Dr. Seuss

Dr. Seuss
Dr. Seuss in 1957, with some of his books.
Born
March 2, 1904 Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died
September 24, 1991 La Jolla, California

Theodor Seuss Geisel (March 2, 1904 – September 24, 1991) stands out in American history as the author of several classic children's books, which he wrote under the pen name of Dr. Seuss. Among his most famous books are The Cat in the Hat, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, and Green Eggs and Ham. Geisel also enjoyed a career as a magazine writer and advertising artist. He was also a cartoonist who illustrated all of his own books. He even wrote a few books under the name of Theo. LeSieg, which is "Geisel" spelled backwards. He used "LeSieg" only for the books that he wrote but didn't illustrate. In all, Geisel wrote and illustrated 44 children's books. His books have been translated into more than 15 languages and more than 200 million copies have been sold around the world. In 1984, Geisel was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for his "special contribution over nearly half a century to the education and enjoyment of America's children and their parents."

Life and Work

Theodor Seuss Geisel enjoyed an ideal and happy childhood. He was born on March 2, 1904 and grew up in Springfield, Massachusetts. His house was located on 74 Fairfield Street, six blocks from the zoo (where his father worked) and three blocks from the local library. He was a creative and energetic child who excelled academically. His father had great hopes for Seuss becoming a doctor. He attended and graduated from Dartmouth College in 1925. While at Dartmouth he was an active member of both Sigma Phi Epsilon and Casque and Gauntlet. Some of his first articles were published in the humor magazine, Dartmouth Jack-O-Lantern.

Seuss was encouraged to continue his education so he attended Lincoln College, Oxford, with the intent of earning a doctorate in literature, and fulfilling his father's dream. However, Seuss did not count on meeting a major distraction, that of Helen Palmer, and the couple married in 1927. The two returned to the United States and Seuss never finished at Oxford. As a result he decided to put "Dr." at the front of his chosen pen name "Seuss", so that his father could say his son was indeed a doctor. The name Seuss was Geisel's mother's maiden name, and it is pronounced like "voice", though most American's pronounce it like "juice".

Seuss began writing intently after his marriage, submitting humorous articles (along with original illustrations) to several magazines. Among these were Judge, The Saturday Evening Post, Life, Vanity Fair, and Liberty. During the Great Depression, Seuss found work by drawing advertisements for General Electric, NBC, Standard Oil, and many others. Even though he was not writing children's stories he had already begun using his pen name, Dr. Seuss. His first attempt at being a cartoonist was a short-lived comic strip called Hejji in 1935.

Dr. Seuss wrote three children's books in prose, including And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street, before he found his unique rhyme and rhythm. He took a break from his fictional writing and began making strong political statements in the form of cartoons, articles, documentaries, and eventually military service in World War II. From January 1941 to January 1943 he joined Frank Capra’s film unit of the U.S. Army Signal Corps.

He drew over 400 cartoons for the New York City left-wing daily newspaper PM. His cartoons expressed more right-wing sentiments on the vileness of Hitler, Mussolini and even Charles Lindbergh (who voiced his discontent over America joining the war effort). [1]

His cartoons made statements against racism and isolationist leaders and praised every decision by President Roosevelt during the war. Seuss admired the President and was very patriotic. In 1942, he began drawing posters for the Treasury Department and the War Production Board. In 1943, he became a commander of the Animation Department of the First Motion Picture Unit of the United States Army Air Forces. He made several propaganda films about peace and earned Academy Awards for Hitler Lives (1946); for the documentary feature, Design for Death (1947); and for the animation short, Gerald McBoing-Boing (1951). He ended his service and was given the Legion of Merit award.

At the war's end, Seuss and Helen settled permanently in La Jolla, California where his writing continued in earnest. He wrote If I Ran the Zoo, (1950), Scrambled Eggs Super! (1953), On Beyond Zebra! (1955), If I Ran the Circus (1956), and How the Grinch Stole Christmas! (1957). His direction and goals as a writer changed when he read an article on illiteracy in the May 1954 issue of Life magazine. The article stated that the rise of children's illiteracy was due, in part, to the lack of interesting reading material. Seuss' publisher gave him a list of 400 of the most important words a child should be reading, and asked Seuss to cut the list down to 250 words and write a book. Thus the history of the 220 word story, The Cat in the Hat, Dr. Seuss' most popular book. Next on his resume was Green Eggs and Ham a book that is said to have been written as a result of a bet. Bennett Cerf bet Dr. Seuss $50 that he couldn't write an entire children's book using only fifty words. Dr. Seuss proved to be up to the challenge, whether Cerf ever paid up is not known.

During these years of success, Seuss faced hardship at home when his wife of over 40 years became very ill. On October 23, 1967, Helen Palmer Geisel committed suicide to end her suffering. Shortly after, Seuss met and married Audrey Stone Diamond on June 21, 1968. The two remained married until Seuss' death on September 24, 1991. He was buried in the town he had called home, Jolla, California. Many honors were given Theodor Seuss Geisel, among them the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden which opened in 2002 and is located in his birthplace of Springfield, Massachusetts; it features sculptures of Dr. Seuss and several of his characters.

Poetic meters

Dr. Seuss wrote most of his books in anapestic tetrameter, a meter used by many poets, including Lord Byron. Anapestic tetrameter is made up of four rhythmic units called anapests, and each are composed of two weak beats followed by one strong—schematized below:

x x X x x X x x X x x X

Occasionally, the first weak syllable is left out and added in at the end. A typical line (the first line of If I Ran the Circus) is:

In ALL the whole TOWN the most WONderful SPOT

Seuss employed this meter in his works during most of this career, however, in his later works he did not adhere to this meter as strictly. It is obvious that Seuss' use of meter is one of the major hallmarks of his writings, a hallmark that has never been imitated.

Seuss also explored trochaic tetrameter, which consists of an arrangement of four units each with a strong followed by a weak beat.

X x X x X x X x

One Fish, Two Fish, Red Fish, Blue Fish is a good example. Seuss usually used trochaic meter for short passages, and then switched to iambic tetrameter (which is much easier to write) for longer passages:

x X x X x X x X

For example, in Bartholomew and the Oobleck, the magicians begin the story by chanting in trochaic tetrameter:

Shuffle, duffle, muzzle, muff

then he switchs to iambic tetrameter for the oobleck spell:

Go make the oobleck tumble down

On every street, in every town!

Artwork

Seuss enjoyed illustrating his books as much as he enjoyed writing them. His style was distinctive and original. He began using simple pencil drawings or watercolors, but as his books grew in stature, his artistic talent grew as well. Most of his illustrations are made with black ink on white paper, and one or two colors.

Seuss' characters and buildings are usually round and somewhat droopy. Both the faces of the Grinch and the Cat are floppy and full, with rounded bellies. He rarely used straight lines, in fact, he emphatically avoided them. To many readers it is his characters that stand out, but to true fans, the architectural creations of Seuss are just as important and amazing. He created elaborate palaces, ramps, platforms, and free-standing stairways. He invented several machines, including the most famous one, the Audio-Telly-O-Tally-O-Count, from Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book. Seuss added extravagant detail to his drawings of feathers and fur, as in the 500th hat of Bartholomew Cubbins.

Seuss was able to convey vivid motion in all of his books. He loved drawing his characters making grand gestures, where the hand is flipping outward, the thumb up and the fingers slightly spread, a type of "voilà" gesture. More than gestures, he also showed motion with the old tradition of using lines, for example, in If I Ran the Circus, there are sweeping lines that indicate the swiftness of Sneelock's final dive. His early experience in cartoon drawing, helped him not only convey motion, but also to illustrate the various senses of sight, smell and sound. He used lines to portray even the Grinch's evil thoughts.

Politics

File:10425cs.jpg

1941 cartoon by Dr. Seuss depicting Charles Lindbergh.

Serving in World War II gave Seuss' adamant love for his country an outlet, but he also developed an urge to be active in politics. Seuss felt deeply about government issues across the globe. He opposed fascism and communism and embraced the democracy of his country. Many believe that Seuss used his children's books as an expression of his feelings about social justice. The following are a few examples:

-The Lorax (1971), has been said to be a commentary on environmentalism. The story explores the ill-effects of a ruthless industrialist (the "Once-ler") who completely destroys his environment and inevitably causes the closure of his own company.

-The Sneetches (1961) is seen as a satire on the injustice of racial discrimination.

-The Butter Battle Book (1984) written in Seuss' old age, is both a parody and a personal denunciation of the nuclear arms race. It was attacked by conservatives who felt that Seuss' comparing the Cold War to a battle of bread and butter was debasing and trite.

-The Zax has been seen by many as a parody of political hardliners.

-Yertle the Turtle (1958) has been compared to an allegory of tyranny, while at the same time advocating the power of political activism.

-In How the Grinch Stole Christmas (1957), Seuss made his religious values known with his underlying theme of fighting against materialism.

-Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose (1948) can be seen as an anti-hunting statement.

-Horton Hears a Who! is said to be a response to the atomic bomb.

Adaptations of Seuss's work

Seuss refused to let any of his characters be recreated for film and other mediums, however, he did approve some cartoons. Among these was the 1966 version of How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, the cartoon was created by Chuck Jones, Seuss' friend since the war. It is a faithful adaptation of the original book and is considered to be a Christmas classic, appearing in the annual catalog of Christmas television specials. A few other works followed, including Horton Hears a Who!, The Lorax, and The Cat in the Hat.

As Seuss grew older he became more lax in his stance against adaptations and allowed several other cartoons to be made. After his death in 1991, his wife Audrey was left in charge of all licensing matters. Thus, a live-action variation of How the Grinch Stole Christmas was made starring Jim Carrey in the title role. In 2000 the Broadway musical named Seussical debuted. With the success of these two adaptations, a live-action version of Cat in the Hat starring Mike Myers was released in 2003. Audrey, however, seriously disliked Meyers interpretation of the Cat, and declared that there would be no further live-action adaptations of Seuss' books.

The Universal Orlando Resort's Seuss Landing theme park in Florida is full of Seuss' creations, staying true to the books with curving designs.

In the November 2004 edition of MAD Magazine, (Mad #447) the cover story takes lines from Seuss' books and compares them with similar lines from speeches made by the President George W. Bush. It was titled "The Strange Similarities Between the Bush Administration and the World of Dr. Seuss." The cover drawing was of a Cat in the Hat that resembled Bush.

List of books

• And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street New York: Beginner Books, Vanguard Press, Random House, 1937 1983 B-Extra 1 ISBN 0394844947
• The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins New York: Beginner Books, Vanguard Press, Random House, 1938 1984 B-Extra 2 ISBN 039484484X
• The King's Stilts New York: Random House, 1939 ISBN 0394800826
• The Seven Lady Godivas New York: Random House, 1939 ISBN 0394562690
• Horton Hatches the Egg New York: Random House, 1940 ISBN 0007175191
• McElligot's Pool New York: Random House, 1947. Caldecott Honor Book ISBN 0394800834
• Thidwick the Big-Hearted Moose New York: Random House, 1948 ISBN 0007175175
• Bartholomew and the Oobleck New York: Random House, 1949. Caldecott Honor Book ISBN 0394845390
• If I Ran the Zoo New York: Random House, 1950. Caldecott Honor Book ISBN 0007169949
• Scrambled Eggs Super! New York: Random House, 1953 ISBN 0007169965
• Horton Hears a Who! New York: Random House, 1954 ISBN 0679800034
• On Beyond Zebra! New York: Random House, 1955 ISBN 0007175183
• If I Ran the Circus New York: Random House, 1956 ISBN 0394845463
• How the Grinch Stole Christmas! New York: Random House, 1957 ISBN 0007173040
• The Cat in the Hat New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1957, 1985 B-1 ISBN 0679891110
• The Cat in the Hat|The Cat in the Hat Comes Back New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1958 1986 B-2 ISBN 0375875387
• Yertle the Turtle|Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories New York: Random House, 1958 ISBN 0517129914
• Happy Birthday to You! New York: Random House, 1959 ISBN 0394800761
• One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1960 1988 B-13 ISBN 0394800133
• Green Eggs and Ham New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1960, 1988 B-16 ISBN 0007672535
• The Sneetches and Other Stories New York: Random House, 1961 ISBN 0007158505
• Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book New York: Random House, 1962 ISBN 0394800915
• Dr. Seuss's ABC New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1963, 1991 B-30 ISBN 0394800303
• Hop on Pop New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1963, 1991 B-29 ISBN 039480029X
• Fox in Socks New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1965 1993 B-38 ISBN 0394800389
• I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sollew New York: Random House, 1965 ISBN 0394800923
• The Cat in the Hat Song Book New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1967, 1994 B-Extra 3 ISBN 0394816951
• The Foot Book New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1968, 1996 BE-1 ISBN 0394809378
• I Can Lick 30 Tigers Today! and Other Stories New York: Random House, 1969 ISBN 039480094X
• My Book about ME New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1970 - Roy McKie 1995 B-Extra 4 ISBN 0394800931
• I Can Draw It Myself New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1970, 1996 B-Extra 5 ISBN 0394800974
• Mr. Brown Can Moo! Can You?: Dr. Seuss's Book of Wonderful Noises! New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1970, 1996 BE-7 ISBN 0394806220
• The Lorax New York: Random House, 1971. National Council for the Social Studies Notable Children's Trade Book / Social Studies ISBN 0394823370
• Marvin K. Mooney Will You Please Go Now! New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1972, 1997 BE-13 ISBN 0394824903
• Did I Ever Tell You How Lucky You Are? New York: Random House 1973 ISBN 0394827198
• The Shape of Me and Other Stuff New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1973, 1997 BE-16 ISBN 0394826876
• There's a Wocket in My Pocket! New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1974, 1997 BE-18 ISBN 0394829204
• Great Day for Up! New York: Bright & Early Books, Random House, 1974 - (Pictures by Quentin Blake) 1998 BE-19 ISBN 0394829131
• Oh, the Thinks You Can Think! New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1975. (Story and Pictures by Dr. Seuss) 1996 B-62 ISBN 0394831292
• The Cat's Quizzer New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1976, 1993 B-75 ISBN 0394832965
• I Can Read with My Eyes Shut! New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1978, 1996 B-64 ISBN 0394839129
• Oh Say Can You Say? New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1979, 1996 B-65 ISBN 0394842553
• Hunches in Bunches New York: Beginner Books, Random House, 1982, 1996 B-Extra 6 ISBN 0394855027
• The Butter Battle Book New York: Random House, 1984 ISBN 0394865804
• You're Only Old Once! : A Book for Obsolete Children New York: Random House, 1986. ISBN 0394551907
• I Am NOT Going to Get Up Today! New York: Random House, 1987 - (illustrated by James Stevenson) 1996 B-74 ISBN 0394892178
• Oh, the Places You'll Go! New York: Random House, 1990 ISBN 0679805273
• Daisy - Head Mayzie New York: Beginner Books, Random Housen 1995, 1997 B-Extra 7
• Hooray for Diffendoofer Day! New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. By Dr. Seuss with some help from Jack Prelutsky & Lane Smith (posthumous) ISBN 0679890084
• My Many Colored Days New York : Alfred A. Knopf: Distributed by Random House, 1996. by Dr. Seuss, paintings by Steve Johnson with Lou Fancher (posthumous) ISBN 0679875972
• Gerald McBoing-Boing New York: Random House, 2000 (posthumous) ISBN 0679891404

Omnibus Volumes

• A Hatful of Seuss: Five Favorite Dr. Seuss Stories ISBN 0679883886
  • Bartholomew and the Oobleck (1949), If I Ran the Zoo (1950), Horton Hears a Who! (1954), The Sneetches and Other Stories (1961), and Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book (1962)
• Your Favorite Seuss : A Baker's Dozen by the One and Only Dr. Seuss Molly Leach (Designer)ISBN 0375810617
  • And To Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street, Horton Hears a Who!, McElligot's Pool, If I Ran the Zoo, Happy Birthday to You!, Dr. Seuss's Sleep Book, Yertle the Turtle, The Cat in the Hat, How the Grinch Stole Christmas!, Green Eggs and Ham, The Lorax, The Sneetches, and Oh, the Places You'll Go!
• Six By Seuss: A Treasury of Dr. Seuss Classics ISBN 0679821481
  • And To Think That I Saw It On Mulberry Street, The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins, Horton Hatches the Egg, Yertle the Turtle and Other Stories, How the Grinch Stole Christmas, and The Lorax

Writing as Theo. LeSieg

LeSieg is Geisel spelled backwards.

• Ten Apples up on Top!. Illustrated by Roy McKie. ©1961, 1989–2004, B-19 ISBN 0394800192
• Come over to My House. Illustrated by Richard Erdoes. ©1966, B-44; 2006, B-Bonus Book ISBN 0001711296
• In a People House. Illustrated by Roy McKie. ©1972, 1997–2007, BE-12 ISBN 0394823958
• Wacky Wednesday. Illustrated by George Booth. ©1974, 1996–2006 B-59 ISBN 0394829123
• Would You Rather Be a Bullfrog?. Illustrated by Roy McKie. ©1975, 1998–2006, BE-21
• Hooper Humperdink...? Not Him!. Illustrated by Charles E. Martin. ©1976, 1998–2006, BE-22 ISBN 0679881298
• Maybe You Should Fly a Jet! Maybe You Should Be a Vet!. Illustrated by Michael J. Smollin. ©1980, 1996–2009, B-Extra 8 ISBN 0001713361
• The Tooth Book. Illustrated by Joe Mathieu/Roy McKie. 2000/1989, BE-25 ISBN 0375810390
• The Eye Book. Illustrated by Joe Mathieu/Roy McKie. 1999/1996, BE-2 ISBN 0375800336
• I Wish that I Had Duck Feet. 1994–2006, B-40 ISBN 0394800400
• Please Try to Remember the First of Octember!. Illustrated by Art Cummings. 1977, 1997–1999, B-63 ISBN 0394835638
• The Many Mice of Mr. Brice. (A pop-up book) BE-15 ISBN 0394826701
• I Can Write. Illustrated by Roy McKie. BE-Extra 2 ISBN 0679847006
• Are you my Mother?

Writing as Rosetta Stone

• Because a Little Bug Went Ka-choo! illustrated by Michael Frith. New York: Beginner Books, 1975 1996 B-61 ISBN 0394831306

Film, television, and theater adaptations

• Horton Hatches the Egg: a 1942 Warner Brothers cartoon, an early Seuss adaptation, which includes the elephant (and his son, at the end) singing a popular nonsense tune of that time, "The Hut-Sut Song" [2].
• The 5,000 Fingers of Dr. T: a 1953 feature-length live-action movie, with sets that look like classic Seuss drawings and screenplay by Dr. Seuss
• How the Grinch Stole Christmas: a 1966 animated television special directed by Chuck Jones for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
• Horton Hears a Who!: a 1970 animated television special directed by Chuck Jones for Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer
• The Cat in the Hat: a 1971 animated television special directed by Hawley Pratt for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and CBS
• The Lorax: a 1972 animated television special directed by Hawley Pratt for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and CBS
• Dr. Seuss on the Loose: a 1973 animated television special and Movie directed by Hawley Pratt for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and CBS, Dr. Seuss; this special included the stories The Sneetches, The Zax, and Green Eggs and Ham
• The Hoober-Bloob Highway: a 1975 animated television special directed by Alan Zaslove for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and CBS
• Halloween Is Grinch Night: a 1977 animated television special directed by Gerard Baldwin for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises and ABC
• Pontoffel Pock, Where Are You?: a 1980 animated television special directed by Gerard Baldwin for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises
• The Grinch Grinches The Cat in the Hat: a 1982 animated television special directed by Bill Perez for DePatie-Freleng Enterprises, Marvel Productions Ltd.
• The Butter Battle Book: a 1989 animated television special by Ralph Bakshi for Turner Entertainment
• In Search of Dr. Seuss: a 1994 television biopic outlining Seuss's life along with his books
• Daisy-Head Mayzie: a 1995 animated television special by Christopher O'Hare for Hanna-Barbera Productions (posthumous)
• Kids for Character: a 1996 animated television special by Character Counts!
• How the Grinch Stole Christmas!: a 2000 live-action film (posthumous)
• Seussical: a 2001 Broadway musical (posthumous)
• The Cat in the Hat: a 2003 live-action film (posthumous)
• Horton Hears a Who! (film): a 2008 CGI film (posthumous)

Further reading

• Theodor Seuss Geisel: The Early Works, Volume 1 Checker Book Publishing, (2005) ISBN 1-933160-01-2, Early Works Volume 1 is the first of a series collecting various political cartoons, advertisements, and various images drawn by Geisel long before he had written any of his world-famous books.
• Dr. Seuss and Mr. Geisel: A Biography by Judith Morgan and Neil Morgan. Da Capo Press (1996) ISBN 030680736X
• Dr. Seuss From Then to Now. Random House, (1987) ISBN 0-394-89268-2 a biographical retrospective published for the exhibit of the same title at the San Diego Museum of Art
• The Secret Art of Dr. Seuss by Audrey Geisel, Random House, (1995) ISBN 0-679-43448-8 contains many full-color reproductions of Geisel's private, previously unpublished artwork.
• Dr. Seuss Goes to War: The World War II Editorial Cartoons of Theodor Seuss Geisel, a selection with commentary by Richard Minnear, New Press (2001) ISBN 1-56584-704-0
• The Gospel According to Dr. Seuss. James W. Kemp. Judson Press (2004) ISBN 0817014578
• Oh, the Places He Went, a story about Dr. Seuss by Maryann Weidt, Carolrhoda Books (1995) ISBN 0-87614-627-2
• The Seuss, the Whole Seuss and Nothing But the Seuss: A Visual Biography of Theodor Seuss Geisel by Charles Cohen, Random House Books for Young Readers (2004) ISBN 0-375-82248-8
• Dr. Seuss: American Icon by Philip Nel, Continuum Publishing (2004) ISBN 0-8264-1434-6
• The Tough Coughs as he Ploughs the Dough: Early Writings and Cartoons by Dr. Seuss, edited and with an introduction by Richard Marshall (also includes autobiographical material); ISBN 0-688-06548-1

External links

• Random House. 2007. http://www.seussville.com/ Seussville site. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• University of California, San Diego http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/testing/html/mss0230a.html The Register of Dr. Seuss Collection 1919 - 2003. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• University of California, San Diego http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dsads/index.shtml The Advertising Artwork of Dr. Seuss. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• University of California, San Diego. http://orpheus.ucsd.edu/speccoll/dspolitic/ The complete Dr. Seuss editorial cartoons. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• Dr. Seuss at the Internet Movie Database. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• Nel, Phillip. 2003-2005. http://www.ksu.edu/english/nelp/seuss/ Dr. Seuss on the web. February 21, 2007.
• Kidsreads.com. 2007.http://www.kidsreads.com/features/010221-seuss/seuss-timeline.asp Dr. Seuss timeline. Retrieved February 21, 2007.
• Varadarajan, Tunku. 2006. http://www.opinionjournal.com/la/?id=110007816 The Wall Street Journal.com - Uncle Sam, I Am. Retrieved February 21, 2007.

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