Difference between revisions of "Abd-el-latif" - New World Encyclopedia
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'''Abd-al-latif''', '''Abd-el-latif''' or '''Abd-ul-Latif''' (1162 – 1231), also known as '''al-Baghdadi''' ([[Arabic]],'''عبداللطيف البغدادي'''), born in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], was a celebrated [[Islamic medicine|physician]], [[Historiography of early Islam|historian]], [[Egyptologist]]. and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the [[Near East]] in his time. | '''Abd-al-latif''', '''Abd-el-latif''' or '''Abd-ul-Latif''' (1162 – 1231), also known as '''al-Baghdadi''' ([[Arabic]],'''عبداللطيف البغدادي'''), born in [[Baghdad]], [[Iraq]], was a celebrated [[Islamic medicine|physician]], [[Historiography of early Islam|historian]], [[Egyptologist]]. and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the [[Near East]] in his time. | ||
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===Egyptology=== | ===Egyptology=== | ||
| − | This work was one of the earliest works on [[Egyptology]]. It contains a vivid description of a [[famine]] caused, during the author's residence in Egypt, by the [[Nile]] failing to overflow its banks. He also wrote detailed descriptions on [[Ancient Egyptian architecture|ancient Egyptian monuments]].<ref> | + | This work was one of the earliest works on [[Egyptology]]. It contains a vivid description of a [[famine]] caused, during the author's residence in Egypt, by the [[Nile]] failing to overflow its banks. He also wrote detailed descriptions on [[Ancient Egyptian architecture|ancient Egyptian monuments]].<ref>El Daly, Okasha. 2005. ''Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings''. London, UK: University College London. ISBN 1844720632.</ref><ref>[http://www.muslimheritage.com/topics/default.cfm?ArticleID=481 Arabic Study of Ancient Egypt]. Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. Retrieved April 19, 2008.</ref> |
===Autopsy=== | ===Autopsy=== | ||
| − | Al-Baghdadi wrote that during the famine in Egypt in | + | Al-Baghdadi wrote that during the famine in Egypt in 597 AH (1200 C.E.), he had the opportunity to [[observe]] and [[examine]] a large number of [[skeleton]]s. This was one of the earliest examples of a postmortem [[autopsy]], through which he discovered that [[Galen]] was incorrect regarding the formation of the [[bone]]s of the lower [[jaw]] and [[sacrum]].<ref>Savage-Smith, Emilie. 1996. ''Medicine'' in Roshdi Rashed, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science''. 3:903-962. London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0415020638.</ref> |
===Translation=== | ===Translation=== | ||
| − | The Arabic manuscript was discovered in 1665 by [[Edward Pococke]] the [[orientalist]], and preserved in the [[Bodleian Library]]. He then published the Arabic manuscript in the 1680s. His son, Edward Pococke the Younger, translated the work into [[Latin]], though he was only able to publish less than half of his work. Thomas Hunt attempted to publish Pococke's complete translation in 1746, though his attempt was unsuccessful.<ref>G. J. | + | The Arabic manuscript was discovered in 1665 by [[Edward Pococke]] the [[orientalist]], and preserved in the [[Bodleian Library]]. He then published the Arabic manuscript in the 1680s. His son, Edward Pococke the Younger, translated the work into [[Latin]], though he was only able to publish less than half of his work. Thomas Hunt attempted to publish Pococke's complete translation in 1746, though his attempt was unsuccessful.<ref name=Toomer>Toomer, G. J. 1996. ''Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England''. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198202911.</ref> Pococke's complete Latin translation was eventually published by Professor Joseph White of [[University of Oxford|Oxford]] in 1800. The work was then translated into [[French language|French]], with valuable notes, by [[Silvestre de Sacy]] in 1810.<ref name=Toomer/> |
==Medical works== | ==Medical works== | ||
===''Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb''=== | ===''Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb''=== | ||
| − | Al-Baghdadi's ''Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb'' was one of the earliest works on [[hirudotherapy]]. He introduced a more modern use for [[medicinal leech]], stating that leech could be used for cleaning the [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] after [[Surgery|surgical]] operations. He did, however, understand that there is a risk over using [[leech]], and advised patients that leech need to be cleaned before being used and that the dirt or dust "clinging to a leech should be wiped off" before application. He further writes that after the leech has sucked out the blood, [[salt]] should be "sprinkled on the affected part of the human body."<ref> | + | Al-Baghdadi's ''Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb'' was one of the earliest works on [[hirudotherapy]]. He introduced a more modern use for [[medicinal leech]], stating that leech could be used for cleaning the [[Tissue (biology)|tissues]] after [[Surgery|surgical]] operations. He did, however, understand that there is a risk over using [[leech]], and advised patients that leech need to be cleaned before being used and that the dirt or dust "clinging to a leech should be wiped off" before application. He further writes that after the leech has sucked out the blood, [[salt]] should be "sprinkled on the affected part of the human body."<ref>Deuraseh, Nurdeen. 2004. Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational. ''Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine''. 3:14-20:18.</ref> |
===''Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet''=== | ===''Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet''=== | ||
| − | He wrote a book called ''Al-Tibb min al-Kitab wa-al-Sunna'' ''(Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet)'' describing the [[Islamic medicine|Islamic medical]] practices from the time of [[Muhammad]].<ref name=Prophet> | + | He wrote a book called ''Al-Tibb min al-Kitab wa-al-Sunna'' ''(Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet)'' describing the [[Islamic medicine|Islamic medical]] practices from the time of [[Muhammad]].<ref name=Prophet>Varisco, Daniel Martin. 1994. [http://tabsir.net/?p=211 The Prophet’s Medicine: Part One]. "The Prophet's Medicine," Tabsir.net. Retrieved April 18 2008</ref> |
===Diabetes=== | ===Diabetes=== | ||
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Revision as of 17:42, 19 April 2008
Abd-al-latif, Abd-el-latif or Abd-ul-Latif (1162 – 1231), also known as al-Baghdadi (Arabic,عبداللطيف البغدادي), born in Baghdad, Iraq, was a celebrated physician, historian, Egyptologist. and traveller, and one of the most voluminous writers of the Near East in his time.
Biography
An interesting memoir of Abdallatif, written by himself, has been preserved with additions by Ibn Abu-Osaiba (Ibn abi Usaibia), a contemporary. From that work we learn that the higher education of the youth of Baghdad consisted principally in a minute and careful study of the rules and principles of grammar, and in their committing to memory the whole of the Qur'an, a treatise or two on philology and jurisprudence, and the choicest Arabic poetry.
After attaining to great proficiency in that kind of learning, Abdallatif applied himself to natural philosophy and medicine. To enjoy the society of the learned, he went first to Mosul (1189), and afterwards to Damascus. With letters of recommendation from Saladin's vizier, he visited Egypt, where he realized his wish to converse with Maimonides, the Eagle of the Doctors.
He afterwards formed one of the circles of learned men whom Saladin gathered around him at Jerusalem. He taught medicine and philosophy at Cairo and at Damascus for a number of years, and afterwards, for a shorter period, at Aleppo.
His love of travel led him to visit different parts of Armenia and Asia Minor in his old age. Also, he was in the process of setting out on a pilgrimage to Mecca when he died at Baghdad.
Account of Egypt
Abdallatif was undoubtedly a man of great knowledge and of an inquisitive and penetrating mind. Of the numerous works (mostly on medicine) which Osaiba ascribes to him, one only, his graphic and detailed Account of Egypt (in two parts), appears to be known in Europe.
Egyptology
This work was one of the earliest works on Egyptology. It contains a vivid description of a famine caused, during the author's residence in Egypt, by the Nile failing to overflow its banks. He also wrote detailed descriptions on ancient Egyptian monuments.[1][2]
Autopsy
Al-Baghdadi wrote that during the famine in Egypt in 597 AH (1200 C.E.), he had the opportunity to observe and examine a large number of skeletons. This was one of the earliest examples of a postmortem autopsy, through which he discovered that Galen was incorrect regarding the formation of the bones of the lower jaw and sacrum.[3]
Translation
The Arabic manuscript was discovered in 1665 by Edward Pococke the orientalist, and preserved in the Bodleian Library. He then published the Arabic manuscript in the 1680s. His son, Edward Pococke the Younger, translated the work into Latin, though he was only able to publish less than half of his work. Thomas Hunt attempted to publish Pococke's complete translation in 1746, though his attempt was unsuccessful.[4] Pococke's complete Latin translation was eventually published by Professor Joseph White of Oxford in 1800. The work was then translated into French, with valuable notes, by Silvestre de Sacy in 1810.[4]
Medical works
Al-Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb
Al-Baghdadi's Mukhtarat fi al-Tibb was one of the earliest works on hirudotherapy. He introduced a more modern use for medicinal leech, stating that leech could be used for cleaning the tissues after surgical operations. He did, however, understand that there is a risk over using leech, and advised patients that leech need to be cleaned before being used and that the dirt or dust "clinging to a leech should be wiped off" before application. He further writes that after the leech has sucked out the blood, salt should be "sprinkled on the affected part of the human body."[5]
Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet
He wrote a book called Al-Tibb min al-Kitab wa-al-Sunna (Medicine from the Book and the Life of the Prophet) describing the Islamic medical practices from the time of Muhammad.[6]
Diabetes
Al-Baghdadi was also the author of a major book dealing with diabetes.[6]
Notes
- ↑ El Daly, Okasha. 2005. Egyptology: The Missing Millennium: Ancient Egypt in Medieval Arabic Writings. London, UK: University College London. ISBN 1844720632.
- ↑ Arabic Study of Ancient Egypt. Foundation for Science Technology and Civilisation. Retrieved April 19, 2008.
- ↑ Savage-Smith, Emilie. 1996. Medicine in Roshdi Rashed, ed. Encyclopedia of the History of Arabic Science. 3:903-962. London, UK: Routledge. ISBN 0415020638.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Toomer, G. J. 1996. Eastern Wisedome and Learning: The Study of Arabic in Seventeenth-Century England. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0198202911.
- ↑ Deuraseh, Nurdeen. 2004. Ahadith of the Prophet (s.a.w) on Healing in Three Things (al-Shifa’ fi Thalatha): An Interpretational. Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. 3:14-20:18.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Varisco, Daniel Martin. 1994. The Prophet’s Medicine: Part One. "The Prophet's Medicine," Tabsir.net. Retrieved April 18 2008
ReferencesISBN links support NWE through referral fees
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
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