - genetic disorder caused by various mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. In HCM the heart muscle is thickened, which can obstruct blood flow and prevent the heart from functioning properly.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) - arises from an electrical disturbance of the heart in which heart muscle is replaced by fibrous scar tissue. The right ventricle is generally most affected.
- Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) - least common cardiomyopathy. The walls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resist the normal filling of the heart with blood. ** Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy - the left ventricle wall has failed to properly grow from birth and such has a spongy appearance when viewed during an echocardiogram.
Cardiovascular disease
Cardiovascular disease is any of a number of specific diseases that affect the heart itself and/or the blood vessel system, especially the veins and arteries leading to and from the heart. Research on disease dimorphism suggests that women who suffer with cardiovascular disease usually suffer from forms that affect the blood vessels while men usually suffer from forms that affect the heart muscle itself. Known or associated causes of cardiovascular disease include diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia and hypercholesterolemia.
Types of cardiovascular disease include:
- Atherosclerosis
Ischaemic heart disease
- Ischaemic heart disease - another disease of the heart itself, characterized by reduced blood supply to the organs.
Heart failure
Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure (or CHF), and congestive cardiac failure (CCF), is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body.
- Cor pulmonale, a failure of the right side of the heart.
Hypertensive heart disease
Hypertensive heart disease is heart disease caused by high blood pressure, especially localised high blood pressure. Conditions that can be caused by hypertensive heart disease include:
- Left ventricular hypertrophy
- Coronary heart disease
- (Congestive) heart failure
- Hypertensive cardiomyopathy
- Cardiac arrhythmias
Inflammatory heart disease
Inflammatory heart disease involves inflammation of the heart muscle and/or the tissue surrounding it.
- Endocarditis - inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The most common structures involved are the heart valves.
- Inflammatory cardiomegaly
- Myocarditis - inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart.
Valvular heart disease
Valvular heart disease is disease process that has one tube valves of the heart. The valves in the right side of the heart are the tricuspid valve and the pulmonic valve. The valves in the left side of the heart are the mitral valve and the aortic valve.
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Mitral valve prolapse
- Valvular cardiomyopathy
See also
- Aneurysm
- Aortic aneurysm
- Diet and heart disease
- Endothelium-derived relaxing factor
- High blood pressure (Hypertension)
- Thrombosis
- Oral hygiene
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- Friedewald, W. T. 2002. Cardiovascular diseases. In L. Breslow, Encyclopedia of Public Health. New York: Macmillan Reference USA/Gale Group Thomson Learning. ISBN 0028658884.
[2].
[3]Cite error: Closing </ref> missing for <ref> tag
NS 2006 [4]
- World Health Organization (WHO). 2004. The World Health Report 2004: Changing History. World Health Organization. ISBN 924156265X.
External links
- VIDEO - Heart Disease in the Female Population: Prevalence, Presentation and Pathophysiology, Mary Zasadil, MD, speaks at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health (2007)
- Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada - Information Resource on Heart Disease
- British Heart Foundation
- VIDEO - What is Heart Disease?
Template:Circulatory system pathology
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- ↑ British Heart Statistics report
- ↑ American Heart Association:And if they didnt smoke that number would be way way way down!?! Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2008 Update. AHA, Dallas, Texas, 2008
- ↑ Division of Vital Statistics and Arialdi M. Miniño, M.P.H., Melonie P. Heron, Ph.D., Sherry L. Murphy, B.S., Kenneth D. Kochanek, M.A. (2007-08-21). Deaths: Final data for 2004. National Vital Statistics Reports 55 (19): 7.
- ↑ National Statistics Press Release 25th May 2006
