Encyclopedia, Difference between revisions of "G. Stanley Hall" - New World
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| + | '''Granville Stanley Hall''' (February 1, 1844 - April 24, 1924) was a [[psychologist]] and educator who pioneered [[United States|American]] [[psychology]]. His interests focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory. Hall was the first president of the [[American Psychological Association]] and the first president of [[Clark University]].[[Image:G_Stanley_Hall.jpg|thumb|250px|Granville Stanley Hall, circa 1910.]] | ||
| + | =Life= | ||
| + | Granville Stanley Hall was born in [[Ashfield, Massachusetts|Ashfield]], [[Massachusetts]], Hall graduated from [[Williams College]] in [[1867]], then studied at the [[Union Theological Seminary]] to prepare as a clergyman. Soon, he left for Germany for three years, where he studied philosophy and also attended ‘’Du Bois-Reymond’’ lectures on [[physiology]]. Returning to New York in 1871, he completed his divinity degree and served briefly at a country church. He then secured a position at Antioch College near Dayton, Ohio, and taught a variety of courses. | ||
| − | '' | + | Impressed/Inspired by [[Wilhelm Wundt]]'s ‘’'Principles of Physiological Psychology’’, Hall set out again for Germany to learn from Wundt. However, president ‘’Eliot’’ of [Harvard University]] offered him a minor teaching post in English, which also allowed him to work with [[William James]]. He received his doctorate in 1878 for a dissertation on muscular perception. From then to 1880 Hall spent in Germany, where he worked for Wundt during the first year of the [[Leipzig]] laboratory. |
| − | + | =Career and Work= | |
| + | In 1881, Hall joined the new graduate[[ John Hopkins University], where he worked with young people who later went on to positions of note within psychology, among them [[John Dewey]], [[James McKeen Cattell]], and [[Edward Clark Sanford]]. | ||
| − | + | Hall continued his career by teaching [[English language|English]] and philosophy at [[Antioch College]] in Ohio. In [[1882]] (until [[1888]]), he was appointed as a Professor of Psychology and Pedagogics at [[Johns Hopkins University]], and began what is considered to be the first American psychology laboratory <ref name=bio1> [http://www.ithaca.edu/beins/gsh/gsh_bio.htm A Brief Biographical Sketch of G. Stanley Hall]</ref>. There, Hall objected vehemently to the emphasis on teaching traditional subjects, e.g., Latin, mathematics, science and history, in high school, arguing instead that high school should focus more on the education of adolescents than on preparing students for college. | |
| − | In | + | In 1889, Hall was named to the first Presidency of [[Clark University]], a post he filled until [[1920]]. During his 31 years as President at [[Clark University]], Hall remained intellectually active. He was instrumental in the development of [[educational psychology]], and attempted to determine the effect [[adolescence]] has on [[education]]. He was also responsible for inviting [[Sigmund Freud]] and [[Carl Jung]] to visit and deliver lectures in [[1909]]. |
| + | In [[1887]], he founded the ''American Journal of Psychology'' and in [[1892]] was appointed as the first president of the [[American Psychological Association]]. | ||
| + | In the year of his death Hall was elected to a second term as president of the [[American Psychological Association]]; the only other person to be so honored was [[William James]]. | ||
| + | ==Contribution== | ||
| + | G. Stanley Hall, like [William [James]] dod not have the temperament for laboratory work. Rather he created an intellectual atmosphere to support those who were more empirically inclined. Nevertheless, Hall did contribute to the emerging body of psychological knowledge. Specifically, he was convinced of the importance of genetics and evolution for psychology, which was reflected in his writings and his support of the study of developmental psychology in terms of phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives. | ||
[[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] [[Theory of Evolution]] and [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s [[Theory of recapitulation]] were large influences on Hall's career. These ideas prompted Hall to examine aspects of childhood development in order to learn about the [[genetics|inheritance of behavior]]. The [[subjective]] character of these studies made their validation impossible. | [[Charles Darwin|Darwin's]] [[Theory of Evolution]] and [[Ernst Haeckel]]'s [[Theory of recapitulation]] were large influences on Hall's career. These ideas prompted Hall to examine aspects of childhood development in order to learn about the [[genetics|inheritance of behavior]]. The [[subjective]] character of these studies made their validation impossible. | ||
His work also delved into controversial portrayals of the differences between women and men, as well as the concept of [[racial]] [[eugenics]]<ref name=bio1/>. | His work also delved into controversial portrayals of the differences between women and men, as well as the concept of [[racial]] [[eugenics]]<ref name=bio1/>. | ||
Hall coined the phrase "Storm and Stress" with reference to [[adolescence]], taken from the German [[Sturm und Drang]]-movement. Its three key aspects are: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and risky behavior. As was later the case with the work of [[Lev Vygotsky]] and [[Jean Piaget]], public interest in this phrase and Hall's originating role, faded. Recent research has led to some reconsideration of the phrase and its denotation. In its three aspects, recent evidence supports storm-and-stress, but modified to take into account individual differences and cultural variations. Currently, pyschologists do not accept storm-and-stress as universal, but do acknowledge the possibility in brief passing. Not all adolescents experience storm-and-stress, but storm-and-stress is more likely during adolescence than at other ages. | Hall coined the phrase "Storm and Stress" with reference to [[adolescence]], taken from the German [[Sturm und Drang]]-movement. Its three key aspects are: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and risky behavior. As was later the case with the work of [[Lev Vygotsky]] and [[Jean Piaget]], public interest in this phrase and Hall's originating role, faded. Recent research has led to some reconsideration of the phrase and its denotation. In its three aspects, recent evidence supports storm-and-stress, but modified to take into account individual differences and cultural variations. Currently, pyschologists do not accept storm-and-stress as universal, but do acknowledge the possibility in brief passing. Not all adolescents experience storm-and-stress, but storm-and-stress is more likely during adolescence than at other ages. | ||
| + | ==Critic== | ||
| + | Hall did not start systems of psychology nor develop coherent theoretical frameworks nor leave behind loyal followers. | ||
| + | =Legacy= | ||
| + | Hall did make psychology functional and left it firmly intrenched in America. | ||
| + | Hall was instrumental in firmly establishing psychology in the [[United States]] through both substantive and practical activities. In addition to his contribution to child psychology and educational issues, he succeeded in securing recognition of psychology as profession. | ||
| + | He was the most independent of the early American psychologists | ||
Hall's major books were ''Adolescence'' (1904) and ''Aspects of Child Life and Education'' (1921). | Hall's major books were ''Adolescence'' (1904) and ''Aspects of Child Life and Education'' (1921). | ||
Hall also coined the technical words describing types of [[tickling]]; [[knismesis]] or feather-like tickling, and [[gargalesis]] for the harder, laughter inducing type. | Hall also coined the technical words describing types of [[tickling]]; [[knismesis]] or feather-like tickling, and [[gargalesis]] for the harder, laughter inducing type. | ||
| + | |||
== References and external links == | == References and external links == | ||
<references/> | <references/> | ||
* {{gutenberg author| id=G.+Stanley+Hall | name=G. Stanley Hall}} | * {{gutenberg author| id=G.+Stanley+Hall | name=G. Stanley Hall}} | ||
* [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per297 Biography and bibliography] in the Virtual Laboratory of the [[Max Planck Institute for the History of Science]] | * [http://vlp.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/people/data?id=per297 Biography and bibliography] in the Virtual Laboratory of the [[Max Planck Institute for the History of Science]] | ||
| − | + | *Dewey, J. 1886. Psychology. New York: Harper | |
| + | *Galton, F. 1889. Natural inheritance. London: Macmillan. | ||
| + | *Hall, G. S.1917.The life and confessions of a psychologist. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. | ||
{{Credit1|G._Stanley_Hall|87538986|}} | {{Credit1|G._Stanley_Hall|87538986|}} | ||
Revision as of 22:56, 15 January 2007
Granville Stanley Hall (February 1, 1844 - April 24, 1924) was a psychologist and educator who pioneered American psychology. His interests focused on childhood development and evolutionary theory. Hall was the first president of the American Psychological Association and the first president of Clark University.
Life
Granville Stanley Hall was born in Ashfield, Massachusetts, Hall graduated from Williams College in 1867, then studied at the Union Theological Seminary to prepare as a clergyman. Soon, he left for Germany for three years, where he studied philosophy and also attended ‘’Du Bois-Reymond’’ lectures on physiology. Returning to New York in 1871, he completed his divinity degree and served briefly at a country church. He then secured a position at Antioch College near Dayton, Ohio, and taught a variety of courses.
Impressed/Inspired by Wilhelm Wundt's ‘’'Principles of Physiological Psychology’’, Hall set out again for Germany to learn from Wundt. However, president ‘’Eliot’’ of [Harvard University]] offered him a minor teaching post in English, which also allowed him to work with William James. He received his doctorate in 1878 for a dissertation on muscular perception. From then to 1880 Hall spent in Germany, where he worked for Wundt during the first year of the Leipzig laboratory.
Career and Work
In 1881, Hall joined the new graduate[[ John Hopkins University], where he worked with young people who later went on to positions of note within psychology, among them John Dewey, James McKeen Cattell, and Edward Clark Sanford.
Hall continued his career by teaching English and philosophy at Antioch College in Ohio. In 1882 (until 1888), he was appointed as a Professor of Psychology and Pedagogics at Johns Hopkins University, and began what is considered to be the first American psychology laboratory [1]. There, Hall objected vehemently to the emphasis on teaching traditional subjects, e.g., Latin, mathematics, science and history, in high school, arguing instead that high school should focus more on the education of adolescents than on preparing students for college.
In 1889, Hall was named to the first Presidency of Clark University, a post he filled until 1920. During his 31 years as President at Clark University, Hall remained intellectually active. He was instrumental in the development of educational psychology, and attempted to determine the effect adolescence has on education. He was also responsible for inviting Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung to visit and deliver lectures in 1909. In 1887, he founded the American Journal of Psychology and in 1892 was appointed as the first president of the American Psychological Association.
In the year of his death Hall was elected to a second term as president of the American Psychological Association; the only other person to be so honored was William James.
Contribution
G. Stanley Hall, like [William [James]] dod not have the temperament for laboratory work. Rather he created an intellectual atmosphere to support those who were more empirically inclined. Nevertheless, Hall did contribute to the emerging body of psychological knowledge. Specifically, he was convinced of the importance of genetics and evolution for psychology, which was reflected in his writings and his support of the study of developmental psychology in terms of phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives. Darwin's Theory of Evolution and Ernst Haeckel's Theory of recapitulation were large influences on Hall's career. These ideas prompted Hall to examine aspects of childhood development in order to learn about the inheritance of behavior. The subjective character of these studies made their validation impossible. His work also delved into controversial portrayals of the differences between women and men, as well as the concept of racial eugenics[1].
Hall coined the phrase "Storm and Stress" with reference to adolescence, taken from the German Sturm und Drang-movement. Its three key aspects are: conflict with parents, mood disruptions, and risky behavior. As was later the case with the work of Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget, public interest in this phrase and Hall's originating role, faded. Recent research has led to some reconsideration of the phrase and its denotation. In its three aspects, recent evidence supports storm-and-stress, but modified to take into account individual differences and cultural variations. Currently, pyschologists do not accept storm-and-stress as universal, but do acknowledge the possibility in brief passing. Not all adolescents experience storm-and-stress, but storm-and-stress is more likely during adolescence than at other ages.
Critic
Hall did not start systems of psychology nor develop coherent theoretical frameworks nor leave behind loyal followers.
Legacy
Hall did make psychology functional and left it firmly intrenched in America. Hall was instrumental in firmly establishing psychology in the United States through both substantive and practical activities. In addition to his contribution to child psychology and educational issues, he succeeded in securing recognition of psychology as profession. He was the most independent of the early American psychologists Hall's major books were Adolescence (1904) and Aspects of Child Life and Education (1921).
Hall also coined the technical words describing types of tickling; knismesis or feather-like tickling, and gargalesis for the harder, laughter inducing type.
References and external links
- Works by G. Stanley Hall. Project Gutenberg
- Biography and bibliography in the Virtual Laboratory of the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science
- Dewey, J. 1886. Psychology. New York: Harper
- Galton, F. 1889. Natural inheritance. London: Macmillan.
- Hall, G. S.1917.The life and confessions of a psychologist. Garden City, New York: Doubleday.
Credits
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