The Beach Boys

The Beach Boys
Origin	Hawthorne, California, USA
Genre(s)	Rock and Roll, Surf rock, Psychedelic rock, Baroque pop, Sunshine pop
Years active	1961–present
Label(s)	Capitol Brother Reprise Caribou
Website	thebeachboys.com
Members
Al Jardine Bruce Johnston Mike Love Brian Wilson
Former members
Carl Wilson Dennis Wilson David Marks Ricky Fataar Blondie Chaplin Glen Campbell

The Beach Boys are one of the most successful American rock and roll bands. Formed in 1961, the group gained popularity for its close vocal harmonies and lyrics reflecting the California youth culture of surfing, youthful romance, and cars. Band leader Brian Wilson's growing creative ambitions later transformed the group into a more artistically innovative group that earned critical praise and influenced many later musicians.

The group initially comprised singer-musician-composer Brian Wilson, his brothers, Carl and Dennis, their cousin Mike Love, and friend Al Jardine. This core quintet, along with early member David Marks and later bandmate Bruce Johnston, were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988. They have had 36 U.S. Top 40 hits, the most of any U.S. rock band, and 56 Hot 100 hits, including four number one singles.

History

Formative years

In his teenage years in Inglewood, California, Brian Wilson watched his father, Murry, play piano and listened intently to the harmonies of vocal groups like The Four Freshmen. He and his brothers practiced emulating the close harmonies of these groups. For his sixteenth birthday, Brian received a reel-to-reel tape recorder and learned how to overdub. Listening to band leader Johnny Otis on his KFOX radio show, Brian was inspired by the simple structure and vocals of the rhythm and blues songs he heard, influencing piano-playing style. He also started writing songs, but his new musical interests interfered with his music studies at school. He failed to complete a twelfth-grade piano sonata, but did submit an original composition, called "Surfin'."

After receiving accolades from friends and classmates from early public performances with various groupings the "the Beach Boys sound" began to form in Brian's bedroom, mainly through experiments with his brothers and cousin. Originally called the Pendletones, the Beach Boys soon developed a repertoire that memorialized the California youth culture. Dennis was the only member of the group who actually surfed. It was he who suggested that his brothers compose some songs celebrating the lifestyle which had developed around surfing in Southern California.

On October 3, 1961, the Pendletones recorded 12 takes of "Surfin'," and a small number of singles were pressed. When the boys unpacked the first box of singles, on the Candix Records label, they were surprised and angered to see their band name had been changed to "Beach Boys." Their limited budget meant the labels could not be reprinted.

Released mid-November, 1961, "Surfin'" was soon aired on KFWB and KDAY, two of Los Angeles' most influential radio stations. It was a hit on the west coast, and peaked at number 75 on the national pop charts.

Early career

Murry Wilson effectively seized managerial control of the band without consultation, but Brian acknowledges that Murray "deserves credit for getting us off the ground." Murry, who did not think highly of "Surfin'," saw the band's financial potential and stressed the importance of quickly creating a follow-up hit. The group duly recorded demo versions of four more originals, including "Surfer Girl," "409," and "Surfin' Safari." Although these songs would go on to become major hits, the session ended on a bitter note, as Murry demanded that the Beach Boys record some of his own songs, insisting that "My songs are better than yours."

On July 16, on the strength of the June demo session, the Beach Boys were signed to Capitol Records. By November, their first album was ready, titled Surfin' Safari. Their song output continued along the same commercial line, focusing on California youth lifestyle. The Beach Boys’ early success contributed significantly to the popluarity of surfing worldwide. The group also celebrated the Golden State’s obsession with hot-rod racing ("409," "Little Deuce Coupe") and the pursuit of happiness by carefree teens in less complicated times ("Be True to Your School," "Fun, Fun, Fun," "I Get Around").

The band's early hits made them major pop stars in the United States and other countries, although their status as America's top pop group was usurped in 1964 by the emergence of The Beatles, who became the Beach Boys' major creative rival. Although their music was bright and accessible, these early works belied a sophistication that would emerge more forcefully in the coming years. During this period, Brian Wilson rapidly progressed to become a melodist, arranger, and producer of world-renowned stature.

Difficulties and innovations

Suffering from the stress of a high-profile lifestyle Brian Wilson suffered an anxiety attack while on a flight to Houston on December 23, 1964, and withdrew from the rest of the band's scheduled tour. Shortly afterward, he announced his withdrawal from touring altogether to concentrate entirely on songwriting and record production. Glen Campbell served as Wilson's replacement in concert, until his own career success motivated him to leave the group. Bruce Johnston replaced Campbell and became a full-time member of the touring band and later contributed his talents in the studio as well.

During this time, Brian was able to expand his role as a producer. He also wrote Surf City for Jan & Dean, the Beach Boys' opening act. The Jan & Dean recording hit number one on the U.S. charts in the summer of 1963, a development that pleased Brian but angered Murry, who felt his son had "given away" what should have been the Beach Boys' first chart-topper. A year later, the Beach Boys would notch their own number one single with "I Get Around."

As Wilson's musical efforts became more ambitious, the group relied increasingly on professional session players on tracks such as "I Get Around" and "When I Grow Up (To Be a Man)." "Help Me, Rhonda" became the band's second number 1 single in the spring of 1965. The 1965 album Today! featured less focus on guitars, more emphasis on keyboards and percussion, and increased lyrical maturity.

The Beach Boys followed up their "California Girls," which reached number three in November 1965, with another top 20 single, "The Little Girl I Once Knew," considered to be the band's most experimental statement to date. It was only the band's second single not to reach the top ten since their 1963 breakthrough. Later that year they would score a number two hit with the single "Barbara Ann," released in December. It is one of their most recognized songs and has become legendary over the years, due to its catchy bass vocal "hook."

Pet Sounds

Wilson's growing mastery of the recording studio and his increasingly sophisticated arrangements would reach a creative peak with the acclaimed LP Pet Sounds (1966). The tracks "Wouldn't It Be Nice" and "God Only Knows," showcased Wilson's growing mastery as a composer, arranger and producer.

The album's meticulously layered harmonies and inventive instrumentation set a new standard for popular music and is still widely regarded as a classic of the rock era. Among other accolades, Paul McCartney has named it one of his favorite albums of all time (with "God Only Knows" as his favorite song). McCartney has also said that it was a major influence on the Beatles' album, Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band, while Wilson has likewise indicated that he was inspired to make Pet Sounds by listening to The Beatles' Rubber Soul. Despite the critical praise it received, the album was indifferently promoted by Capitol Records and failed to become the major hit Brian had hoped it would be, reaching only number ten.

Seeking to expand on the advances made on Pet Sounds, Wilson now began an even more ambitious project. Its first fruit was "Good Vibrations," which Brian described as "a pocket symphony." The song became the Beach Boys' biggest hit to date. It reach number one in both the U.S. and the U.K. in 1966, and many critics consider it to be one of the best rock singles of all time. It was also one of the more complex pop productions ever undertaken, and was reputed at the time to have been the most expensive American single recorded.

Smile

While putting the finishing touches on Pet Sounds, Brian met fellow musician and songwriter Van Dyke Parks. The two began an intense collaboration that resulted in a suite of challenging new songs for the Beach Boys' next album, which was eventually named Smile. Recording began in August 1966 and carried on into early 1967. Wilson and Parks intended Smile to be a continuous suite of songs that were linked both thematically and musically, with the main songs being joined together by small vocal pieces and instrumental segments that elaborated upon the musical themes of the major songs.

However, some of the other Beach Boys, especially Love, found the new music too difficult and too far removed from their established style. Moreover, the new music was simply not feasible for live performance by the current Beach Boys lineup. After a heated argument with Love, Parks walked out of a recording session, and shortly thereafter his creative partnership with Wilson came to an end. In May 1967, Smile was shelved, and over the next 30 years, the legends surrounding Smile grew until it became the most famous unreleased album in the history of popular music.

Mid-career changes

After the popularity of the song "Good Vibrations" came a period of declining commercial success. Smiley Smile and subsequent albums performed poorly on the U.S. charts (although they fared better in the UK). The group's image problems took a further hit following their withdrawal from the bill of the 1967 Monterey International Pop Festival.

The 1967 album Wild Honey, regarded by some as another classic, features songs written by Wilson and Love, including the hit "Darlin'" and a rendition of Stevie Wonder's "I Was Made to Love Her." Friends (1968) is a largely acoustic album, influenced by the group's adoption of the practice of Transcendental Meditation. The title single was their least successful single since 1962. This was followed by the single "Do It Again," a return to their earlier "fun in the sun" style, which was moderately successful in the U.S., but went to #1 in the UK.

As Brian's mental and physical health deteriorated in the late 1960s and early 1970s, his song output diminished and he became increasingly withdrawn from the group. To fill the void, the other members began writing songs. Carl Wilson gradually took over leadership of the band, developing into an accomplished producer. To complete their contract with Capitol Records before signing with Reprise Records, they produced one more album, 20/20 (1969), primarily a collection of leftovers (including remnants from Smile), old songs by outside writers, and several new songs by Dennis Wilson. One of those songs, "Never Learn Not to Love," featured uncredited lyrics by Charles Manson and was originally titled "Cease to Exist." Besides "Do It Again," the album included their cover of the Ronettes' "I Can Hear Music," which became their last top-40 hit for seven years.

In 1970, the Beach Boys reactivated their Brother Records label and signed with Reprise Records. With the new contract, the band appeared rejuvenated, releasing the album Sunflower to critical acclaim. The album was and still is recognized as a complete group effort, with all band members contributing significant material, such as "Add Some Music to Your Day," Brian's "This Whole World," Dennis' "Forever" and Bruce Johnston's "Tears in the Morning." The album, like Pet Sounds, was ignored by the public. The band experienced their worst chart performance ever, not even making the top 100.

After Sunflower, the band hired Jack Rieley as their manager. Rieley chose a different direction for the group, emphasizing, among other things, political and social awareness. The result was 1971's Surf's Up, featuring Brian's Smile centerpiece, "Surf's Up." The song itself was virtually the same arrangement of Brian performing in the studio in 1966, with Carl adding vocals and the "Child is Father of the Man" overdubs. Carl's "Long Promised Road" and "Feel Flows" are standouts. Brian contributed one of his best songs, "'Til I Die," which almost did not make the album sequencing. Bruce Johnston produced the classic "Disney Girls (1957)," a throwback to the easier, simpler times they remembered. Johnston ended his first stint with the band shortly after the record's release, reportedly because of friction between him and Jack Rieley. The album was moderately successful, reaching the US top 30. While the record made its run on the charts, the Beach Boys added to their refound fame by performing a near-sellout concert at Carnegie Hall, and following that with an appearance with the Grateful Dead at Fillmore East on April 27, 1971.

The addition of Ricky Fataar and Blondie Chaplin in February, 1972, led to a dramatic departure in sound for the band. The album Carl and the Passions - "So Tough" was an uncharacteristic mix that included several songs drawn from Fataar and Chaplin's previous group, Flame, which are nearly unrecognizable as Beach Boys songs. Although it has its supporters, the album is widely considered to be one of the group's most muddled and inconsistent.

The Beach Boys developed an ambitious (and expensive) plan in developing their next project, Holland. The band, their families, assorted associates and technicians moved to the Netherlands for the summer of 1972, eventually renting a farmhouse to convert into a makeshift studio. By the end of their adventure the band felt they had come up with one of their best efforts yet. Reprise, however, felt that the album was weak, and after some wrangling between the camps, the band asked Brian to come up with commercial material. This resulted in the song "Sail On, Sailor," a collaboration between Brian Wilson and Van Dyke Parks, became one of the more emblematic Beach Boys songs. Reprise approved, and the album was released early 1973, peaking at #37 on the Billboard album chart. Holland was also popular on FM radio, which embraced tracks like Mike Love and Al Jardine's "California Saga." Included as a "bonus" EP was Brian's storytale Mount Vernon and Fairway (A Fairy Tale), which was directly influenced by Randy Newman's Sail Away LP. Holland proved that the band could still produce contemporary songs with wide (if not mass) appeal.

Despite the indifference displayed by the record label, the band's concert audience started to grow. The Beach Boys in Concert, a double album documenting the 1972 and 1973 U.S. tours, became the band's first gold record for Reprise.

Endless Summer

In the summer of 1974, Capitol, in consultation with Love, released a double album compilation of the Beach Boys' pre-Pet Sounds hits. Endless Summer, helped by a sunny, colorful graphic cover, caught the mood of the country and surged to #1 on the Billboard album chart. It was the group's first gold record since "Good Vibrations," and remained on the album chart for three years. The following year another compilation, Spirit of America, also sold well. These compilations revived interest in the classic Beach Boys sound.

In 1975, the Beach Boys staged a highly successful joint concert tour with Chicago, with each group performing some of the other's songs, including their previous year's collaboration on Chicago's hit "Wishing You Were Here." Beach Boy vocals were also heard on Elton John's 1974 hit "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me."

With the release of "Endless Summer," the Beach Boys suddenly became relevant to the American music landscape. Rolling Stone awarded the band the distinction of 1974's "Band of The Year," solely based on the their juggernaut touring schedule and material Brian Wilson produced over a decade before. Nostalgia had settled into the Beach Boys hype; the group did not produce any albums of new material from 1973 to 1976. While their concerts continuously sold out, the stage act changed from a contemporary presentation with oldies encores to their old material becoming the bulk (if not the entire) part of the act. Performances of Smiley Smile to Holland material would eventually be phased out, replaced specifically by their hits from 1961 to 1966.

Brian's return

15 Big Ones marked the return of Brian Wilson as a major force in the group in that it was the first album produced by him since Pet Sounds. This album included several new songs composed by Brian, and several of his arrangements of favorite old songs by other artists, including "Rock and Roll Music" (which made #5), "Blueberry Hill," and "In the Still of the Night." Brian and Mike's "It's OK" was yet another return to their earlier "summertime fun" style, and was a moderate hit. The album was publicized by an NBC-TV special, telecast on August 4, 1976, simply titled "The Beach Boys," which was produced by Saturday Night Live creator Lorne Michaels and featured appearances by SNL cast members John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd.

Controversies

The Beach Boys with President Ronald and First Lady Nancy Reagan, 1983

In the late 1970s, Dennis Wilson also suffered increasingly from drug and alcohol abuse. Some of the group's concert appearances were marred when he and other band members showed up on stage drunk or stoned. The band was forced to publicly apologize after a poor performance in Perth, Australia in 1978, during which several members of the group appeared to be drunk. In spite of his own frequent drinking, Dennis Wilson managed to release his first solo work, Pacific Ocean Blue, and to launch the work-in-progress Bambu, with friend and musician Carli Muñoz.

In 1980, the Beach Boys played a Fourth of July concert on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. before a large crowd. This gig was repeated in the next two years, but in 1983 Secretary of the Interior James Watt banned the group from playing on the Mall, saying that rock concerts drew "an undesirable element.

This drew howls of outrage from the many of the Beach Boys' American fans, who stated that the Beach Boys sound was a very desirable part of the American cultural fabric. First Lady Nancy Reagan apologized, and in 1984 the group appeared on the Mall again. Love and Johnston most recently appeared on the Mall in 2005 for the Fourth of July concert.

Pet Sounds 40th anniversary reunion

On June 13, 2006, the major surviving Beach Boys (Brian Wilson, Mike Love, Al Jardine, Bruce Johnston, and David Marks) all set aside their differences and reunited for a celebration of the 40th anniversary of the album Pet Sounds and the double-platinum certification of their greatest hits compilation, Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of the Beach Boys, in a ceremony atop the Capitol Records building in Hollywood. Plaques were awarded for their efforts to all major members, with Brian Wilson accepting for his late brothers Carl and Dennis. Wilson himself implied there was a chance that all the living members (not having performed together since September 1996) would reunite again.

Legacy

The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988, with Mike Love delivering a speech that assailed Mick Jagger, Paul McCartney and the Beatles, Bruce Springsteen, Billy Joel and Diana Ross. The band was chosen for the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1998. In 2001, the group received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Brian Wilson was inducted into the UK Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in November 2006. In 2004, Rolling Stone Magazine ranked the Beach Boys #12 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time. In 2007, the Beach Boys were inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.

The group is frequently referred to when the topic of summertime songs comes up. About.com listed Sounds of Summer: The Very Best of The Beach Boys a 2003 compilation CD as the greatest summertime hits CD.

The Wilsons' Hawthorne, California house, where the Wilson brothers grew up and the group began, was demolished in the 1980s to make way for Interstate 105, (the Century Freeway). A Beach Boys Historic Landmark (California Landmark #1041 at 3701 West 119th Street), dedicated on May 20, 2005, marks the location.

Currently, Beach Boys Bruce Johnson and Mike Love tour the United States, Europe and many other countries under the name of the "Beach Boys Band." Other "honorary Beach Boys," such as John Stamos, also make guest appearances on their tours.

Discography

Surfin' Safari (1962) Surfin' USA (1963) Surfer Girl (1963) Little Deuce Coupe (1963) Shut Down Volume 2 (1964) All Summer Long (1964) The Beach Boys' Christmas Album (1964) Today! (1965) Summer Days (and Summer Nights!!) (1965) Beach Boys' Party! (1965) Pet Sounds (1966) Smiley Smile (1967) Wild Honey (1967) Friends (1968)

20/20 (1969) Sunflower (1970) Surf's Up (1971) Carl and the Passions - "So Tough" (1972) Holland (1973) 15 Big Ones (1976) Love You (1977) M.I.U. Album (1978) L.A. (Light Album) (1979) Keepin' the Summer Alive (1980) The Beach Boys (1985) Still Cruisin' (1989) Summer in Paradise (1992) Stars and Stripes Vol. 1 (1996)

References

ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

• Carlyn, Patrick Ames. Catch a Wave: The Rise, Fall & Redemption of the Beach Boys' Brian Wilson. Emmaus, Pa.: Rodale. ISBN 978-1594863202
• Ganes, Steven S. Heroes and Villains: The True Story of the Beach Boys. New York: New American Library, 1986. ISBN 978-0453005197
• Tobler, John. The Beach Boys. Secaucus, N.J.: Chartwell Books, 1978. ISBN 978-0890091746
• White, Timothy. The Nearest Faraway Place: Brian Wilson, the Beach Boys, and the Southern California Experience. New York: H. Holt, 1994. ISBN 978-0805022667

External links

• Official site
• Beach Boys Band - Current Touring Band
• The Beach Boys Fan Club
• Rock & Roll Hall of Fame page on The Beach Boys

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