Ptolemaic dynasty
| Dynasties of Ancient Egypt |
| Predynastic Egypt |
| Protodynastic Period |
| Early Dynastic Period |
| Old Kingdom |
| First Intermediate Period |
| Middle Kingdom |
| Second Intermediate Period |
| New Kingdom |
| Third Intermediate Period |
| First Persian Period |
| Late Period |
| Second Persian Period |
| Ptolemaic Dynasty |
The Ptolemaic dynasty (sometimes also known as the Lagids, from the name of Ptolemy I's father, Lagus) was a Hellenistic Macedonian royal family which ruled the Ptolemaic Empire in Egypt for nearly 300 years, from 305 B.C.E. to 30 B.C.E.
Ptolemy, a somatophylax, one of the seven bodyguards who served as Alexander the Great's generals and deputies, was appointed satrap of Egypt after Alexander's death in 323 B.C.E. In 305 B.C.E., he declared himself King Ptolemy I, later known as "Soter" (saviour). The Egyptians soon accepted the Ptolemies as the successors to the pharaohs of independent Egypt. Ptolemy's family ruled Egypt until the Roman conquest of 30 B.C.E.
All the male rulers of the dynasty took the name Ptolemy. Ptolemaic queens, some of whom were the sisters of their husbands, were usually called Cleopatra, Arsinoe or Berenice. The most famous member of the line was the last queen, Cleopatra VII, known for her role in the Roman political battles between Julius Caesar and Pompey, and later between Octavian and Mark Antony. Her suicide at the conquest by Rome marked the end of Ptolemaic rule in Egypt.
Ptolemaic rulers and consorts
The dates in brackets are regnal dates for the kings. They frequently ruled jointly with their wives, who were often also their sisters. Several queens exercised regal authority, but the most famous and successful was Cleopatra VII (51 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.), with her two brothers and her son as successive nominal co-rulers. Several systems exist for numbering the later rulers; the one used here is the one most widely used by modern scholars. Dates are years of reign.
- Ptolemy I Soter (305 B.C.E.-282 B.C.E.) married first (probably) Thais, secondly Artakama, thirdly Eurydice and finally Berenice I
- Ptolemy II Philadelphus (284 B.C.E.-246 B.C.E.) married Arsinoe I, then Arsinoe II Philadelphus; ruled jointly with Ptolemy the Son (267 B.C.E.-259 B.C.E.)
- Ptolemy III Euergetes (246 B.C.E.-222 B.C.E.) married Berenice II
- Ptolemy IV Philopator (222 B.C.E.-204 B.C.E.) married Arsinoe III
- Ptolemy V Epiphanes (204 B.C.E.-180 B.C.E.) married Cleopatra I
- Ptolemy VI Philometor (180 B.C.E.-164 B.C.E., 163 B.C.E.-145 B.C.E.) married Cleopatra II, briefly ruled jointly with Ptolemy Eupator in 152 B.C.E.
- Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (never reigned)
- Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Physcon) (170 B.C.E.-163 B.C.E., 145 B.C.E.-116 B.C.E.) married Cleopatra II then Cleopatra III; temporarily expelled from Alexandria by Cleopatra II between 131 B.C.E. and 127 B.C.E., reconciled with her in 124 B.C.E.
- Cleopatra II Philometora Soteira (131 B.C.E.-127 B.C.E.), in opposition to Ptolemy VIII
- Cleopatra III Philometor Soteira Dikaiosyne Nikephoros (Kokke) (116 B.C.E.-101 B.C.E.) ruled jointly with Ptolemy IX (116 B.C.E.-107 B.C.E.) and Ptolemy X (107 B.C.E.-101 B.C.E.)
- Ptolemy IX Soter II (Lathyros) (116 B.C.E.-107 B.C.E., 88 B.C.E.-81 B.C.E. as Soter II) married Cleopatra IV then Cleopatra Selene; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III in his first reign
- Ptolemy X Alexander I (107 B.C.E.-88 B.C.E.) married Cleopatra Selene then Berenice III; ruled jointly with Cleopatra III till 101 B.C.E.
- Berenice III Philopator (81 B.C.E.-80 B.C.E.)
- Ptolemy XI Alexander II (80 B.C.E.) married and ruled jointly with Berenice III before murdering her; ruled alone for 19 days after that.
- Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos (Auletes) (80 B.C.E.-58 B.C.E., 55 B.C.E.-51 B.C.E.) married Cleopatra V Tryphaena
- Cleopatra V Tryphaena (58 B.C.E.-57 B.C.E.) ruled jointly with Berenice IV Epiphaneia (58 B.C.E.-55 B.C.E.)
- Cleopatra VII Philopator (51 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.) ruled jointly with Ptolemy XIII (51 B.C.E.-47 B.C.E.), Ptolemy XIV (47 B.C.E.-44 B.C.E.) and Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44 B.C.E.-30 B.C.E.).
- Arsinoe IV (48 B.C.E.-47 B.C.E.) in opposition to Cleopatra VII
Simplified Ptolemaic family tree
Many of the relationships shown in this tree are controversial. The issues are fully discussed in the external links.
Other members of the Ptolemaic dynasty
- Ptolemy Keraunos (died 279 B.C.E.) - eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter. Eventually became king of Macedon.
- Ptolemy Apion (died 96 B.C.E.) - son of Ptolemy VIII Physcon. Made king of Cyrenaica. Bequeathed Cyrenaica to Rome.
- Ptolemy Philadelphus (born 36 B.C.E.) - son of Mark Antony and Cleopatra VII.
- Ptolemy of Mauretania (died AD 40) - son of Juba II of Mauretania and Cleopatra Selene II, daughter of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. King of Mauretania.
See also
- Hellenistic period
- History of ancient Egypt
- Ptolemaic kingdom
- Ptolemy I Soter
- Ptolemaic Decrees
External links
- Ptolemaic Dynasty
- Livius, Ptolemies by Jona Lendering
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ar:بطالمة ast:Dinastía Tolemaica bs:Ptolemejevići br:Tierniezh ar Ptolemeed bg:Птолемеи ca:Dinastia Ptolemaica cv:Птолемейсем cs:Ptolemaiovci cy:Brenhinllin y Ptolemïaid de:Ptolemäer el:Δυναστεία των Πτολεμαίων es:Dinastía Ptolemaica fa:دودمان بطلمیوسی fr:Dynastie des Ptolémées ko:프톨레마이오스 왕조 hr:Ptolemejevići id:Dinasti Ptolemeus is:Ptolemajaríkið it:Dinastia tolemaica he:בית תלמי jv:Dinasti Ptolemeus lb:Ptolemäer lt:Ptolemėjų dinastija hu:Ptolemaida dinasztia nl:Ptolemaeën ja:プトレマイオス朝 no:Ptolemeerdynastiet nn:Egypt under ptolemearane oc:Dinastia dels Ptolemèus pl:Ptolemeusze pt:Dinastia ptolemaica ru:Птолемеи sk:Ptolemaiovci sr:Птолемејиди sh:Ptolemeidi fi:Ptolemaiosten hallitsijasuku sv:Ptolemaiska dynastin vi:Nhà Ptolemy zh:托勒密王朝
Credits
New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. To cite this article click here for a list of acceptable citing formats.The history of earlier contributions by wikipedians is accessible to researchers here:
The history of this article since it was imported to New World Encyclopedia:
Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.
