Mary Pickford

Mary Pickford
Mary Pickford in the 1920s
Birth name:	Gladys Louise Smith
Date of birth:	April 8, 1892
Birth location:	Toronto, Canada
Date of death:	May 29, 1979
Death location:	Santa Monica, California
Height:	1.54 m (5'0")
Other name(s):	"America's Sweetheart," "The Girl With The Curls"
Academy Awards:	Best Actress 1929 Coquette 1976 Honorary Award
Spouse:	Owen Moore Douglas Fairbanks Charles "Buddy" Rogers

Mary Pickford (April 8, 1892 – May 29, 1979) was an Oscar-winning Canadian motion picture star and co-founder of United Artists in 1919. She was known as "America's Sweetheart," "Little Mary" and "the girl with the golden curls." She was one of the first Canadian pioneers in early Hollywood and one of film's greatest pioneers. She was an outstanding influence in the development of film acting. Because her international fame was triggered by moving images, she is a watershed figure in the history of modern celebrity. As one of silent film's most important performers and producers, her contract demands were central to shaping the Hollywood industry.

The American Film Institute named Pickford among the greatest female stars of all time (AFI's 100 Years... 100 Stars).

Early life

Mary Pickford was born Gladys Louise Smith in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Her father, John Charles Smith, was the son of British Methodist immigrants, and worked a variety of odd jobs. Her mother, Charlotte Hennessy, was from an Irish Catholic family. She had two younger siblings, Jack and Lottie Pickford, who would also become actors. To please the relatives, Pickford's mother baptized Gladys in both the Methodist and Catholic churches (and used the opportunity to change her middle name to "Marie"). Gladys was raised Roman Catholic after Gladys's father, an alcoholic, left his family in 1895, and died three years later of a cerebral hemorrhage. Charlotte, who had worked as a seamstress throughout the separation, began taking in boarders. Through one of these lodgers, Gladys, aged seven, gained a part at Toronto's Princess Theatre in a stock company production, The Silver King. She subsequently played in many melodramas at the Princess Theatre in Toronto.

Career

Acting soon became a family enterprise, as Charlotte, Gladys, and her two younger siblings Jack and Lottie, toured the United States by rail in rag-tag melodramas. After six impoverished years of touring, Gladys gave herself a single summer to land a leading role on Broadway (she planned to quit acting if she failed). She landed a supporting role in a 1907 Broadway play, The Warrens of Virginia. The play was written by William C. deMille, whose brother, the then-unknown Cecil B. DeMille also appeared in the cast. David Belasco, the producer of the play, insisted that Gladys Smith assume the stage name Mary Pickford. After completing the Broadway run and touring the play, however, Pickford was once again out of work.

Pickford gives President Herbert Hoover a ticket for a film industry benefit for the unemployed, November 12, 1931.

On April 19, 1909, the Biograph Company director D. W. Griffith screen-tested her at the company's New York studio for a role in the nickelodeon film Pippa Passes. The role went to someone else, but Griffith was immediately taken with Pickford, who instinctively grasped that movie acting was simpler and more intimate than the stylized stage acting of the day. Within a few days, Griffith agreed to pay her an astronomical $10 a day against a guarantee of $40 a week. ("Keep it to yourself," he advised her. "There will be a riot if it leaks out." (Most Biograph actors earned $5 a day.) Like everyone at Biograph, Pickford played both bit parts and leading roles, showing a huge emotional range as mothers, ingenues, spurned women, spitfires, slaveys, native Americans, and even a prostitute. As Pickford said of her whirlwind success at Biograph: "I played scrubwomen and secretaries and women of all nationalities. I got what no one else wanted and I took anything that came my way because I decided that if I could get into as many pictures as possible, I'd become known, and there would be a demand for my work." In 1909, Pickford appeared in 51 films - almost one a week. Her charisma, range, and comic blend of sweetness and temper made her not only Biograph's most important player, but the most popular star of the nickelodeon era.

In January 1910 she traveled with a Biograph crew to Los Angeles. Many other companies wintered on the west coast, escaping the weak light and short days that hampered winter shooting in the east. Pickford added to her 1909 Biographs ("Sweet and Twenty," 'They Would Elope," and "To Save Her Soul," to name a few) with films from California. Like the other players in Griffith's company, her name was not listed in the credits, but Pickford had been noticed by audiences within weeks of her first film appearance. In turn, exhibitors capitalized on her popularity by advertising on sandwich boards outside their nickelodeons that a film with "The Girl with the Golden Curls," "Blondilocks" or "The Biograph Girl" was inside. Pickford left Biograph in December, 1910, and spent 1911 with the Independent Motion Picture Company (later Universal) and Majestic. Unhappy with their creative standards, she returned to work with Griffith in 1912. Uncertain if her future lay in film or theater, she made her last Biograph, The New York Hat, then starred on Broadway in the David Belasco production of A Good Little Devil. The experience was the major turning point in her career because Pickford, who had always hoped to conquer the Broadway stage, discovered she missed movie acting acutely, and in 1913 decided to turn her energies exclusively toward film. In the same year, Adolph Zukor formed Famous Players in Famous Plays (later Paramount), one of the first American feature film companies. Pickford left the stage to join his roster of stars. She instantly attracted a fanatical following, appearing in such comedy-dramas as In the Bishop's Carriage (1913) and Hearts Adrift (1914). Her appearance as a tomboyish guttersnipe in 1914's Tess of the Storm Country sent her fame into the stratosphere. Pickford's effect in this and similar roles was summed up by Photoplay magazine: "luminous tenderness in a steel band of gutter ferocity."

Pickford remained Hollywood's biggest female star throughout the silent era, earning the right not only to act in her own movies, but to produce them and (through the creation of United Artists) control their distribution. She was also the first female actor to receive more than a million dollars per year. Pickford starred in 52 features. The arrival of sound, however, was her undoing. She played a reckless socialite in Coquette (1929), a role for which she cut her famous hair into a 1920s bob. Pickford's hair had become a symbol of female virtue, and cutting it was front-page news in The New York Times and other papers. But Pickford meant to signal the public that her long-standing image had been put to rest. Unfortunately, though she won the Academy Award for Coquette, the public failed to respond to her work in roles that reflected her own age. (In the silents, Pickford played adolescents and women in their early twenties, with a celebrated sideline in children's roles.) Then in her forties, Pickford was unable to play the teenage spitfires so adored by her silent-film fans; nor could she play the soigne heroines of early sound. She retired from acting in 1933, though she continued to produce films for others, including Sleep My Love (1948), an update of Gaslight with Claudette Colbert.

Marriages

Pickford was married three times. She first married Owen Moore (1886-1939), an Irish-born silent-film actor, on January 7, 1911. It is believed she became pregnant by Moore in the early 1910s, but had a miscarriage or an abortion. The couple had numerous marital problems, notably Moore's alcoholism and insecurity about living in the shadow of Pickford's fame, which he expressed by abusing his wife. The couple lived apart for several years, and Pickford became secretly involved in a relationship with Douglas Fairbanks, a personable former Broadway actor whose rising stardom in Hollywood sprang from a series of light, satiric comedies between 1916 and 1920.

Pickford and Fairbanks' romance was well along by the time they toured the US in 1918 in support of Liberty Bond sales for the World War I effort, and the phrase "by the clock" became a secret message of their love. (Once during their courtship, Fairbanks was discussing his mother's recent death as the couple was driving. When he finished the story, the car clock stopped. The pair took this as a signal that Fairbanks' late mother approved of their relationship.)

Pickford finally divorced Moore on March 2, 1920, and married Fairbanks on March 28 of the same year. The tone of their European honeymoon was set by a riot in London as fans tried to touch Pickford's hair and clothes (she was dragged from her car and badly trampled). In Paris, a similar riot erupted at an outdoor market, with Pickford pulled to safety through an open window. The couple's triumphant return to Hollywood was witnessed by vast crowds who turned out to hail them at railway stations across the United States.

The Mark of Zorro (1920) and a series of other spectacular swashbucklers gave the popular Fairbanks a more romantic, heroic image, and Pickford continued to epitomise the spunky girl next door. Together, they seemed to be the ultimate symbols of optimistic American values. Even at private parties, people instinctively stood up when Pickford entered a room; she and her husband were often referred to as "Hollywood royalty." European heads of state and dignitaries visited the White House, then asked to visit Pickfair, the couple's mansion in Beverly Hills.

Dinners at Pickfair were legendary; guests included George Bernard Shaw, Albert Einstein, Elinor Glyn, Helen Keller, H. G. Wells, Lord Mountbatten, Fritz Kreisler, Amelia Earhart, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Noel Coward, Max Reinhardt, Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Austin Chamberlain and Sir Harry Lauder. Lauder's nephew, Matt C. Lauder Jr., a professional golfer who owned a property near Pasadena, California, taught Fairbanks to play golf. Pickford and Fairbanks were the first actors to leave their hand-prints in the courtyard cement at Grauman's Chinese Theatre (Pickford also left her footprints). Nonetheless, the public nature of Pickford's second marriage strained it to the breaking point. Both she and Fairbanks had little time off from producing and acting in their films. When they weren't acting or attending to United Artists, they were constantly on display as America's unofficial ambassadors to the world — leading parades, cutting ribbons, making speeches.

The pressures increased when their film careers both began to founder at the end of the silent era, and Fairbanks' restless nature found an outlet in almost-constant overseas travel (something which Pickford did not enjoy). The relationship was fatally damaged when Fairbanks' romance with England's Lady Sylvia Ashley became public in the early 1930s. This led to a long separation and a final divorce on January 10, 1936. Fairbanks' son by his first wife, Douglas Fairbanks Jr., claimed that his father and Pickford regretted their inability to reconcile for the rest of their lives.

On June 24, 1937, Mary Pickford married her last husband, actor and band leader Charles 'Buddy' Rogers. They adopted two children, Roxanne (born 1944, adopted 1944) and Ronald Charles (born 1937, adopted 1943, a.k.a. Ron Pickford Rogers). As a PBS "American Experience" documentary noted, Pickford's relationship with her children was tense, and actress eventually "became critical of their physical imperfections, including Ronnie's small stature and Roxanne's crooked teeth. Both children would later remark that their mother was too self-interested to provide genuine maternal love." In 2003, Ronnie recalled that "Things didn't work out that much. You know. But I'll never forget her. I think that she was a good woman." [1].

Pickford probably had no real idea of how to parent children. As a child, she felt a wild allegiance to her widowed mother (who she freely admitted she worshipped) and, by age seven, felt the need to "take my father's place in some mysterious way, and prevent anything from breaking up my family" (Sunshine and Shadow: An Autobiography, p. 46). The result, as her brother Jack observed, was that Pickford grew up much too early; she may have been the family breadwinner and her mother's confidante, but she "never learned to play." As a parent, Pickford had little concept of how an ordinary family functioned, and how to give Ronald and Roxanne a normal childhood.

Pickford also adopted at a time of personal loss and collapse. Though she married Rogers and took on various producing projects, the decimation of silent film had erased her artistic life, damaged her public stature, but erased her artistic life and ruined her self-esteem. In addition, she still hadn't recovered from a series of personal losses: her mother Charlotte in March 1928 (to breast cancer); her brother Jack in 1933 and sister Lottie in 1936 (each due to general dissipation), and Douglas Fairbanks in 1939 (a stroke). Fairbanks was still the love of Pickford's life, and upon hearing of his death, she reportedly began to weep in front of her new husband, Rogers, saying "My darling is gone." (Pickford always insisted she was careful not to let Rogers see her cry.) Her panacea, alcohol, may have eased the pain of these events, but it did not help her meet the challenge of reinventing her image and career — or of parenting adopted children.

Ronald and Roxanne each left Pickfair when they were of age. Pickford and Rogers, on the other hand, stayed together for over four decades until Pickford's death from a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 87.

Founding of United Artists

Pickford used her stature in the movie industry to promote a variety of causes. During World War I, she was the most prominent film star to promote the sale of Liberty Bonds, an exhausting series of fund-raising speeches that kicked off in Washington, D.C., where she sold bonds alongside Charles Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, and Marie Dressler. Five days later she spoke on Wall Street to an estimated 50,000 people. Though Canadian-born, she was a powerful symbol of Americana, kissing the American flag for cameras and auctioning one of her world-famous curls for $15,000. In a single speech in Chicago she sold an estimated five million dollars' worth of bonds. She was christened the U.S. Navy's official "Little Sister"; the army named two cannons after her and made her an honorary colonel.

At the end of World War I, Pickford conceived of the Motion Picture Relief Fund, an organization to help financially needy actors. Leftover funds from her work selling Liberty Bonds were put toward its creation, and in 1921, the Motion Picture Relief Fund (MPRF) was officially incorporated with Joseph Schenck voted its first president and Mary Pickford as its vice president. In 1932, Pickford spearheaded the "Payroll Pledge Program," a payroll deduction plan for studio workers who gave one-half of one percent of their earnings to the MPRF. As a result, in 1940 the Fund was able to purchase the land and build the Motion Picture Country House and Hospital.

But Pickford's most profound influence (beyond her acting) was to help re-shape the film industry itself. When she entered features, Hollywood believed that the movies' future lay in reproducing Broadway plays for a mass audience. Pickford, who entered feature film with two Broadway credits but a far greater following among fans of nickelodeon flickers, became the world's most popular actor in a matter of months. In response to her astonishing popularity, Hollywood re-thought its vision of features as "canned theatre," and focussed instead on actors and material that were uniquely suited to film, not the footlights.

An astute businesswoman, Pickford became her own producer within three years of her start in features. According to her Foundation, "she oversaw every aspect of the making of her films, from hiring talent and crew to overseeing the script, the shooting, the editing, to the final release and promotion of each project." Pickford first demanded (and received) these powers in 1916, when she was under contract to Adolph Zukor's Famous Players in Famous Plays (later Paramount). He also acquiesced to her refusal to participate in block-booking, the widespread practice of forcing an exhibitor to show a bad film of the studio's choosing in order to also show a Pickford film. In 1916, Pickford's films were distributed, singly, through a special distribution unit called Artcraft.

File:Mary Pickford Secrets.jpg

Pickford in her final movie Secrets 1933

In 1919, she increased her power by co-founding United Artists (UA) with Charlie Chaplin, D. W. Griffith, and her (at the time) soon-to-be husband, Douglas Fairbanks. At that time, the Hollywood studios were vertically integrated, not only producing films but forming chains of theatres in which to show them. Filmmakers relied on the studios for bookings; in return they put up with what many considered creative interference. United Artists did not produce films; it was solely a distribution company, offering independent film producers access to its own screens as well as the rental of temporarily unbooked cinemas owned by other companies. Pickford and Fairbanks produced and shot their films after 1920 at the jointly-owned Pickford-Fairbanks studio on Santa Monica Boulevard. The producers who signed with UA were true independents, producing, creating and controlling their work to an unprecedented degree. As a co-founder, as well as the producer and star of her own films, Pickford became the most powerful woman who has ever worked in Hollywood.

When she retired from acting in 1933, Pickford continued to produce films for United Artists, and she and Charlie Chaplin remained partners in the company for decades. Chaplin left the company in 1955, and Pickford followed suit in 1956, selling her remaining shares for three million dollars.

Later years

After retiring from the screen, Pickford developed alcoholism, the addiction that had afflicted her father. Other alcoholics in the family included her first husband, Owen Moore; her mother Charlotte; and her younger siblings, Lottie and Jack. Charlotte died of cancer in March 1928. Within a few years, Lottie and Jack died of alcohol-related causes. These deaths, her divorce from Fairbanks, and the end of silent films left Pickford deeply depressed. Her relationship to her adopted children, Roxanne and Ronald, was turbulent at best, and each left Pickfair at an early age. Gradually, Pickford became a recluse, remaining almost entirely at Pickfair, allowing visits only from Lillian Gish, her stepson Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., and a few select others. In the mid-1960s, she often received visitors only by telephone, speaking to them from her bedroom. Buddy Rogers often gave guests tours of Pickfair, including views of a genuine western bar she had bought for Douglas Fairbanks, and a portrait of Pickford in the drawing room. Painted at the height of her fame, it emphasizes her girlish beauty and spun-gold curls. A print of this image now hangs in the Library of Congress.

The "Pickford Center for Motion Picture Study" at 1313 Vine Street in Hollywood, constructed by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, opened in 1948 as a radio and television studio facility. The "Mary Pickford Theater" at the Library of Congress is named in her honor.

In addition to her Oscar as best actress for Coquette (1929), Mary Pickford in 1976 received an Academy Honorary Award for a lifetime of achievements. The Academy sent a TV crew to her house to record her short statement of thanks upon acceptance of the award. Her frail, doll-like appearance and her nearly unintelligible speech shocked viewers, some of whom still remembered the vital, take-charge character Pickford played in silent features.

Before her death, Pickford petitioned the Canadian government to restore her Canadian citizenship which she believed had been lost when she became a U.S. citizen on her marriage to Fairbanks in 1920. Due to the byzantine immigration laws of the 1920s, the Canadian government wasn't sure she had ever lost her citizenship. Nevertheless, they officially declared her to be a Canadian. As a result, long before it became fashionable to do so, Pickford became a dual citizen. She died on May 29, 1979, at the age of 87, and was buried in the Garden of Memory of the Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California. Buried alongside her in the Pickford private family plot are her mother Charlotte, her siblings Lottie and Jack Pickford and the family of Elizabeth Watson, Charlotte's sister, who had helped raise Mary in Toronto.

Mary Pickford received a posthumous star on Canada's Walk of Fame in Toronto in 1999. In 2006, along with fellow deceased Canadian stars Fay Wray, Lorne Greene and John Candy, Pickford was featured on a Canadian postage stamp. [2]

Filmography

One Reels

The Violin Maker of Cremona. June 7, 1909. The Lonely Villa. June 10, 1909. The Son's Return. June 14, 1909. Faded Lilies. June 14, 1909. Her First Biscuits. June 17, 1909. The Peach-Basket Hat. June 24, 1909. The Way of Man. June 28, 1909. The Necklace. July 1, 1909. The Country Doctor. July 8, 1909. The Cardinal's Conspiracy. July 12, 1909. The Renunciation. July 19, 1909. Sweet and Twenty. July 22, 1909. The Slave. July 29, 1909. A Strange Meeting. August 2, 1909. They Would Elope. August 9, 1909. His Wife's Visitor. August 19, 1909. The Indian Runner's Romance. August 23, 1909. Oh, Uncle! August 26, 1909. The Seventh Day. August 26, 1909. The Little Darling. September 2, 1909. The Sealed Room. September 2, 1909. 1776 or The Hessian Renegades. September 6, 1909. Getting Even. September 13, 1909. The Broken Locket. September 16, 1909. In Old Kentucky. September 20, 1909. The Awakening. September 30, 1909. The Little Teacher. October 11, 1909. His Lost Love. October 18, 1909. In the Watches of the Night. October 25, 1909. What's Your Hurry? November 1, 1909. The Gibson Goddess. November 2, 1909. The Restoration. November 8, 1909. The Light That Came. November 11, 1909. A Midnight Adventure. November 18, 1909. The Mountaineer's Honor. November 25, 1909. The Trick That Failed. November 29, 1909. The Test. December 16, 1909. To Save Her Soul. December 27, 1909. All on Account of the Milk. January 15, 1910. The Woman From Mellon's. February 3, 1910. The Englishman and the Girl. February 17, 1910. The Newlyweds. March 3, 1910. The Thread of Destiny. March 7, 1910. The Twisted Trail. March 24, 1910. The Smoker. March 31, 1910. As It Is In Life. April 4, 1910. A Rich Revenge. April 7, 1910. A Romance of the Western Hills. April 11, 1910. The Unchanging Sea. May 5, 1910. Love Among the Roses. May 9, 1910. The Two Brothers. May 14, 1910. Ramona May 23, 1910. In the Season of Buds. June 2, 1910. A Victim of Jealousy. June 9, 1910. A Child's Impulse. June 27, 1910. May and December. June 30, 1910. Muggsy's First Sweetheart. June 30, 1910. Never Again! June 30, 1910. What the Daisy Said. July 11, 1910. The Call to Arms. July 25, 1910. An Arcadian Maid. August 1, 1910. When We Were In Our 'Teens. August 15, 1910. The Sorrows of the Unfaithful. August 22, 1910. Wilful Peggy. August 25, 1910. Muggsy Becomes a Hero. September 1, 1910. A Gold Necklace. October 6, 1910. The Masher. October 13, 1910. A Lucky Toothache. October 14, 1910. Waiter No. 5. November 5, 1910. Simple Charity. November 14, 1910.

Song of the Wildwood Flute. November 21, 1910. A Plain Song. November 28, 1910. White Roses. December 22, 1910. When A Man Loves. January 5, 1911. The Italian Barber. January 9, 1911. Three Sisters. February 2, 1911. A Decree of Destiny. March 6, 1911. Their First Misunderstanding. January 9, 1911. The Dream. January 23, 1911. Maid or Man. January 30, 1911. At the Duke's Command. February 6, 1911. The Mirror. February 9, 1911. While The Cat's Away. February 9, 1911. Her Darkest Hour. February 13, 1911. Artful Kate. February 23, 1911. A Manly Man. February 27, 1911. The Message in the Bottle. March 9, 1911. The Fisher-Maid. March 16, 1911. In Old Madrid. March 20, 1911. Sweet Memories. March 27, 1911. The Stampede. April 17, 1911. Second Sight. May 1, 1911. The Fair Dentist. May 8, 1911. For Her Brother's Sake. May 11, 1911. The Master and the Man. May 15, 1911. The Lighthouse Keeper. May 18, 1911. Back to the Soil. June 8, 1911. In the Sultan's Garden. July 3, 1911. For the Queen's Honor. July 6, 1911. A Gasoline Engagement. July 10, 1911. At a Quarter of Two. July 13, 1911. Science. July 24, 1911. The Skating Bug. July 31, 1911. The Call of the Song. August 13, 1911. The Toss of a Coin. August 31, 1911. 'Tween Two Loves. September 28, 1911. The Rose's Story. October 2, 1911. The Sentinel Asleep. October 9, 1911. The Better Way. October 12, 1911. His Dress Shirt. October 30, 1911. From the Bottom of the Sea. November 20, 1911. The Courting of Mary. November 26, 1911. Love Heeds Not the Showers. December 3, 1911. Little Red Riding Hood. December 17, 1911. The Caddy's Dream. December 31, 1911. Honor Thy Father. February 9, 1912. The Mender of Nets. February 15, 1912. Iola's Promise. March 14, 1912. Fate's Interception. April 8, 1912. The Female of the Species. April 15, 1912. Just Like a Woman. April 18, 1912. Won By a Fish. April 22, 1912. The Old Actor. May 6, 1912. A Lodging for the Night. May 9, 1912. A Beast at Bay. May 27, 1912. Home Folks. June 6, 1912. Lena and the Geese. June 17, 1912. The School Teacher and the Waif. June 27, 1912. An Indian Summer. July 8, 1912. The Narrow Road. August 1, 1912. The Inner Circle. August 12, 1912. With the Enemy's Help. August 19, 1912. A Pueblo Legend. August 29, 1912. Friends. September 23, 1912. So Near, Yet So Far. September 30, 1912. A Feud in the Kentucky Hills. October 3, 1912. The One She Loved. October 21, 1912. My Baby. November 14, 1912. The Informer. November 21, 1912. The New York Hat. December 6, 1912. The Unwelcome Guest. March 15, 1913.

Feature Length

In the Bishop's Carriage. September 10, 1913. Caprice. November 10, 1913. Hearts Adrift. February 10, 1914. A Good Little Devil. March 1, 1914. Tess of the Storm Country. March 30, 1914. The Eagle's Mate. July 1, 1914. Such a Little Queen. September 21, 1914. Behind the Scenes. August 26, 1914. Cinderella. December 28, 1914. Mistress Nell. February 1, 1915. Fanchon, The Cricket. May 10, 1915. The Dawn of a Tomorrow. June 7, 1915. Little Pal. July 1, 1915. Rags. August 2, 1915. Esmeralda. September 6, 1915. A Girl of Yesterday. October 7, 1915. Madame Butterfly. November 8, 1915. The Foundling. January 2, 1916. Poor Little Peppina. March 2, 1916. The Eternal Grind. April 17, 1916. Hulda From Holland. July 31, 1916. Less Than the Dust. November 2, 1916. The Pride of the Clan. January 8, 1917. The Poor Little Rich Girl. March 5, 1917.

A Romance of the Redwoods. May 14, 1917. The Little American. July 2, 1917. Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm. September 3, 1917. The Little Princess. November 12, 1917. Stella Maris. January 21, 1918. Amarilly of Clothes-line Alley. March 10, 1918. M'Liss. May 12, 1918. How Could You, Jean? June 23, 1918. Johanna Enlists 5 reels. September 15, 1918. Captain Kidd, Jr. April 21, 1919. Daddy-Long-Legs. May 12, 1919. The Hoodlum. September 1, 1919. The Heart o' the Hills. December 1, 1919. Pollyanna. January 18, 1920. Suds. June 27, 1920. The Love Light. January 9, 1921. Through the Back Door. May 17, 1921. Little Lord Fauntleroy. September 16, 1921. Tess of the Storm Country. November 12, 1922. Rosita. September 3, 1923. Dorothy Vernon of Haddon Hall. May 25, 1924. Little Annie Rooney. September 18, 1925. Sparrows. September 26, 1926. My Best Girl. November 13, 1927.

Talkies

49. Coquette. March 30, 1929.
50. The Taming of the Shrew. October 26, 1929.
51. Kiki. March 14, 1931.
52. Secrets. March 16, 1933.

Awards
Preceded by: Janet Gaynor for Seventh Heaven, Street Angel and Sunrise	Academy Award for Best Actress 1929 for Coquette	Succeeded by: Norma Shearer for The Divorcee

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Whitfield, Eileen Pickford: The Woman Who Made Hollywood University Press of Kentucky (1997) ISBN 0-8131-2045-4 (Highly recommended by the Library Journal who described it as the definitive Pickford biography.)
• Whitman, Alden, "Mary Pickford is Dead at 86; America's Sweetheart of Films," The New York Times, 30 May 1979, page A1.

External links

• "Mary Pickford", IMDb, Retrieved April 5, 2007.
• "Mary Pickford", Golden Silents, Retrieved April 5, 2007.
• "Mary Pickford Photo Galleries", Silent Ladies and Gents, Retrieved April 5, 2007.
• "About Mary Pickford", The Mary Pickford Institute for Film Education, Retrieved April 5, 2007.
• "Mary Pickford", American Experience, Retrieved April 5, 2007.
• "Mary Pickford", Virtual History, Retrieved April 5, 2007.

Credits

New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:

• Mary Pickford  ^history

The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:

• History of "Mary Pickford"

Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.