Difference between revisions of "Sunfish" - New World Encyclopedia

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{{Taxobox
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| color = pink
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| name = Sunfishes
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| image = Centrarchus macropterus.jpg
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| image_width = 250px
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| image_caption = [[Flier]] (''Centrarchus macropterus'')
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| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
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| phylm = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
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| classis = [[Actinopterygii]]
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| ordo = [[Perciformes]]
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| subordo = [[Percoidei]]
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| familia = '''Centrarchidae'''
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| range_map = Centrarchidae_dis.png
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| range_map_width = 240px
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| range_map_caption = Sunfish range
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| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
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| subdivision =
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''[[Acantharchus]]'' <br />
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''[[Ambloplites]]'' <br />
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''[[Archoplites]]'' <br />
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''[[Centrarchus]]'' <br />
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''[[Enneacanthus]]'' <br />
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''[[Lepomis]]'' <br />
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''[[Micropterus]]'' <br />
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''[[Pomoxis]]''
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}}
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The '''sunfishes''' are a [[family (biology)|family]] ('''Centrarchidae''') of freshwater [[ray-finned fish]] belonging to the order [[Perciformes]]. The [[type genus]] is ''[[Centrarchus]]'' (consisting solely of the [[Flier (fish)|flier]], ''C. macropterus''). The family's 27 species includes many fishes familiar to [[North America]]ns, including the [[black bass]]es, [[rock bass]], [[largemouth bass]], [[bluegill]], and [[crappie]]s. All are native only to North America.
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Family members are distinguished by having at least three anal spines. The dorsal spines are 5&ndash;13 in number, but most species have 10&ndash;12.  The [[pseudobranch]] is small and concealed.  Sizes of most are in the 20&ndash;30&nbsp;[[Metre#SI_multiples|cm]] (8&ndash;12&nbsp;[[inch|in]]) range, but with the largemouth bass reported to reach almost one [[metre]] (just over three [[foot (unit of length)|feet]]) in extreme cases.
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The male of most species builds a nest by hollowing out a depression using his tail, then guards the eggs.
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Most sunfishes are valued for sports [[fishing]], and have been introduced in many areas outside their original ranges, sometimes becoming pests.
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The [[marine sunfish]]es (family Molidae) are entirely unrelated; for some other fishes known as "sunfish", see [[Sunfish]]. Other fishes sometimes known as sunfish:
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'''Saltwater fishes sometimes known as a sunfish'''
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* [[Ocean sunfish]] (''Mola mola'')
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* [[Oblong Sunfish]] (''Ranzania laevis'')
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*[[Opah]] (family Lampridae; two species)
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'''Freshwater fishes sometimes known as a sunfish'''
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* [[Pygmy sunfish]], which are called sunfishes, though they are not part of the ''Centrarchidae'' sunfish family
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* [[Banded sunfish]] (''Enneacanthus obesus'')
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* [[Centrarchidae]] (order Perciformes), freshwater sunfishes
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** [[Redbreast sunfish]]
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** [[Lepomis]], known as common, or eared sunfishes
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*** [[Bluegill]], of the ''Lepomis'' sunfish family
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*** [[Pumpkinseed]], of the ''Lepomis'' sunfish family
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==Classification==
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Recent genetic evidence suggests the following [[phylogeny]] of the centrarchid genera:<ref name="roe2002">
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{{cite journal
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|author=Roe, Kevin J., Phillip M. Harris, and Richard L. Mayden
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|title=Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genera of North American Sunfishes and Basses (Percoidei: Centrarchidae) as Evidenced by the Mitochondrial Cytochrome ''b'' Gene
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|journal=Copeia
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|year=2002
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|volume=2002
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|issue=4
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|pages=897‒905
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|url=http://bama.ua.edu/~pharris/lab/pdf%20files/Roe.pdf
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|format=PDF
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}}</ref>
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*family Centrarchidae
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** [[subfamily]] Centrarchinae
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***  [[tribe (biology)|tribe]] Ambloplitini
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****    ''[[Ambloplites]]''
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***  tribe Archoplitini
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****    ''[[Archoplites]]''
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****    ''[[Pomoxis]]''
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***  tribe Centrarchini
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****    ''[[Centrarchus]]''
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***  tribe Enneacanthini
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****    ''[[Enneacanthus]]''
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** subfamily Lepominae
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***  tribe Lepomini
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****    ''[[Lepomis]]''
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** [[incertae sedis]]
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***    ''[[Micropterus]]''
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***    ''[[Acantharchus]]''
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== References ==
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<references />
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* {{FishBase_family|family=Centrarchidae|year=2004|month=October}}
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* {{ITIS|ID=168093|taxon=Centrarchidae|year=2004|date=5 December}}
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* [http://www.sonnenbarsche.info German Website about Sunfishes and Basses www.sonnenbarsche.info]
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<br style="clear:both"/>
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<gallery>
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Image:Ambloplites rupestris1.jpg|[[Ambloplites rupestris]]
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Image:Micropterus dolomieu2.jpg|[[Micropterus dolomieu]]
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Image:Pomoxis nigromaculatus1.jpg|[[Pomoxis nigromaculatus]]
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</gallery>
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[[Category:Life sciences]]
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[[Category:Animals]]
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[[Category:Fishes]]
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{{credit|Centrarchidae|176805794}}

Revision as of 14:46, 15 December 2007


Sunfishes
Flier (Centrarchus macropterus)
Flier (Centrarchus macropterus)
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Suborder: Percoidei
Family: Centrarchidae
Sunfish range
Sunfish range
Genera

Acantharchus
Ambloplites
Archoplites
Centrarchus
Enneacanthus
Lepomis
Micropterus
Pomoxis

The sunfishes are a family (Centrarchidae) of freshwater ray-finned fish belonging to the order Perciformes. The type genus is Centrarchus (consisting solely of the flier, C. macropterus). The family's 27 species includes many fishes familiar to North Americans, including the black basses, rock bass, largemouth bass, bluegill, and crappies. All are native only to North America.

Family members are distinguished by having at least three anal spines. The dorsal spines are 5–13 in number, but most species have 10–12. The pseudobranch is small and concealed. Sizes of most are in the 20–30 cm (8–12 in) range, but with the largemouth bass reported to reach almost one metre (just over three feet) in extreme cases.

The male of most species builds a nest by hollowing out a depression using his tail, then guards the eggs.

Most sunfishes are valued for sports fishing, and have been introduced in many areas outside their original ranges, sometimes becoming pests.

The marine sunfishes (family Molidae) are entirely unrelated; for some other fishes known as "sunfish", see Sunfish. Other fishes sometimes known as sunfish:

Saltwater fishes sometimes known as a sunfish

  • Ocean sunfish (Mola mola)
  • Oblong Sunfish (Ranzania laevis)
  • Opah (family Lampridae; two species)

Freshwater fishes sometimes known as a sunfish

  • Pygmy sunfish, which are called sunfishes, though they are not part of the Centrarchidae sunfish family
  • Banded sunfish (Enneacanthus obesus)
  • Centrarchidae (order Perciformes), freshwater sunfishes
    • Redbreast sunfish
    • Lepomis, known as common, or eared sunfishes
      • Bluegill, of the Lepomis sunfish family
      • Pumpkinseed, of the Lepomis sunfish family

Classification

Recent genetic evidence suggests the following phylogeny of the centrarchid genera:[1]

  • family Centrarchidae
    • subfamily Centrarchinae
      • tribe Ambloplitini
        • Ambloplites
      • tribe Archoplitini
      • tribe Centrarchini
        • Centrarchus
      • tribe Enneacanthini
        • Enneacanthus
    • subfamily Lepominae
      • tribe Lepomini
        • Lepomis
    • incertae sedis
      • Micropterus
      • Acantharchus

References
ISBN links support NWE through referral fees

  1. ↑ Roe, Kevin J., Phillip M. Harris, and Richard L. Mayden (2002). Phylogenetic Relationships of the Genera of North American Sunfishes and Basses (Percoidei: Centrarchidae) as Evidenced by the Mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene. Copeia 2002 (4): 897‒905.


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